Book 3B Lesson Worksheet 10A (Refer to §10.

1)

[In this worksheet, unless otherwise stated, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if
necessary.]
10.1A Gradient of an Inclined Plane
Refer to the figure.
If AB represents an inclined plane, then
vertical distance BC
gradient of AB = =
horizontal distance AC

e.g. Gradient of the inclined plane XY in the figure Y

YZ
= 5m
XZ
5m Z X
= 10 m
10 m
1
= (or 1 : 2) ! Gradients are usually expressed in the
2 1
form of or 1 : n, where n is an integer.
n

1. In each of the following, find the gradient of the inclined road AB.
Vertical Horizontal Gradient of AB A

distance AC distance BC (in the form of 1 : n)

( ) cm
(a) 5 cm 20 cm =1:( ) B C
( ) cm

(b) 0.4 m 12 m

(c) 400 m 60 000 m

Ex 10A 1
Example 1 Instant Drill 1
gradient = 1 : 10
1
gradient =
6 vertical distance vertical distance
= 20 m =hm
A car travels downdistance
horizontal along =and m
inclined road as May walks up along horizontal distance
an inclined = 70
road asmshown.
shown. Find the value of d. Find the value of h.
20 m ( )
Sol Gradient of the road = Sol Gradient of the road =
dm ( )
1 20 =
=
6 d
d = 20 × 6
= 120

4
2. Kary walks along an inclined road with gradient 1 : 7. If the horizontal distance she walks is
17.5 m, find the vertical distance she walks.
( )
Let d m be the vertical distance she walks. gradient =
( )
( )
Gradient of the road = ?
( )
( ) ( )
= _____ m
( ) ( )
=

Ex 10A 2, 3

3. When an ant crawls 85 cm up along a straight stick, the vertical distance B

that it crawls is 13 cm. 85 cm
13 cm
(a) Find the horizontal distance that the ant crawls.
1 A C
(b) Find the gradient of the stick in the form of , where n is correct to
n
the nearest integer.
Use Pythagoras’ theorem to find x.
(a) Let AC = x cm. In !ABC, Recall:
x2 + ( )2 = ( )2 c
= b a 2 + b 2 = c2
a

1
(b) Let be the gradient of the stick.
n
BC
Gradient of the stick =
AC
1 ( )
=
n ( )
=

Ex 10A 4, 5

10.1BGradient and Inclination

Refer to the figure.
(a) The angle θ between the inclined plane AB and
the horizontal (AC) is called the inclination of AB.
BC
(b) Gradient of AB = = tan θ (inclination)
AC
e.g. Gradient of the inclined plane XY in the figure Y
= tan 38°
= 0.781, cor. to. 3 sig. fig. 38°
X Z
horizontal

5
4. In each of the following, find the gradient of the inclined plane AB.
(a) (b) (c) B
B 11° B

24° A C
C horizontal 50°
A
horizontal A C
horizontal

In each of the following, find the gradient of an uphill road with the given inclination. [Nos. 5–6]
(Express the answers in the form of 1 : n, where n is correct to the nearest integer.)
5. 7°! 6. 4.4°!
!
 1
Let 1 : n  i.e.  be the gradient of the road. !
 n
!
Gradient of the road = tan ( )
!
1 !
= tan ( )
n !
!
=
!
!
!
!
" The gradient of the road is .! !
Ex 10A 6!

Example 2 Instant Drill 2

1 Find the inclination of a path with gradient
The gradient of a road is . Find its 1 : 18.
4
inclination. Sol
Sol Let θ be the inclination of the road.
1
tan θ =
4
θ = 14.0°, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
" The inclination of the road is 14.0°.

7. In each of the following, find the 8. B

inclination θ of an inclined road with the
given gradient. 42 m
5
(a) 3.7 (b) Find the inclination
8 A 75ofmthehorizontal
inclined road
! AB in the figure.!
Find the gradient
! ! first.
6
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
Ex 10A 8 Ex 10A 9!

9. The gradient of an inclined path is 0.62.

(a) Find the inclination of the path.
(b) Andy walks 100 m up along the path. Find the horizontal distance he walks.

100 m

inclination ( )
?
Use ‘sin’, ‘cos’ or ‘tan’?

Ex 10A 10, 11
10.1C Gradient on Map
The figure shows a contour map. If AB represents an inclined 400 m
A
straight path with horizontal distance 3 000 m, we have:
300 m
(i) Since A lies on the contour line with label ‘400 m’,
A is 400 m above the sea level. Similarly, B is 100 m above 200 m
the sea level.
100 m
(ii) Vertical distance between A and B = (400 − 100) m B
= 300 m
300 m
(iii) Gradient of AB = ! Recall:
3 000 m vertical distance
1 Gradient =
= horizontal distance
10

7
 Example 3 Instant Drill 3
350 m 500 m 400 m
P
300 m
300 m M

250 m
200 m
200 m
Q N

The figure shows a contour map, where PQ The figure shows a contour map, where MN
represents a straight road. It is given that the represents a straight road. It is given that the
horizontal distance between P and Q is 900 m. horizontal distance between M and N is
Find 3 600 m. Find
(a) the vertical distance between P and Q, (a) the vertical distance between M and N,
(b) the gradient of the straight road, and (b) the gradient of the straight road, and
express the answer as a fraction. express the answer as a fraction.
Sol (a) Vertical distance between P and Q Sol (a) Vertical distance between M and N
= (350 – 250) m = [( )–( )] m
= 100 m =
(b) Gradient of the road (b)
100 m
=
900 m
1
=
9

10.The figure shows a contour map of a hill. A straight path is built from 650 m 625 m
1 675 m
point A to point B. It is given that the gradient of the path is . Find
5 A
(a) the vertical distance between A and B, 600 m
(b) the horizontal distance between A and B.
B

Ex 10A 13, 14

8
 ! ‘Explain Your Answer’ Question
11. PQ and RS are two straight highways. It is given that the gradient of PQ is 1 : 7 and the
inclination of RS is 10°.
(a) Find the gradient of RS. The greater the
(b) Which highway is steeper, PQ or RS? Explain your answer. gradient, the
steeper the
(a) Gradient of RS =

(b) Gradient of PQ =

" Gradient of PQ ( > / < ) gradient of RS

# Highway (PQ / RS) is steeper.

 Level Up Question
12. In the figure, AB and BC represent two straight roads. ADC is a B
horizontal line, BD ⊥ AC, BD = 2 m, AC = 30 m and the
2m
inclination of AB is 8°. 8°
(a) Find the lengths of AD and DC. A D C
(b) Find the inclination of BC. 30 m

9
New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 3B

10 Applications in Trigonometry
Consolidation Exercise
10A

Level 1!!
1. (a) AB is a straight road. The vertical distance between A and B is 5 m. The horizontal distance
between A and B is 50 m. Find the gradient of the road AB.
(b) Jason travels up along a straight road. When he travels a horizontal distance of 16 m, he
rises 6 m vertically. Find the gradient of the road.

2. In the figure, David runs from P to Q along a road with gradient 1 : 30.
$

$
1 800 m

If he runs a horizontal distance of 1 800 m, find the vertical distance travelled by him.

1
3. The figure shows a road AB with gradient .
17
A

3.4 m
B

If a car travels a vertical distance of 3.4 m, find the horizontal distance travelled by the car.

4. In the figure, the length of the lane XY is 25.7 m. The horizontal distance between X and Y is
25.5 m.
Y
25.7 m

X
25.5 m
(a) Find the vertical distance between X and Y.
1
(b) Express the gradient of the lane in the form of , where n is correct to the nearest integer.
n

5. In each of the following, find the gradient of an uphill road with the given inclination.
(a) 8° (b) 2.3°
( Express the answers in the form of 1 : n, where n is correct to the nearest integer.)

10
6. The figure shows a road AB with inclination θ. Find the gradient of the road in each of the
following situations.
A

θ
B

(a) tan θ = 0.06 (b) θ = 5.2° (c) sin θ = 0.4

1
(Express the answers in the form of , where n is correct to the nearest integer.)
n

7. In each of the following, find the inclination of a straight road with the given gradient.
7
(a) 1.5 (b) (c) 1 : 18
3
(Give the answers correct to the nearest 0.1°.)

8. In the figure, a cable car travels along a straight cable. If it travels a horizontal distance of
960 m and a vertical distance of 128 m, find the inclination of the cable, correct to 3 significant
figures.

128 m

960 m

9. In the figure, a cat walks down along a path with gradient 0.2.
gradient = 0.2

(a) What is the inclination of the path?

(b) If the cat walks 15 m along the path, find the horizontal distance the cat walks.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

8
10. The gradient of a road PQ is . The inclination of another road QR is 16°. Wendy claims that
25
the road PQ is steeper than the road QR. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

11
11. The figure shows a contour map, where XY represents a
straight road of gradient 1 : 12. 250 m Y
(a) Find the vertical distance between X and Y.
200 m
(b) Find the horizontal distance between X and Y.
150 m

100 m
X
12. The figure shows a contour map. PQ represents a straight
500 m
road and the horizontal distance between P and Q is 400 m. P 450 m
(a) Find the gradient of the road, and express the answer as 400 m
a fraction. Q
(b) Find the inclination of the road. 350 m
(Give the answer correct to the nearest degree.)

Level 2!!
13. In the figure, Jenny drives at a speed of 14 m/s from P to Q along a straight road with
1
gradient . She rises 56 m vertically in the whole journey.
3
Q

(a) Find the inclination of the road.

(b) Find the time taken in the whole journey.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

14. Fig. A shows a ladder PQ which leans against a vertical wall. The inclination of the ladder is
32° and the foot of the ladder is 1.4 m from the corner O of the wall.
P
X

0.7 m

Q 32° Y
1.4 m
Fig. A Fig. B
(a) Find the length of the ladder.
(b) Later, the top P slides down to X which is 0.7 m above O, and the foot Q slides to Y at the
same time, as shown in Fig. B. Find the new inclination of the ladder.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

12
15. In the figure, XY and YZ represent two straight roads, where X and Z are two points on the
horizontal ground. N is a point on XZ such that YN ⊥ XZ. YN = 80 m and XZ = 650 m.
Y

80 m

X Z
$
650 m

It is given that the inclination of the road XY is 13°.

(a) Find the length of NZ, correct to 3 significant figures.
(b) Which path, XY or YZ, is less steep? Explain your answer.

16. The figure shows two straight roads PQ and QR of lengths 2 000 m and 960 m respectively. The
gradient of PQ is 0.32. ONR is a horizontal line.
P

2 000 m

$ R

(a) Find the inclination of PQ. Hence, find the horizontal distance between P and Q.
(b) It is given that the horizontal distance between P and R is 2 800 m. Find the gradient
of QR.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

17. On a contour map of scale 1 : 8 000, AB represents a straight road. The vertical distance
between A and B is 50 m. If the inclination of the road is 9°, find the length of AB on the map
correct to the nearest 0.01 cm.

18. The figure shows a contour map of scale 1 : 30 000. XY

and YZ represent the two parts of a hiking trail. The Y 450 m
length of XY on the map is measured as 3 cm. Z
(a) Find the inclination of the path XY, correct to 250 m 400 m
3 significant figures.
(b) If the actual total length of the trail is 1.7 km, which 350 m
path, XY or YZ, is steeper? Explain your answer. 300 m
X
200 m

Scale 1 : 30 000

13
Book 3B Lesson Worksheet 10B (Refer to §10.2)

[In this worksheet, unless otherwise stated, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if
necessary.]
10.2 Angles of Elevation and Depression
(a) When we look up at an object, the angle
between the line of sight and the horizontal
is called the angle of elevation.
When we look down at an object, the angle
between the line of sight and the horizontal
is called the angle of depression.
e.g. In the figure, horizontal P
the angle of elevation of P from A = 60° 40°
the angle of depression of B from P = 40°
60°
horizontal
(b) Angle of elevation of B from A B A
= angle of depression of A from B

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

C D

6m 40 m

E F
27 m horizontal
A B horizontal ground groun
2m
In the figure, DE is a d
building of height
40 m.
In the figure, BC is a lamp post of height 6 m.
F is 27 m away from E. Find the angle of
A is 2 m away from B. Find the angle of
elevation of D from F.
elevation of C from A.
Sol Let θ be the angle of elevation D
Sol Let θ be the angle of elevation C
of D from F.
of C from A.
In !DEF, 40 m
In !ABC,
6m ( ) θ
6m θ= E F
tan θ = θ ( ) 27 m
2m A 2m B
θ = 71.6°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =
" The required angle of elevation is
71.6°.

17
1. 2. R
H

110 m
5.3 m

A 185 m B horizontal
groun Q S horizontal ground
4.6 m
d
In the figure, a hot-air balloon H is 110 m The figure shows a road sign RS of height
vertically above B. Points A and B are 5.3 m. Q is 4.6 m away from S. Find the
185 m apart. Find the angle of elevation of angle of depression of Q from R.
H from A.
Refer to the notations in the figure.
In !QRS, P R
( )
θ=
( ) 5.3 m
θ
= Q S
4.6 m

∠PRQ = ! alt. ∠s, PR // QS

" The required angle of depression is

.
Ex 10B 1, 2

3. 4. B
T 51°

600 m

A sea level
23°
horizontal ground S 15 m P
In the figure, a bird B is 600 m from a
In the figure, the tree TS casts a shadow PS buoy A at sea level. The angle of
of length 15 m on the ground. The angle of depression of A from B is 51°. Find the
elevation of the sun from P is 23°. Find the horizontal distance between A and B.
height of the tree.
In !PST,
( )
23° =
( )
=

Ex 10B 3–5

18
Example 2 Instant Drill 2
C R

P 35°
9.5 m 84 m
A 64° 50 m
1.7 m
Q S
B D horizontal ground
In the figure, the height of the flagpole CD is In the figure, PQ and RS are two buildings on
9.5 m. Ivan stands at point B. His eyes at A are the horizontal ground, and their heights are
1.7 m above the ground. The angle of elevation 50 m and 84 m respectively. The angle of
of C from A is 64°. Find the distance between elevation of R from P is 35°. Find the distance
Ivan and the flagpole. between the two buildings.
Sol With the notations in the figure, Sol With the notations in the figure,
construct AE ⊥ CD. construct PT ⊥ RS.
CE = CD – ED C RT = ( )–( ) R
= CD – AB =
= (9.5 – 1.7) m P 35° T 84 m
= 7.8 m 9.5 m
A 64° E 50 m
In !ACE, 1.7 m
In !PRT,
CE ( ) Q S
B D 35° =
tan 64° =
AE ( )
CE =
AE =
tan 64°
7.8
= m
tan 64°
= 3.80 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
" The distance between Ivan and the
flagpole is 3.80 m.

5. In the figure, the top P of a table is 130 cm above the horizontal

table P
ground. The angle of elevation of P from D is 28°. P and D are 200 200 cm
cm apart. Find the height of D above the ground.
130 cm 28° D

19
6. In the figure, the heights of a spotlight (X) and the top of a display board (Y) X
are 6 m and 3.3 m above the horizontal ground respectively. The horizontal
display
distance between X and Y is 2.5 m. Find the angle of depression of Y from bo
X. Y
6m ard

3.3 m

2.5 m

Ex 10B 6–9

 Level Up Question
7. In the figure, A and B are two windows of a building on the horizontal
ground. The angles of elevation of A and B from a point C on the ground B
are 42° and 63° respectively. A, B and C lie on the same vertical plane.
Find the distance between A and B.
A

63°
C 42°
9m

20
New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 3B

10 Applications in Trigonometry
Consolidation Exercise
10B

[In this exercise, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.]

Level 1!!
1. In the figure, XY represents a building of height 45 m. K is a point on the horizontal ground and
KY = 80 m. Find the angle of elevation of X from K.
X

45 m

K Y
80 m

2. In the figure, the bottom B of a balloon is tied to a point C on the horizontal ground by a straight
string of length 6.3 m. If the horizontal distance between B and C is 1.9 m, find the angle of
depression of C from B.

6.3 m

1.9 m C

3. In the figure, ST is a tower of height 90 m. The angle of elevation of T from a point U on the
horizontal ground is 54°. Find the horizontal distance between U and T.
T

90 m

54°
U S

21
4. In the figure, the top M of a vertical flagpole is tied to a point R on the horizontal ground by a
straight rope of length 8.2 m. If the angle of depression of R from M is 37°, find the height of
the flagpole.
M
37°
8.2 m

5. In the figure, a cat stands at P on the horizontal ground and a light bulb is mounted at Q on the
horizontal celling. The horizontal distance between P and Q is 0.9 m. If the angle of depression
of P from Q is 70°, find the distance between P and Q.
Q

6. In the figure, Paul’s eyes at P are 1.5 m above the Q

horizontal ground. He looks at the top Q of a tree. The
angle of elevation of Q from P is 23°. The horizontal
distance between P and Q is 6 m. Find the height of the
P 23°
tree.
1.5 m
6m

7. In the figure, AB and CD represent two buildings on the horizontal ground. The height of
building AB is 160 m and the angle of depression of C from A is 48°.
A
48°

160 m
C

B D
It is given that the distance between A and C is 170 m. Find the height of building CD.

22
8. In the figure, a hawk X and a squirrel Y are 10.8 m and 7.2 m above the horizontal ground
respectively. The distance between X and Y is 9 m. Find the angle of depression of Y from X.

Y 10.8 m
7.2 m

Level 2!!
9. In the figure, XY is a lamppost of height 5 m. P and Q are points on the horizontal ground and
PQ = 13 m. PYQ is a straight line. The angle of elevation of X from P is 40°.
X

5m
P 40° Y
13 m Q
(a) Find PY.
(b) Find the angle of depression of Q from X.

10. In the figure, SN is a Christmas tree. P and Q are two points on the horizontal ground. The
angles of elevation of S from P and Q are 37° and 52° respectively. If S and P are 26 m apart,
find the distance between N and Q.
S

26 m

P 37° 52° Q
N

11. In the figure, PQR is a vertical statue. X and R lie P

on the horizontal ground. The angles of elevation of
P and Q from X are 29° and 7° respectively. It is
given that the distance between X and Q is 96 m.
(a) Find the distance between X and R.
(b) Find the distance between P and Q. 7° Q
29°
X R

23
12. In the figure, the height of a vertical cliff BC is 75 m. The angle of elevation of a bird A from C
is 16°. The horizontal distance between A and C is 120 m.
B

A 75 m

16°
120 m C $
(a) Find the height of the bird above the horizontal ground.
(b) Find the angle of depression of A from B.

13. In the figure, the height of a hill PN is 760 m. X and Y represent the two banks of a river. N, X
and Y lie on the same horizontal line. The angles of depression of X and Y from P are 38° and
29° respectively. Find the width of the river.
38°
P
29°
760 m

N X Y

14. The figure shows two buildings AB and CD in a school. C C

is tied to A and B with two straight ribbons. The height of 15°
building AB is 25 m and the length of ribbon AC is 30 m
30 m. The angle of depression of A from C is 15°. A
(a) Find the height of building CD.
(b) Find the angle of elevation of C from B. 25 m

B D

15. In the figure, XY is the lightning rod of a building YZ and XYZ X

is a vertical line. The angles of elevation of X and Y from a
56°
helicopter P are 56° and 23° respectively. The length of the 47 m
lightning rod is 47 m.
Y
(a) Find the horizontal distance between the helicopter and
the building. P
(b) If XZ = 150 m, find the vertical distance between P and Z. 23°

24
Book 3B Lesson Worksheet 10C (Refer to §10.3)

[In this worksheet, unless otherwise stated, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if
necessary.]
10.3 Bearings
There are 8 major bearings used in daily life:
east (E), south (S), west (W), north (N)
north-east (NE), south-east (SE), south-west (SW), north-west (NW)

10.3A Compass Bearing

Compass bearing is expressed in the form of Nx°E, Nx°W, Sx°E or Sx°W, where
x° is measured from either the north or the south, and 0 < x < 90.
e.g. The compass bearings of A, B, C and D from O are:

N40°E N45°W S50°E S55°W

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

Refer to the figure. Find N A
Refer to the figure. Find F N
the compass bearings of 30° the compass bearings of
(a) A from O, (a) D from O,
(b) C from O. (b) F from O. 70°
O
55° O
65° D
Sol (a) The compass bearing C N A Sol (a) The compass bearing of D from O is
of A from O is N30°E. 30° .

E
(b) With the notations in O N (b) With the notations in N
the figure, the figure, F
W
θ = 90° – 55° 55° O θ= θ
= 35° θ 70°
C
# The compass bearing of C from # The compass bearing of F fromO O
S O
is S35°W. is .
It cannot be written
as W55°S.

28
1. Refer to the figure. Find N 2. Refer to the figure. Find N
the compass bearings of P the compass bearings of! T
(a) P from O, 22° (a) R from O,
(b) Q from O. (b) T from O. 47°
O O
81°
15°
Q R

!
Ex 10C 1(a)(i), (b)(i), (c)(i), (d)(i)

Example 2 Instant Drill 2

In the figure, the compass N In the figure, the compass N
bearing of B from A is N40°E. bearing of K from H is S68°W.
(a) Find θ. B (a) Find α. N
H
(b) Find the compass bearing N θ (b) Find the compass bearing α 68°
of A from B. of H from K. K
40° D
A
Sol (a) θ = 40° ! alt. ∠s, CA // DB Sol
(b) The compass bearing of ACfrom B is
S40°W.

3. In the figure, the compass N 4. If the compass bearing of F from G is

bearing of Q from P is N76°W, find the compass bearing of G
S33°E. Find the compass P from F.!
bearing of P from Q. Step 1: N
N 33° !
F ?
Mark ‘ ’ at Q first. !
G
Q
!
N
! Step 2: Mark ‘ ’ at F.
!
!
!
!
!
Ex 10C 2, 4!

29
10.3BTrue Bearing

True bearing is expressed in the form of y°, where y° is measured from the north in a
clockwise direction and 0 ≤ y < 360. The integral part of y must be written in 3 digits.
e.g. The true bearings of P, Q, R and S from O are:

009° 097.5° 220° 300.5°

Example 3 Instant Drill 3

Refer to the figure. Find N P Refer to the figure. Find N
the true bearings of the true bearings of 94°
(a) P from O, 25° (a) R from O, O R
Q 76°
(b) Q from O. (b) T from O. 32°
O
Sol (a) The true bearing of P from O is Sol (a) The true bearing of R from O is
T
025°. .
(b) With the notations in N (b) With the notations in N
the figure, the figure,
θ = 360° – 76° 76° θ
θ = 180° + ( )
Q O
= 284° =
# The true bearing of Q from O O # The true bearing of T 32° θ
is 284°. from O is .
T

5. Refer to the figure. Find the true bearings of N

(a) A from O, (b) B from O, (c) C from O, (d) D from O.
126°
D O

58° 40° A
C
B

Ex 10C 1(a)(ii), (b)(ii), (c)(ii), (d)(ii)

30
Example 4 Instant Drill 4
In the figure, the true bearing N In the figure, the true bearing N
of B from A is 069°. of D from C is 130°.
N 130°
(a) Find x. x (a) Find y. N
(b) Find the true bearing of (b) Find the true bearing of C
A from B. 69° B C from D. y
Sol (a) x + 69° = 180° A
Sol (a) y + = N D
x = 111° N y=
(b) With the notations in 130°
(b) With the notations in N
N
the figure, x the figure, C
θ = 360° – 111° θ= y
69° B
= 249° θ
# The true bearing ofA A from B # The true bearing of C from DD
θ
is 249°. is .
Ex 10C 3

6. In the figure, the true Q 7. In the figure, the true N

bearing of Q from P is 331°. N bearing of K from H is 245°.
Find the true bearing of P from Find the true bearing of H from
H
Q. K.
P 245°
K
331°

Ex 10C 5!

8. Refer to the figure. Find N 9. If the true bearing of B from A is 226°,

(a) the true bearing of Y
from X,
(b) the compass bearing
of Z from X.
! Y
(a) find the true bearing of A from B,
200°
X (b) find the compass bearing of A from B.
55°

Ex 10C 6! Ex 10C 7!

31
10.3C Practical Problems Involving Bearings

Example 5 Instant Drill 5

In the figure, Sam walks N N In the figure, B is 72 m due N
80 m due north from A to B, 70 m north of A. B and C are 90 m
then walks 70 m due east from B C apart. Find the compass bearing B
B to C. Find the true bearing of
80 m of C from B. 90 m
A from C. 72 m N
A
Sol From the question, ∠ABC = 90°. Sol
In #ABC, A C

80 m
tan ∠ACB =
70 m
∠ACB = 48.814°, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
" True bearing of A from C
= 270° – 48.814°
= 221°, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Ex 10C 9, 10

Example 6 Instant Drill 6

N N 152°
H 50 m K
35°

In the figure, point P is 20 km due west of The figure shows a market K which is 50 m
P 20 km T
town T. If a car moves from P in the direction due east of bus stop H. If Jane walks from H in
N35°E, find the shortest distance between the the direction of 152°, find the shortest distance
car and town T. between Jane and market K.
L Sol With the notations in the figure,
d = shortest distance construct KL ⊥ HL. N 152°
between T and line L
T β = 50 m K
H
β
Sol With the notations in the figure,
construct TM ⊥ PM. N L
θ = 90° – 35° = 55°
M
In !PTM, 35°
TM θ
sin θ =
PT P 20 km T
TM = PT sin θ
!
= 20 sin 55° km
= 16.4 km, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Ex 10C 11, 12
# The shortest distance between the car
and town T is 16.4 km.

32
10. Two ships A and B set out from the same pier O at 6:00 a.m. Ship A sails due N
south at a speed of 24 km/h while ship B sails due west at a speed of 30 km/h.
O
Find, at 9:00 a.m. on the same day,
B
(a) the compass bearing of B from A,
(b) the distance between A and B.

Ex 10C 13

 Level Up Questions
11. Refer to the figure. N
(a) Find the true bearing of A from B. N
(b) Find the compass bearing of B from C. B
160°
A

12. In the figure, ships Q and R are 135 km and 110 km from a pier P Q
respectively. The bearing of Q from R is N27°W and the bearing of P N
from R is S63°W. Find the distance between the two ships.
135 km 27°

R
63°
110 km
P

33
New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 3B

10 Applications in Trigonometry
Consolidation Exercise
10C

[ In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if
necessary.]

Level 1!!
1. Refer to the figure. Find the N
(i) compass bearing, P
(ii) true bearing 31°
18°
of each of the following points from O. S
(a) P (b) Q
(c) R (d) S 27°
R 43°
Q
2. In the figure, the compass bearing of Q from P is N50°E. N
(a) Find θ.
(b) Find the compass bearing of P from Q.
N θ
50°

3. In the figure, the true bearing of H from K is 250°. N

(a) Find θ.
N K
(b) Find the true bearing of K from H.
θ
250°
H

4. In the figure, the true bearing of B from A is 115°. N

Find the true bearing of A from B.
115°
A

34
5. Refer to the figure.
(a) Find the compass bearing of P from Y. Y N
(b) Find the true bearing of P from X. 56°
144°
P

6. In the figure, A is due west of B, and C is due south of B. It X

N N
is given that the compass bearing of C from A is S63°E and
the length of BC is 45 m. Find the length of AC. B
A
63° 45 m

C
7. In the figure, P, Q and R are the positions of three houses. Q
is 5 km due east of P, and R is 6 km due north of P. Find the N
compass bearing of Q from R. R

6 km
N N

8. In the figure, A is due north of B, and C is due west of B. P Q

N 5 km
If BC = 180 m and AC = 195 m, find the true bearing of C
from A. A

C B
9. In the figure, V is 7.5 km due north of U. A car travels N
from U in the direction 320° along a straight road. Find the
shortest distance between the car and V. V

7.5 km

U
320°

35
10. In the figure, Ben and Calvin set out from the same point O at N Ben
the same time. Ben runs due east at a speed of 7.2 km/h and
Calvin runs due south at a speed of 9.6 km/h. Find the compass O
bearing of Calvin from Ben after 4 hours.
Calvin

Level 2!!
11. Refer to the figure. Find the compass bearing of Y from Z. N

N
63°

12. Refer to the figure. Q

Z
(a) Find the compass bearing of P from R.
(b) Find the true bearing of R from Q.

N
109° 44°
R 36°
P
13. In the figure, the true bearing of B from A is 096°, N
AC = AB and ∠ABC = 37°. Find the true bearing of 96°
A
A from C. B
37°

36
14. In the figure, a race car travels 1.6 km due north from X, then travels 6 km due west. Finally, it
travels 4.8 km due south to Y.
6 km

1.6 km

X N
4.8 km

Y
(a) Find the compass bearing of Y from X.
(b) Find the distance between X and Y.

15. In the figure, Tom walks 370 m from his home at F in the direction 148° to a cinema at G, then
walks 160 m in the direction 058° to a restaurant at H.
N
148°
F

370 m H

N
58° 160 m

(a) Tom claims that FG ⊥ GH. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(b) How far does Tom walk along a straight road from the restaurant to his home? In what
direction does he walk?

37
16. In the figure, A and B are 3.9 km apart. O is the centre of a circular lake with diameter 4.5 km. It
is given that OA = OB, and the compass bearings of O from A and B are N40°E and N76°W
respectively.
N
148°
F

370 m H

N
58° 160 m

(a) Find the compass bearing of A from B.

(b) Lily claims that A and B are both located inside the lake. Do you agree? Explain your
answer.

17. In the figure, P, Q and R represent three bus stations. A bus R

travels 5 km from P in the direction 072° to Q, and then travels
in the direction 310° to R, which is due north of P. Find the
distance between P and R. N

Q
310°
72°
P 5 km

18. In the figure, a car travels from S to T in the direction N53°W, then travels in the direction
S26°W to U, which is 140 km due west of S. Suppose the speed of the car is constant
throughout the whole journey and the car takes 2 hours to travel from S to T. Find the time taken
for the car to travel from T to U.
N
T

26° N
53°
U
140 km S

38