R Proposal

Table of Content
Chapter 1.......................................................2
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND................................2
Introduction..................................................2
Conceptual Framework..........................................5
Statement of the Problem......................................6
Hypothesis....................................................7
Significance of the Study.....................................7
Scope and Delimitation........................................8
Definition of Terms...........................................8
Chapter 2......................................................10
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES.....................10
Related Literature...........................................10
Related Studies..............................................14
Synthesis....................................................17
METHOD AND PROCEDURE.........................................18
Research Design..............................................18
Respondents of the Study.....................................18
Data Gathering Tool..........................................19
Data Gathering Procedure.....................................19
Statistical Tool.............................................20
Bibliography.................................................21
Curriculum Vitae.............................................23
F.L VARGAS COLLEGE, Inc.
Tuguegarao City
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only changed the way
people work but also how students conduct their studies. As
national lockdowns are implemented, working and studying at
home has become the norm, with some classes permanently
moving to online-based learning. To minimize social contact,
various countries perpetrate lockdown to restraint the
spread of infection. Thus, the boom of the usage of online
learning and the suspension of face-to-face instruction in
schools during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns
about the consequences for students learning.
Online learning is education that takes place over the
Internet. It is often referred to as “e- learning” among
other terms. However, online learning is just one type of
“distance learning” - the umbrella term for any learning
that takes place across distance and not in a traditional
classroom. It, has been found that students in higher
educational institutions that engaged in E-Learning,
generally performed better than those in face-to-face
courses. (Holley, 2002) found that students who participate

Tuguegarao City
3
in online Learning achieve better grades than students who
studied traditional approach.
Still a lot of students, teachers, and parents are not
thrilled about this method because of its many challenges.
Teaching and learning activities that are usually carried
out with face-to-face classes have turned into virtual
meetings in various online learning applications. In this
time of digitization, online education is not a new concept
for most of the population. It is no more an option but
rather a necessity for students to be part of the virtual
classroom. Now the several platforms are being used to
conduct classes zoom and google meet are among the most
used. Transitioning from face-to-face to online teaching can
be challenging but is also rewarding. It is challenging to
create a sense of social presence so that the online
students feel a part on the learning community. It is
difficult to assess the level of student learning and to
regularly communicate with them without being face-to-face.
Despite the fact that today’s learner Is digital native, the
use of technology for online learning can be overwhelming
and provide student motivation challenges. However, with the
proper supports from teachers, learners can be successful
within these online learning environments.

Tuguegarao City
4
Hence, this study aimed to investigate the level of
online learning and academic performance of first year and
second year Beed student of FLVC in terms of satisfaction,
students-teacher interaction and student performance. And
the purpose of this research was to find out if there’s
disadvantage and advantage impact to the students. And to
determine if how they overcome the struggles which they
encounter.
Tuguegarao City
Conceptual Framework
This conceptual framework provides evidence of academic
standards to the students.
Figure 1. Paradigm of the study.
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
I. How do the
respondent assess
the online learning
strategies along:
Academic
a. Online Performance of
the College of
discussion Techer Education
(BEED and BSED)
b. Quiz
student.
c. Performance
assessment
d. Summative
examination
Tuguegarao City
6
Figure 1. A diagram showing the difference between the
variables under study. The independent variables are the
online learning strategies in the class. The dependent
variable is the academic performance of the the student of
College of Techer Education.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to assess the effects of online
learning on the academic performance of the College of
Teacher Education (BEED and BSED) students of F.L Vargas
College, Inc. for A.Y 2022-2023.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the profile of the College of Teacher
Education (BEED and BSED) students of F.L Vargas
College, Inc. enrolled during the A.Y. 2022-2023:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Year Level
1.4 Parents educational attainment
1.5 Parents occupation
2. How do the respondents assess the effect of
online learning strategies on their academic performance
with regards to:

Tuguegarao City
7
1.
2.
2.1 Online discussion
2.2 Quiz
2.3 Performance assessment
2.4 Summative assessment
3. Is there a significant relationship between the
effects of online learning and the academic performance
of College of Teacher Education
Hypothesis
This study was guided by the following hypothesis:
H0: There is no significant relationship between
online learning and academic performance of College of
Teacher Education students.
Significance of the Study
The researchers believe that this study will be
significant to the following individual:
Future Researcher. this study can help future
researchers to get data, information, ideas and concepts to
improve their study and lead them to have better research
relating to online learning and academic performance of the
students.
Instructors. this will give additional information to
the teacher about the impact of online learning to the

Tuguegarao City
8
progress among first year and second year BEED student and
will help to understand the impact of online learning on the
student progress of their learner and may serve as an eye
opener on how they will handle then in the online learning
environment.
Parents. this study is to provide awareness of how
online learning gives the impact of the academic performance
of the student. It will help the parents to guide, focus,
and give attention to the student’s academic performance.
Researchers. The study will better enable them to
understand the strategies that they need to develop for them
in online learning to improve their academic performance.
School Administrators. The result of this study could
serve as a baseline data to find out what is needed to
improve online learning for student progress.
Students. the direct recipients of the output of this
research are the first year and second year college teacher
education students. This study will help them to open minds
about online learning and academic performance in terms of
online learning.
Scope and Delimitation
This study was conducted at FL. Vargas College
Tuguegarao Campus in the A.Y. 2022-2023. The respondents

Tuguegarao City
9
were the 2 nd
and 4 th
year students from College of Teacher
Education.
This study involved the grades of the respondents as
reference to their academic performance needed for the
evaluation of the problem.
Definition of Terms
To help the reader and other researchers understand the
study, the variables and other difficult terms are defined.
The following words is use in this study were readers
and other researchers will understand the meaning of the
words.
Academic Performance. is the measurement of student
achievement across various academic subject. Teacher and
education official typically measure achievement using the
classroom performance, graduation rates and results from
standardized tests.
Effect. is a change that is caused in a person or thing
by another person or thing.
Online Learning. is educational that takes place over
the internet. It is often referred to as “e-learning” among
other terms. However, online learning is just one type of
“distance learning” the umbrella term for any learning that
takes place across distance and not in a traditional
classroom.
Tuguegarao City
10
Student Progress. monitoring is a practice that helps
teachers use student performance data to continually
evaluate the effectiveness of their teaching ang makes more
informed instructional decision.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This study presents the various related literature and
studies that show relevance or relationship with the present
study.
Related Literature
Foreign
During the COVID-19 epidemics, how to carry out
effective online learning and how to improve the efficiency
of online. From the standpoint of integrating online and
offline activities.
Aristovnik et al. analyzed how students perceive the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in several factors affecting
their lives at a global level. Students with certain socio-
demographic characteristics (male, part-time, first-level,
applied sciences) were significantly less satisfied with
their academic performance. The COVID-19 confinement had a

Tuguegarao City
11
significant positive effect on the academic performance of
students.
It helped to improve students' learning strategies to a
more continuous habit, improving their efficiency. In other
research, an online survey focused on level of satisfaction
of online learning among Ghanaian international students in
higher educational institutions in China
The use of educational technologies in higher education
the switch from in-person instruction to online instruction,
learning exercises and five transition difficulties Higher
education's experience with online education organizations
that provide synchronous and asynchronous learning
integration of tools, student and faculty access to
technology proficiency with the internet, academic
dishonesty, privacy, and were named, but kept confidential
Moorhouse and Kohnke (2020) emphasized the significance
of resources and tools. elements of a virtual learning
space. The instant in online learning, information was
frequently exchanged. using software for video conferences
like Zoom and Skype. Reddy and colleagues (2021) developed
an online learning consisting of a framework and a learning
intervention module technology, information, and media
(computer, visual communication literacy) in light of the
difficulties created by improvement of digital literacy.

Tuguegarao City
12
The issues with, benefits of, and obstacles with using
e-learning alternative to standard education systems in
higher surveys and empirical tests revealed information
about education. the University of Benghazi's instructors
and students were conducted. Leaders in online collaborative
learning who were qualified were superior towards
encouraging the growth of partners' skills.
According to Haataja's research, surveillance could
excellent collaboration between team members and ongoing
various tasks including collaborative learning. online role
and behavior Kim et al. (2020) categorized online learners
into learning subjects. into transformational leaders and
exchange leaders.
Derived the original index values from the autonomous
intellectual online teaching platform property rights,
analyzing and summarizing particular aspects of online
learning behavior groups, which offered a focused foundation
for strengthening the College learning interest and
knowledge mastery level students, as well as better
instructional quality. The Influential factors influencing
the conduct of university students and aspirations to use
social media were discovered enhance students’ academic
success during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tuguegarao City
13
Local
A novel coronavirus outbreak known as COVID-19 started
in China in December of 2019 and quickly expanded to other
parts of the world in the next few months. A novel
coronavirus strain that targets the respiratory system is
what causes COVID-19, an infectious disease (World Health
Organization, 2020). Over 1.5 billion children have been
impacted by the huge disruption this pandemic has caused in
the educational sector. It has compelled the government to
postpone national exams, as well as forcing schools to
temporarily close, stop teaching in-person, and carefully
adhere to physical distance.
Schools and other learning spaces were forced to
migrate to full online learning as the world continues the
battle to control the vicious spread of the virus. Online
learning refers to a learning environment that uses the
Internet and other technological devices and tools for
synchronous and asynchronous instructional delivery and
management of academic programs
Online learning has assumed the role of temporary
remote instruction in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario, acting
as a response to an emergency. The transition to a new
learning environment has, however, been hampered by
significant issues with policy, pedagogy, logistics,

Tuguegarao City
14
socioeconomic considerations, technology, and psychosocial
issues
(Donitsa-Schmidt & Ramot, 2020; Khalil et al., 2020;
Varea & González-Calvo, 2020). Government education
organizations and institutions raced to develop policies
that would include governance, teacher management, and
student management. Despite their lack of technological
literacy, teachers who were accustomed to traditional
teaching methods had to adopt technology. Online learning
webinars and peer assistance systems were introduced to
address this issue.
On the part of the students, dropout rates increased
due to economic, psychological, and academic reasons.
Academically, although it is virtually possible for students
to learn anything online, learning may perhaps be less than
optimal, especially in courses that require face-to-face
contact and direct interactions.
Related Studies
Foreign
Amrai et al. showed a positive and significant
correlation between academic motivation and achievement in a
sample of Iranian students. The hypothesized network of
variables depicted class interaction as a mediator of system
expectancy and skills acquisition. The authors explored the

Tuguegarao City
15
mediating effects of class interaction in the online
learning environment, the combined impact of teaching
presence and student engagement, and the relationship
between system expectancy and teaching presence.
There are conflicting reports on the relationship
between motivation and academic achievement. 280 students
showed that there was no significant relationship between
teacher motivation and student performance. The impact of
COVID-19 on college students' mental health and coping
mechanisms has been examined. Copeland et al. (2021)
reported that the pandemic adversely affected students'
behavioral and emotional functioning.
Students dealt with the situation by seeking help from
teachers and relatives and engaging in recreational
activities. The combined model of online teaching with
flipped classrooms improved students' attention, academic
performance, and course evaluation.
A study by Hew et al. (2020) transformed conventional
flipped classrooms into fully online flipped classes through
a cloud-based video conferencing app. Their findings
suggested that these two types of learning environments were
equally effective. Suryaman et al. (2020) looked into how
learning occurred at home during the sobstacles in a home
learning environment. These included lack of mastery of

Tuguegarao City
16
technology, high Internet cost, and limited
interaction/socialization.
Aside from that, Some studies have focused on students'
experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their findings
indicated that students appreciated the use of online
learning during the pandemic. However, half of them believed
that the traditional classroom setting was more effective
than the online learning platform. Students generally
perceive synchronous online learning positively,
particularly in terms of time management and efficacy.
However, they also report technical (internet
connectivity and poor utility of tools) and behavioral
(content delivery) challenges. One study examined students'
online experience during the Ghanaian pandemic using a
narrative inquiry approach.
Local
The students also reported some challenges that they
faced during their online classes. These include anxiety,
depression, poor Internet service, and unfavorable home
learning environment, which were aggravated when students
are marginalized and from remote areas.
According to, Contrary to Kapasia et al.’s (2020)
findings, Gonzales et al. (2020) found that confinement of

Tuguegarao City
17
students during the pandemic had significant positive
effects on their performance. They attributed these results
to students’ continuous use of learning strategies which, in
turn, improved their learning efficiency.
Moreover, looked into the effects of lockdown on
pupils' learning performance in a related study. Their
conclusions showed that the lockout seriously interfered
with students' ability to learn. The students also mentioned
various difficulties they ran into while taking their
classes online. These include social exclusion, sadness, bad
Internet, and negative home learning environments, which are
made worse when children come from these backgrounds.
Gonzales et al. (2020), in contrast to Kapasia et al.
(2020), discovered that keeping pupils in their classrooms
during the pandemic had a significant favorable impact on
their academic performance. They explained these outcomes by
students' ongoing usage of learning techniques, which in
turn increased the effectiveness of their learning. There
were also many that concentrated on how the COVID-19
pandemic affected students' overall online learning
experiences.
Synthesis
This study is
Tuguegarao City
18
Chapter 3
METHOD AND PROCEDURE
This chapter would present the research design,
respondents of the study, data gathering tool, data
gathering procedure and statistical tool.
Research Design
The study used descriptive-correlational design. This
is applicable to the study because it is to describe the
relations of online learning on the Performance of 2nd and
4th year students from the College of Teacher Education at
F.L Vargas College Inc. A.Y 2022-2023, and also to describe
the respondents’ levels of satisfaction on their study
during online learning with the use of survey questionnaire.
It is correlational study because it aims to look into a
statistical significance among variables under this study.

Tuguegarao City
19
Respondents of the Study
This study will make use random sampling from the
College of Teacher Education (BEED and BSED) students of F.L
Vargas College Inc. for the academic year 2022-2023. The
respondent will be the 2nd Year and 4th year
In order to determine the profile of the respondents,
the frequency count and percentage distribution were
employed.
Table 1: shows the distribution of the respondents.
Distribution of the respondents
Respondents Sample(n)
2nd year 16
4th year 39
Total 55
Data Gathering Tool
The following tool used to make data collection more
feasible.
The questionnaire we created was divided into two
sections: the first section includes a personal profile of
each of our respondents. The second part will determine the
effects of online learning on the academic performance of

Tuguegarao City
20
the College of Teacher Education (BEED and BSED) of F.L
Vargas College Inc. for the A.Y 2022-2023
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher will request approval from the Dean of
the College of Teacher Education and the Executive Vice-
President of F.L. Vargas College Inc. to conduct the study
in order to guarantee the respondents' cooperation in the
data collection process. The researcher will also write a
letter asking for permission to survey respondents about the
data. A questionnaire will be used to gather data in order
to support the validity of the data.
Statistical Tool
The main tool used in gathering the needed data is the
questionnaire. The questionnaire was pre-tested and
validated before it was finally administered to the
respondents. Informal interview was likewise made to
supplement and validate the responses given in the
questionnaire.
The data was tabulated and analyzed using frequency
counts, percentage, and Likert. The use of frequency counts
and percentage show how the respondents are relatively
young. The Likert also show how was the delivery of the
information’s from the teacher. The data were treated using
statistical application such as SPPS.

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Bibliography
A. Books
Barrot, J. S., Llenares, I. I., & Del Rosario, L. S. (2021).

Students’ online learning challenges during the
pandemic and how they cope with them: The case of the
Philippines. Education and information
technologies, 26(6), 7321-7338.
B. Journal/Article
Maatuk, A. M., Elberkawi, E. K., Aljawarneh, S., Rashaideh,

H., & Alharbi, H. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and E-
learning: challenges and opportunities from the
perspective of students and instructors. Journal of
computing in higher education, 34(1), 21-38.
Herguner, G., Son, S. B., Herguner Son, S., & Donmez, A.
(2020). The Effect of Online Learning Attitudes of
University Students on Their Online Learning
Readiness. Turkish Online Journal of Educational
Technology-TOJET, 19(4), 102-110.
C. Unpublished materials
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Deepika-Nambiar/
publication/
Tuguegarao City
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343229234_The_impact_of_online_learning_during_COVID-
19_students'_and_teachers'_perspective/links/
5f1e4faea6fdcc9626b67cd4/The-impact-of-online-learning-
during-COVID-19-students-and-teachers-perspective.pdf
D. Electronics/Online Resources
Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and

online learning: the challenges and
opportunities. Interactive learning environments, 1-13.
Li, X., & Pei, Z. (2022). Improving effectiveness of online

learning for higher education students during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
Li X, Odhiambo FA and Ocansey DKW (2023) The effect of

students’ online learning experience on their
satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: The
mediating role of preference. Front. Psychol.
14:1095073. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1095073
Lapitan Jr, L. D., Tiangco, C. E., Sumalinog, D. A. G.,

Sabarillo, N. S., & Diaz, J. M. (2021). An effective
blended online teaching and learning strategy during
the COVID-19 pandemic. Education for Chemical
Engineers, 35, 116-131.
Tuguegarao City
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Curriculum Vitae
PERSONAL DATA:
NAME: Kristine C. Villanueva
AGE: 20
CIVIL STATUS: Single
BIRTHDATE: November 16, 2002
BIRTHPLACE: Nagsabaran, Amulung, Cagayan
PARENTS:
MOTHER’S NAME: Cristina M. Villanueva
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ELEMENTARY:
ELEMENTARY: Nagsabaran, Elementary
YEAR GRADUATED: 2013-2014
SECONDARY: Bayabat National High School,
La Suerte Extension
TERTIARY: Florencio L. Vargas College, Tuguegarao
DEGRE: Bachelor of Elementary Education
LIFE ‘s PRINCIPLE: "Take full advantage of opportunities to
learn more about self and career"
PERSONAL DATA:
Tuguegarao City
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NAME: Elijane L. Dayacus
AGE: 20
BIRTHDATE: January 20,2002
BIRTHPLACE: Kittag, Sanchez Mira, Cagayan
PARENTS:
FATHER’S NAME: Edison N. Dayacus (desease)
MOTHER’S NAME: Marissa L. Dayacus
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
ELEMENTARY: Illuru, Elementary, School
SECONDARY: Illuru National High school
DEGREE: Bachelor of Elementary Education
LIFE ‘s PRINCIPLE: "For those who have a dream, a plan, and
the willpower to make it happen, everything is possible.
Whatever the case."
PERSONAL DATA:
NAME: Deiny Diane A. Simangan

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25
AGE: 21
BIRTHDATE: September 19, 2001
BIRTHPLACE: Cabuluan, Alcala, Cagayan
PARENTS:
FATHER’S NAME: Ronnie P. Simangan
MOTHER’S NAME: Judeline A. Simangan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
ELEMENTARY: Cabuluan, Elementary, School
SECONDARY: Afusing National High School
DEGREE: Bachelor of Elementary Education
LIFE ‘s PRINCIPLE: "We get educated to learn, we learn to
survive, and surviving to educate others."
Personal Data:
Name: Almira C. Batan
Age: 23
Civil Status: Single

Tuguegarao City
26
Birthdate: December 18, 1999
Birthplace: Dalaoig, Alacala Cagayan
Parents:
Father’s Name: Herminio L. Batan Sr.
Mother’s Name: Melchora C. Batan
Educational Background Elementary:
Elementary: Dalaoig, Elementary School
Year Graduated: 2011-2012
Secondary: Saint Philomene of Alcala Inc.
Year Graduated: 2017-2018
Tertiary: Florencio L. Vargas College, Tuguegarao
Degree: Bachelor of Elementary of Education
Life Principle’s: “Do the right thing, even when no one is
watching.”

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Table of Content

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND................................2

Statement of the Problem......................................6

Significance of the Study.....................................7

Scope and Delimitation........................................8

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES.....................10

METHOD AND PROCEDURE.........................................18

Respondents of the Study.....................................18

Data Gathering Tool..........................................19

Data Gathering Procedure.....................................19

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only changed the way

people work but also how students conduct their studies. As

national lockdowns are implemented, working and studying at

home has become the norm, with some classes permanently

moving to online-based learning. To minimize social contact,

various countries perpetrate lockdown to restraint the

spread of infection. Thus, the boom of the usage of online

learning and the suspension of face-to-face instruction in

schools during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns

about the consequences for students learning.

Online learning is education that takes place over the

Internet. It is often referred to as “e- learning” among

other terms. However, online learning is just one type of

“distance learning” - the umbrella term for any learning

that takes place across distance and not in a traditional

classroom. It, has been found that students in higher

educational institutions that engaged in E-Learning,

generally performed better than those in face-to-face

courses. (Holley, 2002) found that students who participate

studied traditional approach.

Still a lot of students, teachers, and parents are not

thrilled about this method because of its many challenges.

Teaching and learning activities that are usually carried

out with face-to-face classes have turned into virtual

meetings in various online learning applications. In this

time of digitization, online education is not a new concept

for most of the population. It is no more an option but

rather a necessity for students to be part of the virtual

classroom. Now the several platforms are being used to

used. Transitioning from face-to-face to online teaching can

be challenging but is also rewarding. It is challenging to

create a sense of social presence so that the online

students feel a part on the learning community. It is

difficult to assess the level of student learning and to

regularly communicate with them without being face-to-face.

Despite the fact that today’s learner Is digital native, the

use of technology for online learning can be overwhelming

and provide student motivation challenges. However, with the

proper supports from teachers, learners can be successful

within these online learning environments.

online learning and academic performance of first year and

second year Beed student of FLVC in terms of satisfaction,

students-teacher interaction and student performance. And

the purpose of this research was to find out if there’s

disadvantage and advantage impact to the students. And to

determine if how they overcome the struggles which they

This conceptual framework provides evidence of academic

standards to the students.

Figure 1. Paradigm of the study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

the online learning

variables under study. The independent variables are the