Name : Aqsa Urooj

Roll no : 02
Functional Food and Nutraceuticals
Submitted to : Sir Mueed
Topic : Cinnamon
Semester: 6th Evening
 Cinnamon
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Cinnamon cassia), the eternal tree of
tropical medicine, belongs to the Lauraceae family. Cinnamon is one of the most
important spices used daily by people all over the world. Cinnamon is mainly used
in the aroma and essence industries due to its fragrance, which can be
incorporated into different varieties of foodstuffs, perfumes, and medicinal
products
Cinnamon is a first traded and most popular spice from ancient time. It extracts
from the bark of cinnamon tree have also been used traditionally as medicine
throughout the world.
It can be used in various forms, whole or ground forms and as a extract or
essential oil usually obtained by cinnamon bark or leaf.

TYPES
There are four main species of commercially cultivated cinnamon.
 Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon Cinnamon) ...
 Cinnamomum burmannii (Korintje Cinnamon) ...
 Cinnamomum cassia (Saigon Cinnamon) ...
 Cinnamomum loureiroi (Royal Cinnamon)
 Phytochemicals
The phytochemical analysis shows that cinnamon contains a variety of
compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, etc. which might be
responsible for the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. spicy taste and
fragrance are due to the presence of cinnamaldehyde and occur due to the
absorption of oxygen. As cinnamon ages, it darkens in color, improving the
resinous compounds. The components of procyanidins include both procyanidin
A-type and B-type linkages. Cinnamon bark contains procyanidins and catechins.
These procyanidins extracted from cinnamon and berries also possess antioxidant
activities

Chemical structures
The chemical structures of some important constituents of cinnamon are

Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamyl acetate

Cinnamic acid
 Functional Properties
Cinnamon has been reported to have significant benefits for human health,
particularly as an anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-
hypertriglyceridemia agent, mainly due to its phytochemical constituents such
as phenolic and volatile compounds.
Cinnamon has also been reported to have activities against neurological
disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
In addition to being used as a spice and flavoring agent, cinnamon is also added to
flavor chewing gums due to its mouth refreshing effects and ability to remove bad
breath. Cinnamon can also improve the health of the colon, thereby reducing the
risk of colon cancer. Cinnamon is a coagulant and prevents bleeding. Cinnamon also
increases the blood circulation in the uterus and advances tissue regeneration. This
plant plays a vital role as a spice, but its essential oils and other constituents also
have important activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and
antidiabetic
Cinnamon has been used as an anti-inflammatory, antitermitic, nematicidal,
mosquito larvicidal , insecticidal , antimycotic, and anticancer agent. Cinnamon has
also been traditionally used as tooth powder and to treat toothaches, dental
problems, oral microbiota, and bad breath
1. Anti-inflammatory effect

Inflammation is incredibly important. It helps your body fight infections and repair
tissue damage. However, inflammation can become a problem when it’s chronic
and directed against your body’s own tissues. Cinnamon may be useful in this
regard. Studies show that this spice and its antioxidants have potent anti-
inflammatory properties

 Trans-cinnamaldehyde and p-cymene contribute to the strong anti-

inflammatory effects of cinnamon extract.
 2. Anti-Cancer effect

Impaired apoptosis plays critical roles in the initiation and progression of cancer.
Increasing evidence indicates that cinnamon, as a therapeutic agent, has anti-
cancer effects via affecting numerous apoptosis-related pathways in cancer cells.
Cinnamon as a whole and/or its active components exhibited significant
antineoplastic activity in different types of cancer

 Cinnamic acid derivatives can inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, breast
cancer cells and MCF-10A (Reddy et al., 2016).

3. Anti-Diabetes
Cinnamon may help lower blood sugar and fight diabetes by imitating the effects
of insulin and increasing glucose transport into cells . It can also help lower blood
sugar by increasing insulin sensitivity, making insulin more efficient at moving
glucose into cells
 The active compound responsible is believed to be poly-phenolic
compound.

4. For Cough and cold

 Studies suggest that cinnamic acid, a component of cinnamon oil might be
effective in killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causative agent of TB.
Additionally cinnamon has a natural warming effect so it is used in the
traditional herbalism and chinese medicine as a remedy for cold.

5. For Blood Circulation

Proper blood circulation is essential for the functioning of the body. Certain
physical or physiological conditions may lead to either improper blood circulation
or accumulation of clots in blood vessels.
 Experts indicate that coumarin a biochemical agent present in cinnamon is
a natural blood thinner and an anticoagulant.
 6. Cinnamon can help treat the symptoms of
Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s disease.

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are two neurological conditions that,

for the moment, are incurable. An enormous part of treating these diseases
is therefore in symptom management, and this can be boosted with the
addition of cinnamon to a regular regime.

Nutrition
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, a teaspoon of ground
cinnamon weighing 2.6 g contains:

 energy: 6.42 calories

 carbohydrates: 2.1 g
 calcium: 26.1 milligrams (mg)
 iron: 0.21 mg
 magnesium: 1.56 mg
 phosphorus: 1.66 mg
 potassium: 11.2 mg
 vitamin A: 0.39 micrograms

It also contains traces of vitamins B and K and the antioxidants

choline, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene,
lutein, and zeaxanthin

Daily Requirement
Some experts suggest 1/2 to 1 teaspoon (2-4 grams) of powder a day.
Some studies have used between 1 gram and 6 grams of cinnamon. High
doses might be toxic
 Side effects

In the short term, consuming moderate amounts of cinnamon as a spice or

as a supplement seems to be safe for most people.
However, cinnamon contains coumarin. This is a natural flavoring, but it
also plays a role in creating warfarin, the common blood-thinning drug.
Consuming too much coumarin can lead to liver damage and affect
coagulation. Therefore, people should speak to their doctor before adding
cinnamon or cassia to their diet if they:

 take anticoagulants or other drugs

 have diabetes
 have a liver condition

Cassia cinnamon powder, a common ingredient in foods in the U.S.,

contains more coumarin than Ceylon cinnamon powder.