ON OF RESUL.

TS:

The Califormia Bearing Ratio test is penetration test meant for the evaluation of subgrade
strength of roads and pavements. The results obtained
by these tests are used with the empirical
curves to determine the
thickness of pavement and its component layers. This is the most
used method for the design of flexible
widely
pavement. Generally the CBR value at 2.5 mm penetration
will be greater than that at 5 mm and in such a case the former is taken
for design purposes. If the
Smm value is
greater the test is repeated, if the same results follow. the, CBRvalue
corresponding to 5 mm penetration is adopted for design purposes.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr. Penetration Load Load

No (mm) (KN) (Kg)
Sr.
No PenetrationLoad
(mm)
(kN)
(Kg)
Load

0.0 14. 6.5

0.5
2.3929 2614
0
1.0
30114 301.
16.
1.5
o566256% .5
3- 12.So 312.5
8.0
.2102 321.0
18. 8.5
2.5
L.oSI 1oSL 19. 9.0
3.0
.3352133S 20.
346545466
L.sg09i5S0 9.5 ST 3S1
3.5
2. 10.0 2. 6369 3436
4.0 10.5
2.045 264.5 9 82G 360.6
10. 4.5 11.0 3.20 1353.2
11. S.0
a.21s4 12.6/ 11.5 3.3443 314. 4
5
24HSl2uaZ 12.0 . u 403.4
13. 6.0
9.SS2sgS 12.5 .Iu L14,4
l9.9293l929 26
presenting
 Area of the plunger 21 220
7ero Correction 0.S M
Corrected Load at 2 5 mm penetration 6O
Pressure at 2.5 mm
penetration O-9242

Corrected Load at 5.0

penetration
mm
2Go
Pressure at 5.0 mm penetration .f61
Standard pressure for 2.5 mm penetration
Standard pressure for 5.0 mm penetration O. Ou
C.BR at 2.5 mm
1.6
C.B.R at 5.0 mm
196S
Recommended C B.R

cONCLUSION: The ceR Dalue o 2-5n m peneboaticn

is less +h eu to ceR
value a Somm
Penetoadom
TEManualA2.pdf
3 3/37 66.7%

150
125
too

to 13
 66/37 75%

thirds, ench third being subjected

to 25 stokes from tamping rod
sample is added in

5. The surface is leveled and the plungcr 1s insertcd so that it rests horizontally on the surface
The whole assembly is then placed between the platens of testing machine and loaded at a
uniform rate so as to reach a load of 40 tons in 10 minutes
the cup and sieved on 2.36
The load is then released and all aggregatc is removed from
mm.
6
IS sieve until no further significant amount passes in one minute.
7. The fraction passing the sieve is weighed to an accuracy of0.1 g (W:)

OBSERVATION TABLE

Sr.
Description Sample-I Sample-I1
No
Original weight ofthe agregate passing through
12.5 mm 1S sieve and retained on 10 mm IS 9.46
sievei.e. weight W
Weight of the aggregate passing through 2.36 1. 21
mm1Ssieve afterthetesti.e. weight W
Weight of the aggregate rctain on 236 mm 1S
1.53
sicve after the test i.e. weight W-W
Crushing value xl00 49.5
AveageCrushing value =8.34%

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS:
The ageregate crushing value for good quality aggregate to be used in base course shall
not exceed 45 % and value for surface course shall be less than 30%

LIMITS OF AGGREGATES CRUSHING VALUES FOR DIFFERENT TYPE OF ROADS

Sr. Aggregate Crushing Value

No Types of Pavement/Roads

Flexible pavements
1. Water Bound Macadam, Bituminous bound macadam 40%
Bituminous surface dressing, Dense mix carpet 30%
Rigid pavements
3. Surface or wearing course 30%
4Otherthan wearing course 45%

11
ManualLA2.pdf x

37 75%

cONCLUSION:
he
ao, So that
aggteaaBe coushima alue is 3nobe them
t Con loe used 1nf ler1tole povemen+s
as caBes boumd MaCada m
macadam and f
tursnieus boume
-tos Riafd paveanent, ît is cmoseA4hen
t is Bo", #he
usel o s Suoface ot aoe Cous e .

(e
15//19
ManualA2.pdfx

9 /37 75%

less than original by over one gram the result should be discarded and a fresh test made. The
above test is repcated on fresh aggregate sample.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr. Sample-I1
No
Description Sample-I
Original weight ofthe aggregate passing through
12.5 mm IS sieve and retained on 10 mm IS
O.334
sievei.e. weightW
Weight of the aggregate passing through 2.36
O066
mmISsieveafterthe testi.e. weight W
Weight of the aggregate retain on 2.36 mm IS
sieve after the test i.e. weight Wi-W O. 2 uG
W
4.
Impactvalue=x100
W 96.84
Average Impact vajre- 26.34 %
15

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS:
Chief advantages of aggregates impact test is that it determined the resis ance to impact of stones
simulating ficld condition. The test can be perfomed in a short time even at construction site or
at stone quarry. as the apparatus is sample and portable. Well shaped cubical stones provided
higher resistance to impact when compared with flaky and elongated stones. For deciding the
Suitability of soft aggregates in base course construction, this test has becn commonly used. A
modified impact test is also often carmied out in the case of soft aggregates to find the wet impact
value after soaking the rest samples. Based on the work reported by different agencies, the
Tollowingrecommendations have been made assess the suitability soft
construction
10 10/37 75%
suitability of soft aggregates in base course construction, this test has been commonly used. A
modified impact test is also often carried out in the case of soft aggregates to find the wet impact
value after soaking the rest samples. Based on the work reported by different agencies, the
tollowing recommendations have been made assess the suitability soft aggregates for road
construction

RECOMMENDED AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUES

Sr.
Aggregate Impact Type of aggregates
No Value
1. 10% Exceptionally strong (Too strong)
10% to20% Strong
3. 20% to 30% Satisfactory for theroad surface
4.35
% Weak for road surface
MAX. PERMISSIBLE AGGREGATES IMPACT VALUES FOR DIFFERENT TYPE OF PAVEMENTS

Sr. Maximum Aggregate

No
Types of Pavement Impact Value
(IRC Recommendation)
Bituminous surface dressing, Penetration macadam,
bitumen conerete and cement concrete wearing course 30%
Bituminous bound macadam 35%
3. WBM base course with bitumen surfacing 40%
4. Cement concrete base
course 45%

CONCLUSION:
83egake impact value is Saic kactory foo ***
oad suaface. Amd As pen IRG, Ous
aggoegate impdc
Palue 1s less hen
bo. so1 s dsecl a ous

uace droess AMg Penebr6aiión eitu

oncsete .
maca da mbitu
&enbe
16
Manual A2.pdf
18 18/37 75%

Many agencies have specified the desirable limits of the test, for different mcthods of pavements
constructicon. The maximum allowable Los Angeles Abrasion values of aggregates as spceificd

by Indian Roads congress for different methods of construetion are given Dciow

MAX ABRASION VALUE FOR DIFFERENT

SURFACES

Sr. Max. permissible Los Angeles

No
Type of Surface Abrasion Value %

Water Bound Macadam and sub base 60

course
WBM basecourse with bituminous surface dressing 50
Bituminous Bound Macadam S0
4. WBM 40
surfacing course 40
5. Bituminous penetration macadam
6. Biluminous surface dressing, cement concrete surlace 35
course Bound Macadam
7. Bituminous concrete surface course 30
8. Cement Concrete 16
As per 1SS

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr.No. Deseription Sample- Sample-I1

1 Ornginal Weight of aggregate= W gms. 5
Weight ofmaterial retain on 1.70 mm
2 .262
IS-sieveafter test-W gms
3.
Weight ofpassing-(W,-W) gms o.
Abrasion Value in % 100 Au. 36
Avg. Abrasion value

cONCLUSiON: ,
ja1.36
Alrsa sion 9alue oj aTUen sasnple
161. 60 it is cemesi
asc Ts less hem used as
Comcsete.

25
 Experiment-5 Date: 26 1+l1g

AGGREGATESHAPE TEST
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the valuce of flakiness and
elongation Indices of given aggregates.
cONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE: ( S -22s6)
The particle shape of aggregate is determine
Cpadt1)
particles contained in it. In the case of by the percenkage of flaky and elongated
course and construction
gravel it is determined by its angularity number. For base
of bituminous and cement concrete
clongated particles are considered undesirable as types, the presence of flaky and
possibilities of breaking down under heavy loads. they may cause inherent weakness with
concrete road Rounded aggregates are preferred
in cement
construction the
desirable for granular base course workability concrete improves. Angular shape of particles is
as
of
due to increased stability derived from the
better
Thus evaluation of
shape particles, particularly with reference to flakiness, interlocking.
of
angularity is necessary elongation of
Flakiness Index: The flakiness index of
whose least dimension aggregates id the percentage by weight of particles
(thickness) less than three fifth (0.6) of their mean dimension.
is
is not applicable to sizes smaller than 6.3 mm. The test

Elongation Index: The elongation index of an

aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles
whose greatest dimension
(length) greater than one and four fifth times (1.8 times) their mean
is
dimension. The elongation test is not
applicable to sizes smaller than 6.3 mm
APPARATUS:
The apparatus consists of a standard thickness gauge shown ir
63, 50, 40, 31.5, figure IS sieve of sizes
25,20,16,12.5,10 and 6.3 mm and a balance to
weight the samples
PROCEDURE:
1.The sample is sieved with the sieves
mention in table, A Minimum of 20
fraction to be tested are taken and pieces oft cach
2. Each fraction is then
weighted in order to separate flaky materials
gauged for thickness on a thickness gauges shown in figure or in
on sieves
having elongated slots.
bu
3. The width of the
slot used should be of the dimensions
in column (3) of
specified table to
the appronriatr size of
 Size of ag2regate Agregate zgregate
Passing on Retained
F El
No IS siese S sieve
w (gn) (R) (gm)
Wx 100%
w100 %
95 30
50 330 980 f06
21.S 154 356
B1.S 25 g06 366
20 S06 190 1l3 13.01
20 16 954 26 186
I6
12.5 36
19.S 10 62 22
6.3 20
10

Total weights

Weight of the aggregate raker for the test (W) G o b d g s

Elongation Index: 16.01

Flakiness Index: 1B
CALCULATION:

FT h 9 4 Ioo FT 295 1o0

19526 L9526
11-34 6.01

cONCLUSION:
As per TAc, tlainess ioder is less thon 15.
T+is sui table Fos povement smd comstsuc t i

6 l e

21
 SPEL
wEY
FAEUTHCk BITENtEN
Grades

Orifice sire (m)

Test temperature(°C}
25
25 5 5
Viscosity (seconds) 25-75 | 50-150 10-20 2627 14-45 60-140

TENPERNTURE AND RANGE OF VISCOSITY FOR ROAD TAR

sPECIFIED TEST

Road Tar type RT-RT-2 RT-1 RT-4 RT-5

Orifice size tmm) 10 10 J0 0 10
Testtemperature ('C) 45 4S 5
35.70
Viscosity(seconds) 33-55 30-55 35-60 35-70

INTERPRETATION OF RESULT:

the orifice gives an indirect measure

The detemnination of time of flow of binder through Viscesity
of iscosity of tars and cutbacks. Higher the
duration of flow. greater is the viscosity.
classification. The viscosity of a particular
gade of road
ot binder is one of the criteria for their
Binders having very low
as given in tables.
r or cutbeck bitumen should fall vithin the range
cold wealler conditions High vscosity
DCOty can advantageously used in excoptionaly
be
bmiders haveto be heated before their application.

OBSERVATIONS:
Go'c
L. Specified test temp
2. Test lemp.
3. Room temp.
4. Size of onifice

OBSERVATiON TABLE:
Mean Value

Test Propery Tests

Sample1Sample 2

Viscosity in tems of time (seconds) taken 10:30m'w

by S0 ml of bitunen to tlow
96'c

cONCLUSION: "Tne btursmeao is to high

viscasity te
Pos wa
mot suitable
that 1t 7s

Constoucion Tellt9
( 6
PROCEDURE:
1. Sample material is heated to
temperature between 75'C to 1OrC above the approximmate
sollening point until it is completely luid and is poured in heated rings
placed on metal
plate. To avoid sticking of the bitumen to metal plate, coating is done to this with a
solution of glycerin anc
2. After
dextrin
cooling the ringedfor 30 minutes, level the material in the ring by removing
in air
the excess bitumen with a wamed,
sharp knile.
Assemble the apparatus with the rings, themometer and hall
guides in position.
4. Fill the bath with distilled water
to height of 50 um above the upper surtace of the
The starting temperature should be 5°C.
rings
S. Apply heat to bath and stir the liquid so that the temperature rIses at a unitorm rate af
5
+0.5°C per minute.
6. As the temperature increases the bituminous material sotlens and the ball sinks through
the ring, carrying a portion of the material with it.
7. Note down the temperature when any of the steel ball with bituminous coating touches
the bottom plate.
8. Record the temperature when the second ball also touches the bottom
plate. The average
of the two readings to the nearest 0.5°C is reported as the smlening point.

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS:

Softening points indicates the temperature at wlhich the bituminous binders possess the
same viscosity. Bituminous materials do not havea definite melting point. Rather the ehange of
state from solid to liquid is gradual and over a wie range of temperature. Sotening point has
particular significance for materials that are to be used as joint and erack fillers. ligher soteing
point ensures that they will rot low during servwe. In general, the higher sotening poin, the
lesser temperature susceptibliy. Bitumen with higher slleuine poit may le prelerrel m
Warmer places.

OBSERVATIONS:
Bath liquid cwate CDistilled )
Period of air cooling 30 mi
Period of cooling in water bath 5'c 80 m i n
Rate of heating
Room Temp.
5°Iynm
OBSERVATION TABILE

Sr.No. Test property Test-I Test-11 Mean Value

Temperature when the ball
touches bottom, °C 50 56 63
cONCLU'SION: The Dalu ic s2? is net bigh softea3
pont +hat it
caoilloet dutiy seTvice.

Leker
 00./7o
19

OBSERVATIONS:
1. Grade of Bitumen
2. Pounng temp.
3. Test Temp.
4. Period of air cooling8 3omi
5. Rate of cooling S o mm) min
60 CM/mi
OBSERVATION TABLE:

Test Property Briqutte Mean Value

Ductility Value in cms to

which
standard briquette mould having 10 x
10 cm cross-section in center
can
92 3 93.33
stretch where thread just break

RESULT: The
+ 0 1oo.
ductliy is 9e.23.
ohich is coi thim

coNCLUSION: Tie given bituooim Ts suftable fos

tleaible paveenmt

HH8/19
36 36
/37 66.7%

The flash point should be taken as the

the flame temperature read on the thermometer at the time
application that causes a distinet flash in the interior of of
be taken as the the The
temperature read the thermometer at which the
on
the material to ignite and burn for at least 5
cup. fire point sbould
seconds. application of test flame causes

OBSERVATIONS:
1. Grade
of Bitumen
2. Pouring temp :8oo -o.4
Test Temp
4. Rate of heating :620

OBSERVATION TABLE:
:5 io6 fomi
Test Property
Test Mean Value
Flash point
Fire point
130 130
Ibo

RESULT: Te
flosh peimt fo6
Fine pout fs loiiumemis 130°c2
lo'c

cONCLUSION: The
Fsh point Fos gi Ven lbitursem is
0Ccebbich is veas to he pes issi lol e limik
of*s to1oo'c. The fise peint is boc ashicl
is less tham
Peissi loe 1s°c Jmi

(Lab
28814