Thermodynamics I

Homework set#5

1-A quantity of air amounting to 2.42×10-2 kg undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of

three internally reversible processes in series.
Process 1–2: constant-volume heating at V = 0.02 m3 from p 1= 0.1 MPa to p2= 0.42 MPa
Process 2–3: constant-pressure cooling
Process 3–1: isothermal heating to the initial state
Employing the ideal gas model with cp =1 kJ/kg K, evaluate the change in entropy, in kJ/K, for
each process. Sketch the cycle on p–v and T–s coordinates.

2-One kilogram mass of air in a piston–cylinder assembly is compressed adiabatically from 4 0 C,

1 bar to 5 bars.
a-If the air is compressed without internal irreversibilities, determine the temperature at the final
state, and the work required, in kJ.
b-If the compression requires 20% more work than found in
part (a), determine the temperature at the final state, and the amount of entropy produced, in
kJ/K.
c- Show the processes of parts (a) and (b) on T–s coordinates.

3-At steady state, a device receives a stream of saturated water vapor at 210 0 C and discharges a
condensate stream at 200 C, 0.1 MPa while delivering energy by heat transfer at 3000 C. The only
other energy transfer involves heat transfer at 200 C to the surroundings. Kinetic and potential
energy changes are negligible. What is the maximum theoretical amount of energy, in kJ per kg
of steam entering that could be delivered at 300 0 C?

4- An inventor claims to have developed a refrigeration cycle that requires a net power input of
1.2 kW to remove 25,000 kJ/h of energy by heat transfer from a reservoir at -300 C and discharge
energy by heat transfer to a reservoir at 20 0 C. There are no other energy transfers with the
surroundings.Evaluate this claim.
5-At steady state, a cycle develops a power output of 10 kW for heat addition at a rate of 10 kJ
per cycle of operation from a source at 1500 K. Energy is rejected by heat transfer to cooling
water at 300 K. Determine the minimum theoretical number of cycles required per minute.

6-Two kilograms of water execute a Carnot power cycle. During the isothermal expansion, the
water is heated until it is a saturated vapor from an initial state where the pressure is 40 bar and
the quality is 15%. The vapor then expands adiabatically to a pressure of 1.5 bar while doing
491.5 kJ/kg of work.
a-Sketch the cycle on p–v coordinates.
b-Evaluate the heat and work for each process, in kJ.
c-Evaluate the thermal efficiency