2D CAD MANUAL

2D COMPUTER
AIDED
DRAFTING
MANUAL
NAME: ___________________________
COURSE & YR.:_____________________
INSTRUCTOR: ______________________
Republic of the Philippines
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Urdaneta Campus
Urdaneta City Pangasinan
☎ (075) 568-2568 ✉ http://psu.edu.ph
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Computer-Aided Drafting
Computer Aided Drafting and Design

Computer aided drafting and design (CAD) is the modern-day solution for
engineers that don’t want the inconvenience of bringing materials needed for drawing
like T-squares, triangle, etc. CAD replaces drawing materials through in-app
commands. Basic drawing commands bring about accurate and precise drawings
compared to conventional method thanks to computer algorithms. Commands like
line, replaces the ruler, circle replaces compass, and so on. Measuring device is no
longer needed because there is already imbedded system that measures every line
the user makes.
CAD Drawing
Familiarizing oneself to the user interface of CAD software is a big help,
especially for beginners. It is important to memorize locations of different controls or
commands. This helps the user to navigate the interface seamlessly. Luckily, as
complex as it may be, CAD has a user-friendly interface. Its commands / controls are
grouped together depending on their use. For example, draw commands like line,
polyline, circle, arc, etc. are clustered together. Buttons to navigate the different
perspectives of the drawing itself are all on the right side. Command bar can be pinned
wherever. There is also an option to make the bar dynamic where there’s no need to
click the command bar to input commands. These features only show how intuitive
and user friendly the software really is.
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1|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

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1. Application Menu
The big red “A” is the application menu button. On this menu, the quick access
toolbar (QAT) is displayed. Quick access toolbar has new, open, save, save as, import,
export, publish, print, drawing utilities, close and option buttons. These buttons allow
the user to change Object Snap options, Grip size, Color Scheme of the whole
application, and other settings related to the CAD application on a global level. Buttons
on the left side of the application menu does what its name suggest. New creates new
files, Open opens files, Save saves the current drawing, and so on.
2. Quick Access Toolbar (QAT)
Contains icons for commands qnew, open, qsave, saveas, plot, undo, and redo.
A B C D E F G
A – New, creates new blank drawing file.
B – Open, this allows the user to open an existing file.
C – Save, saves the current file.
D – Save as, saves a copy of the current drawing under a new file name.
E – Plot, prints the drawing to a file, printer, or a plotter.

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F – Undo, reverses recent changes on the drawing.

G – Redo, reverses the effect of the previous changes on the drawing made by
the undo command.
3. Ribbons
The ribbons are where commands to draw, modify, annotate, add layer and
many more are located. Home, insert, annotate, etc. are called tab. The bottom part
like draw, modify, annotate, etc. are called panel. The ribbons’ main function is to
enable the user to click the command instead of memorizing or typing the commands
to use.
A
C
A – Tabs, consists of different ribbons.
B – Ribbons, commands grouped together in terms of their use.
C – Button that extends the list of commands on the ribbon.
4. Viewport Controls
Default location is at top left corner of the drawing window. Controls view port
applied on the drawing.
A B C
A – Viewport Controls, shows controls to different viewport configurations,
tools, and display options of the current viewport in a layout.

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B – View Controls, controls for standard and custom views, and also the 3D
projections.
C – Visual Style Controls, button to access the standard and custom visual
styles.
5. View Cube
Default location is at top right corner of the drawing widow. User can view the
drawing as if it is the cube. Enables user to view different sides of the drawing. Has
26 views including the faces, edges, and corners of the cube.
6. Navbar
Default location is at middle right side of the drawing window. Has the
commands to navigate the drawing area such has pan, zoom, etc.
A – Full Navigation Wheel, shows different options for wheel navigation.
B – Pan, enables the user to drag the drawing around.
C – Zoom Extents, zooms the screen where the whole drawing fits the
whole screen.
D – Orbit, rotate view of the drawing on horizontal and vertical axis.
E – ShowMotion, cinematic camera animation for the whole drawing.

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7. UCS Icon
Default location is at bottom left corner of the drawing window. Shows the
current user coordinate system (UCS). UCS is the x, y and z axis of the drawing. On
default 2D drawing, z-axis is the line from the user eye to the drawing itself.
8. Layout Tab
Default location is at bottom left side of CAD. Situated below UCS icon. Tabs
used to visualize the drawing at different backgrounds or layouts. The plus sign on
the rightmost part adds additional layout.
9. File Tab
Default location is at top left side of CAD. Situated below ribbons, above
viewport controls. Shows the title of each opened drawing. The plus sign on the
rightmost part adds additional layout.

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10. Command Bar
Default location is at bottom middle side of drawing window. Shows current

command and the options available to alter existing command. Arrow on the right
(inverted triangle) shows the history of the used commands.
11. Status Bar
Default location is at bottom right corner of CAD. Shows the status of current
modes whether it’s on or off. Normally, turned on mode is color blue and off is color
gray.
A C E G I K M O Q
B D F H J L N P
A – Model or paper space, shows the drawing in model or paper layout.

B – Grid mode, displays grids on the drawing window.
C – Snap mode, adds snapping points on the drawing window.
D – Ortho mode, restricts the drawings to follow angles 0, 90, 180, and 270
degrees.
E – Polar tracking, restricts the drawings to follow specified angles.
F – Iso draft, toggles one of the three isometric drafting.
G – Object snap tracking, shows references for snapping drawings.
H – Object snap, enables drawings to be snapped on 2D reference points.
I – Annotation object, shows annotations.
J – Adds scales to annotated objects when annotation scale is changed.
K – Annotation scale, adjust the scale of the current view.
L – Workspace switching, adjusts the ribbons for Drafting, 3D basics, and 3D
modeling.

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M – Annotation monitor, adds annotation monitor on the status bar if toggled

on.
N – Isolate object, isolates objects on the drawing.
O – Graphics config, turn on or off the graphic acceleration.
P – Clean screen, displays CAD on full screen by hiding windows taskbar and
CAD ribbons.
Q – Customization, shows additional options to add or hide on the status bar.
12. Drawing window
Default location is at center of CAD. Drawing window is where all the drawings
happen. Can be zoomed in and zoomed out. If the values showing are large, try
zooming in using the scroll button on your mouse to see your drawing. Viewport
control, view cube, navbar, command bar and UCS icon overlaps drawing window.
Only one drawing can be shown in the drawing window (maximized) if multiple
drawings are open.

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Laboratory Exercise 1: Blank CAD Software
Aim: familiarization on different parts of the software and its uses
Software Used: Autodesk AutoCAD 2019
Commands Used: None
Identify and briefly explain the parts of the User Interface of CAD on the figure
above.

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CHAPTER 2
Geometry and Editing
2D Commands
On chapter 1, we have familiarized ourselves on different parts of the user
interface of CAD and its uses. Buttons on the interface of the program allows the user
to input commands like line, circle, trim, and many more. On this chapter, we will
focus on 2D commands. These types of commands on AutoCAD are normally used for
drafting and drawing. Here are some, but not limited to, basic actions and commands
that can be used on 2D CAD:
Basic Actions
Audit – check and remove errors from your work.
Closeall – close all the open windows in CAD.
Closeallother – close all windows except for the current window.
Co/copy – copies drawings.
Di/distance – measures distance between two points.
I/insert – insert existing drawing as a block.
Matlib – import or export from library.
Multiple – repeat command without having to press enter.
Oops – restore the last object deleted.
Op/option – opens option window.
Pasteclip – pastes copied object to current drawing.
Preview – see print preview of current drawing.
Qsave – autosave the current drawing.
Recoverall – recover and repair a corrupted or damaged drawing.
Ro/rotate – rotate an object.
Saveall – save all open drawings.
Sp/spell – spell checks selected texts.

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St/ddstyle – opens text style window.

Time – access information such as the date you created a certain piece of work, or
time spent editing a drawing.
Drawing
A/arc – creates arc.
Area – measures the area of open or closed object in a drawing.
Ar/array – makes rectangular, polar or path array.
B/block – create a block.
Bcount – counts the number of blocks in current drawing.
C/circle – creates circle.
Group – groups multiple objects.
Isolate – hides all objects except the selected objects.
L/line – creates line.
Mi/mirror – creates mirror copy of selected object.
Mline – creates multiple parallel lines.
Pl/pline – makes polyline.
Po/point – creates single point.
Pol/polygon – creates a polygon that has number of sides between 3 and 1024.
Rec/rectangle – creates rectangle.
Sketch – draw a freehand sketch.
Modifying
Base - alters base point of a drawing without changing its origin.
Break – creates a break or a gap in objects at one or two points.
Burst – explode a block but retains the drawing.
Cha/chamfer – makes sharp corners a slanted edge.
Divide – divides object into multiple equal segments.
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F/fillet – makes sharp corners round.

La/layers – opens layer properties.
Ma/matchproperties – copies properties of an object to another.
Mocoro – move, copy, rotate and scale an object.
Overkill – remove overlapping objects from drawing.
Sc/scale – changes scale of an object.
Scaletext – changes scale of text.
Textfit – changes size of text to fit the selected space
Texttofront – brings annotation to front
Tr/trim – trims shapes or lines
Units – alters unit setting of drawing
X/explore – break up an object into its individual components
Commands are easy to remember since it does what its name suggests, like the
command “line”, which as you have guessed, creates a line. There are also easy to
remember shortcut keys for those commands to further make your work more efficient. For
example, l is for line, c is for circle, sc is for scale, and many more. Taking advantage of the
commands and its shortcut key makes you faster and better operator than those who only
use buttons on the user interface.
As future engineers and CAD operators, memorizing commands and its shortcut has
many advantages. Of course, you do not need to know all, you just need the basic shortcuts
and the most used commands. Commands under the Draw and Modify ribbon are most
used. Drawing lines are on Draw ribbon. Modifying drawing commands, like trim, rotate,
stretch, etc. are all under modify ribbon. Learning the right command is one thing, knowing
how to execute the command properly is another.
Each command has a level of difficulty to use. For example, line command is easier
to use than text command. Some command requires a click from the mouse, others requires
keyboard inputs. Other command needs two or more steps for it to take effect, while other
only needs one. Mastery on CAD requires expertise on both command memorization and
application.
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Laboratory Exercise 2: Commands
Aim: familiarization on different commands, shortcuts, and user interface buttons of

the software and its uses.
Commands Used: commands under draw and modify ribbon
Identify commands and shortcuts and briefly explain the parts of the User Interface
of CAD under draw and modify ribbon. Give at least ten (10) on each ribbon.
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Laboratory Exercise 3: Engineering Drawing
Aim: To create an engineering drawing using basic commands on 2D CAD.
Commands Used: line, circle, trim, offset. Turn on necessary drawing tools.
TOP VIEW
Procedure:
1. Type the command “line”, press enter.
2. Specify first point. Let us start at corner A.
3. Move the cursor towards the next point (up). Enter the length of the line, 60 units.
4. Move the cursor towards the next point (left). This time enter 65 units as length of
the line.
5. Move the cursor towards the next point (down). Enter 14 units.
6. Move the cursor towards the next point (left). Enter 25 units.
8. Move the cursor towards the next point (right). Enter 25 units.
10. Move the cursor towards the next point (right). Select point A. there should be a
square symbol designating the “endpoint” of the vertical line on point A. Press esc to
cancel the “line” command.
11. Type the command “circle”, press enter.
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12. Select corner of point B to specify the center of the circle.

13. Specify the radius of the circle. On this case, the radius is 14 units.
14. Type the command “trim”, press enter.
15. Select objects you want to trim, on this case, select the circle and the lines
intersecting the circumference of the circle, press enter.
16. Select the lines you like to delete; those are the horizontal line and the larger part of
the circle. Press esc to cancel the “trim” command.
17. Select unnecessary lines then press delete.
18. Repeat steps 11 to 16 on point C.
20. On point D, find the midpoint of the vertical line. The symbol for midpoint is triangle.
21. Select the midpoint on point D to specify the center of the circle.
22. Specify the radius of the circle. On this case, the radius is 16 units.
23. Type the command “trim”, press enter.
24. Select the circle and the vertical line, press enter.
25. Trim the right side of the circle and delete the vertical line.
26. Draw vertical line starting on the corner of point B to point C.
27. Type the command “offset”, press enter.
28. To specify the offset distance, input 10 units then press enter.
29. Select the vertical line you just made. Move the cursor to the right then press the
left mouse button.
30. Select the vertical line from point A, move the cursor to the left, then press the left
mouse button. Press esc to cancel the “offset” command.
32. On point D, find the center of the circle. The symbol for center is a circle with cross
inside. Select the center to specify the center point for the circle.
33. Specify the radius of the circle, which is 4.5 units.
34. Make a vertical line on the midpoint of the line segment AC. The length is 13 units.
36. The center of the circle is at the top end of the vertical line you have just created.
Radius is 4.5 units.
37. Repeat steps 33 to 35, but this time, start the process on the top half of the
drawing. Make sure to delete the vertical reference lines.
Notes: Draw black lines on the figure ONLY.

After creating a drawing using commands, what do you think is easier to use, commands
or the buttons on ribbons? Why?
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Activity 3.1: Engineering Drawing (Continuation of lab exercise 3)
RIGHT VIEW
Commands: line, circle, trim, offset. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Notes: Some dimensions are on the figure on laboratory exercise 3. Draw black lines on
the figure ONLY. Use solid lines on your plate in place of dashed lines on the
figure.
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Activity 3.2: Engineering Drawing 1

Notes: Draw black lines on the figure ONLY. Use solid lines on your plate in place of
dashed lines on the figure.
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Notes: Draw black lines on the figure ONLY. Use solid lines on your plate in place of
dashed lines on the figure.
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Notes: Some dimensions are on the figure on Activity 3. Draw black lines on the figure
ONLY. Use solid lines on your plate in place of dashed lines on the figure.
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Laboratory Exercise 4: Area / Perimeter
Engineers often need to measure area and perimeter of things. This allows
them to visualize the object on reality. On CAD, there are commands to measure
such things on your drawing whether it is regularly or irregularly shaped. You can
even add and / or subtract areas from your drawing.
Aim: To learn to measure Area and Perimeter on CAD.
Commands Used: line, area, perimeter. Turn on necessary drawing tools.
Area: ___________ Perimeter: ___________
Procedure:
1. Recreate the figure above on CAD.
2. Type the command “area”, press enter.
3. Specify first corner point, let us start on corner A.
4. Specify next point, that is corner B.
5. Repeat step 4 alphabetically up until corner L.
6. After selecting corner L, select Total on command bar or simply press “T” on your
keyboard.
7. As you can see, Area and Perimeter of the drawing is displayed above the command
bar or on command history.
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Notes: Draw black lines on the figure ONLY. Solve for the area of the shaded part on the
figure.
Is it really easier to use the command “area” to measure the area and the perimeter
of your drawing on CAD compared to the conventional method of solving? Why?
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Activity 4.1: Area
Area: ___________ Perimeter: ___________
Commands: line, area. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Notes: Draw black lines on the figure ONLY. Solve for the area of the shaded part on the
figure.
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Laboratory Exercise 5: Mirror
There are many symmetrical geometries on our surroundings. Books, tables,

doorknobs, nuts, mugs, heart shape, maple leaves, and many more. AutoCAD has a
command called “mirror” to aid its operator on making symmetrical drawings.
Aim: To learn to apply the command mirror.
Commands Used: line, circle, trim, offset, mirror. Turn on necessary drawing tools.
Procedure:
2. Type the command “mirror”, press enter.
3. Select the whole drawing, press enter.
4. Specify first point of mirror line, on this case, select the lower left corner of the
drawing.
5. After selecting the first corner, select the corner on the upper left of the drawing.
6. The program will ask you to erase the source object (the drawing you have selected
is your source object), select “No”.
7. Repeat steps 2 to 6, but this time, select the upper left and upper right corner of the
new mirrored drawing.
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Notes: Draw black lines on the figure ONLY. Use offset distance of 2units for the circles.
Explain how mirror command works. What angles are allowed to use as mirror?
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Activity 5.1: Mirror
Commands: line, circle, trim, mirror. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

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Laboratory Exercise 6: Fillet
Fillet is a command used to round or fillet the edges of an object. In

engineering, fillet, or in technical terms “deburr”, is used to soften edges of
materials.
Aim: To learn to apply the command fillet.
Commands Used: line, circle, trim, offset, fillet. Turn on necessary drawing tools.
Procedure:
2. Type the command “fillet”, press enter.
3. Before selecting the first object, set radius of the fillet by clicking radius on the
command bar or by pressing “r” on your keyboard.
4. Specify fillet radius, press enter.
5. Select first object. The first object you would want to choose is the side of a corner.
6. After selecting the first object, select the second object. Choose the opposite side of
the corner.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 until all corners are filleted.
Notes: Do not put annotations on your drawing.

Explain the usefulness of the command fillet on your drawings as future engineers.
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Activity 6.1: Fillet
Commands: line, circle, trim, fillet. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

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Laboratory Exercise 7: Geometric Constructions
Almost everything on this planet has a pattern. Fibonacci sequence, Pascal’s

triangle, and many more, are some of the examples we can observe on nature. On
CAD, you can create drawings with minimal dimensions using nothing but patterns.
By using different drawing tools, you’ll be able to create geometric constructions.
Aim: To learn to analyze patterns of a drawing and to apply command divide.
Commands Used: Basic 2D commands, divide. Turn on necessary drawing tools.
Procedure:
1. Draw the circle with diameter equal to 100 units.
2. Draw a horizontal line from the left quadrant of the circle to the left quadrant.
3. Type the command “divide”, press enter.
4. Select the object to divide. On this case, choose the horizontal line.
5. Enter the number of segments, the segments needed for this exercise is 3, press
enter.
6. After dividing the object, nodes (nodes that separates the segments) are now
available for objects to snap.
7. Finish the figure above on CAD.
Notes: Do not put annotations on your drawing.

Are geometric constructions useful for you as future engineers? Why?
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Activity 7.1: Geometric Construction
Commands: Basic 2D commands. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

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CHAPTER 3
Working with Drawing and Templates
Drawing Templates
Now that you have learned basic drawing and modification commands and have
familiarized yourself on the user interface of CAD, let us talk about the usefulness of
drawing templates and the advantage of creating your own, personalized drawing
template. Making your own drawing template on CAD is like arranging the seat of your
car before driving, you don’t change the seat itself, you just set it on the setting you
prefer in order to drive safely and efficiently.
There are many ways to start drawing on CAD, one option is choosing a
template. Pressing the button “New” on the Quick Access Toolbar opens up the select
template window. On this window, you can select templates for your drawing like
acad, acad3D, acadISO, acadISO 3D, and many more. These templates tweaks your
workspace by adjusting settings accordingly. For example, acad3D opens a new
drawing where visual style is on realistic, view control is on perspective, properties tab
is open, and others.
However, there is an option to not chose a template to start drawing on CAD.
By pressing the plus button on the rightmost part of the file tab, a new cad file will
open with default settings. The user can later on change the settings according to his
needs.
CAD operators can also create a new template according to what they need.
Simply change the settings, modes, views, etc. on your current drawing. Open
application menu, press save as, then select drawing template. Type the name you
want for the new template, then click save.
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Laboratory Exercise 8: Drawing Template
Aim: Create and save personalized drawing template
Commands Used: None
Procedure:
1. Play around the interface of CAD.
2. Turn on/off settings base on what you frequently use.
3. Set your drafting settings, layer and layer properties, line type scale, dimension
styles, text styles, etc.
4. Open the menu browser by clicking the big red “A” button on the top left corner on
CAD interface.
5. Hover the cursor on the arrow on the right side of the Save As button.
6. When the Save As pane appears, click on Drawing Template.
7. On Save As window, type the file name and choose AutoCAD Drawing Template
(*.dwt) as files of type.
8. Press Save.
9. A template option window will appear. Input a brief description of your drawing
template.
10. Select either English or Metric as measurement.
11. On new layer notification, select whether you like to save all layers as reconciled or
unreconciled.
12. Press okay.
What do you think are the advantages on creating your own drawing template on
CAD?
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CHAPTER 4
Plotting CAD Drawing
Title Block
Computer Aided Drafting is usually used on technical drawings, where drawing
are required to be accurate. Instead of browsing countless drawing, tittle blocks are
used to identify basic information about the plate. Usual contents of title block are
plate title, date, drafter, organization, etc. Title blocks are used to label drawings.
In AutoCAD, you can insert your own title block template. To use a title block,
you may import your own creation, or use existing template installed alongside your
AutoCAD. To import your own template, you must first create your title block, then
save it on the desired folder on your computer. Following steps are on the next
laboratory exercise.
To setup layouts from layout tabs, simply click the desired layout, on this case,
layout2.
Right click on the layout2 tab then select “page setup manager” to open the
page setup manager window.
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The page setup manager window looks like the figure below. On the window,
select “modify”.
After selecting modify, the Page Setup – Layout2 window will pop up. This
window is where you can change paper size of your layout, plot area, plot style,
drawing orientation, and many more.
A
F
B
G
C
D H
I
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A – Printer/Plotter, this is where you can choose the printer or plotter device, or
file format you want to save the plotted drawing.
B – Paper Size, as its name suggests, this is where paper size of the selected layout
can be changed.
C – Plot Area, this option sets part of the drawing that will be plotted.
D – Plot Offset, offset distance of the plot window to the paper.
E – Plot Style Table, choose plot style to use and to whether display plot styles used
on the drawing or not.
F – Shaded Viewport Options, option for plot quality.
G – Plot Options, enable or disable plot options.
H – Drawing Orientation, select orientation of the drawing.
I – Plot Scale, scale used for plotting and measurement to be used.
There is also an option to use your own template or import existing templates.
To do this, locate “inserts” on tabs.
Under insert tab, press the insert ribbon. On the drop-down menu, choose
More Options. Insert window will pop up on the screen. Press browse button.
Select drawing window will pop. On this window, locate the folder where your
templates are saved or installed. On your laboratory exercise 9, this is the folder where
you would want to save your title block to avoid confusion of file locations in the near
future. For now, select the title block installed on your computer, press open, then
press ok. After specifying insertion point of your title block on your current drawing,
you’re done!
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Laboratory Exercise 9: Plotting
Aim: Create, save, and use title block templates.
Commands Used: Basic 2D commands, text. Turn on necessary drawing tools.
Procedure:
2. Type the command “text”, press enter.
3. Specify start point of text, or where you would want to type your text.
4. Specify height, on this case, 2 units. Type 2, press enter.
5. Specify rotation angle of the text, on this case, 0°. Press 0 (zero), press enter.
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6. Type the letters you want to enter. If finished, double press enter to save.
7. Repeat steps 2 to 6 until finished. Save the drawing on desired destination folder.
Are there any use of title blocks for you when you are already an engineer? Why?
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CHAPTER 5
Dimensioning
Annotations
Every line or object on CAD has a measurement. Annotations on CAD are all
based on those measurement unless the operator uses text override. CAD annotations
has many settings, like text size, dimension roundoff, arrowhead size, and many more.
There are different standards on Computer Aided Drafting annotations. These
standards varies on their annotation settings, and how annotations on the drawing
itself are used.
No matter the standard your company wants to follow, CAD drawings are
usually made in two parts, the Assembly drawing, and the detailed drawing. The
Assembly drawing is a 2D drawing where all the parts, assembled to form the finished
product, is showcased. This is where large dimensions, like overall length, width, and
height, are usually shown.
The complex part of the drawing is the detailed drawing. On this drawing, parts
of the whole assembly is carefully laid out. This is where small dimensions, like the
fillet of the edges, clearances, etc., are usually shown.
Alphabet of Lines
The alphabet of lines is a list of line symbols that are used on technical drawings
and computer drafting to represent the shape and describe the size of an object. Each
of the following lines are drawn at different thickness or darkness for contrast as well
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as according to the importance of the line. If two lines fall on top of another (coincide),
the more important line is shown. Visible lines take precedence over hidden lines and
center lines. Each type of line has precise symbolic meaning.
1. Visible Lines
• Dark heavy lines

• Show the outline and shape of an object
2. Detail Lines
• Medium lines
• Define features you can see in particular view
3. Hidden Lines
• Show surfaces, edges, or corners of the object that cannot be seen in

viewers’ eye
• Used to help clarify a feature, but can be omitted if they clutter a drawing
4. Section Lines
• Thin lines usually drawn at 45° angle

• Indicates the materials that has been cut out through a sectional view
5. Center Lines
• Thin line consisting of long and short dashes

• Shows the center of circles, arcs, holes, slots, paths of rotation, and
symmetrical objects
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6. Dimension/ 6.5. Extension Lines
• Show the length, width, and height of the features of an object

• Terminated by arrow heads at the end
• Used to show the starting and stopping points of a dimension
7. Leader Line
• Used to point to the dimension, feature or note that is too large to be

placed beside the feature itself
8. Construction Line
• Very thin lines used for preliminary sketch of a drawing
9. Cutting Plane
• Thick broken line that is terminated with short 90° arrow heads
• Shows where a part is mentally cut in half to better see the interior detail
10. Phantom Line
• Thin lines made up of long dashes alternating with pair of two dashes
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11. Short Break Line
• Used to break the edge of a surface of a part for clarity of a hidden

surface
12. Long Break Line
• Used to show that the middle section of an object has been removed so
it can be drawn on a smaller piece of paper
13. Cylindrical Break Line
• Used to show round parts that are broken in half to better clarify the
print or to reduce the length of the object
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Laboratory Exercise 10: Family of Lines
Aim: Learn and apply different family of lines.
Commands Used: Basic 2D commands, annotations. Turn on necessary drawing

tools.
Procedure:
2. Apply necessary lineweight (0.8mm, 0.5mm, and 0.3mm) on the drawing depending
on what is in on the alphabet of lines.
3. Locate the “Annotation” ribbon, select the preferred annotation to use.
4. Depending on the annotation you would want to use, the process on applying the
command differs. You can always follow and answer the command bar to apply any
command properly.
Why do we need to apply family of lines on our drawings? What is its significance?
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Activity 10.1: Dimensioning
Commands: Basic 2D commands. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Notes: Draw everything on the figure. Use your own Annotation style.

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2D COMPUTER

Computer Aided Drafting and Design

1|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

2. Quick Access Toolbar (QAT)

2|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

F – Undo, reverses recent changes on the drawing.

3|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

A – Full Navigation Wheel, shows different options for wheel navigation.

B – Pan, enables the user to drag the drawing around.

D – Orbit, rotate view of the drawing on horizontal and vertical axis.

E – ShowMotion, cinematic camera animation for the whole drawing.

4|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

5|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

10. Command Bar

Default location is at bottom middle side of drawing window. Shows current

11. Status Bar

A – Model or paper space, shows the drawing in model or paper layout.

6|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

M – Annotation monitor, adds annotation monitor on the status bar if toggled

12. Drawing window

7|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

Laboratory Exercise 1: Blank CAD Software

Aim: familiarization on different parts of the software and its uses

Software Used: Autodesk AutoCAD 2019

Commands Used: None

8|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

9|Computer-Aided Design Laboratory Manual

St/ddstyle – opens text style window.

F/fillet – makes sharp corners round.

Laboratory Exercise 2: Commands

Aim: familiarization on different commands, shortcuts, and user interface buttons of

Software Used: Autodesk AutoCAD 2019

Commands Used: commands under draw and modify ribbon

Laboratory Exercise 3: Engineering Drawing

Aim: To create an engineering drawing using basic commands on 2D CAD.

Software Used: Autodesk AutoCAD 2019

12. Select corner of point B to specify the center of the circle.

Notes: Draw black lines on the figure ONLY.

Activity 3.1: Engineering Drawing (Continuation of lab exercise 3)

Commands: line, circle, trim, offset. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Activity 3.2: Engineering Drawing 1

Commands: line, circle, trim, offset. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Activity 3.3: Engineering Drawing 2

Commands: line, circle, trim, offset. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Activity 3.4: Engineering Drawing 3

Commands: line, circle, trim, offset. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Laboratory Exercise 4: Area / Perimeter

Aim: To learn to measure Area and Perimeter on CAD.

Software Used: Autodesk AutoCAD 2019

Commands Used: line, area, perimeter. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Area: ___________ Perimeter: ___________

Activity 4.1: Area

Area: ___________ Perimeter: ___________

Commands: line, area. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Laboratory Exercise 5: Mirror

There are many symmetrical geometries on our surroundings. Books, tables,

Aim: To learn to apply the command mirror.

Software Used: Autodesk AutoCAD 2019

Activity 5.1: Mirror

Commands: line, circle, trim, mirror. Turn on necessary drawing tools.

Laboratory Exercise 6: Fillet

Fillet is a command used to round or fillet the edges of an object. In

Aim: To learn to apply the command fillet.

Area: _ Perimeter: _

Area: _ Perimeter: _