CHAPTER 1

BIO150
 CONTENTS:
The general characteristics
01 of enzymes

The relationship between

02 enzyme and activation energy

03 Enzyme specificity relating to

Lock and Key Model

04 Enzyme specificity relating to

Induced Fit Model
 CONTENTS:
Factors affecting enzyme
05 activities
Cofactor
06
Inhibitors
07
Allosteric regulation
08
Naming and enzyme
09 classification
 Naming of enzyme:
Randomly at the time of discovery: such as digestive
enzymes.

Enzyme names indicate both the substrate acted upon

and the type of reaction catalyzed.

By adding the word –ase to the root of the name of the

substrate, such as urease, which acts on urea.
Classification of enzyme: 6 type of enzymes

Enzymes can be classified by the chemical reaction

catalyzed.
OXIDOREDUCTASE

Six classes of enzyme. TRANSFERASE

HYDROLASE
This classification system
introduced in 1961 by IUB LYASE
(International Union of
Biochemistry). ISOMERASE

LIGASE
 Classification of enzyme: 6 type of enzymes
TYPE REACTION CATALYZED TYPICAL REACTION EXAMPLE OF ENZYME

• are involved in AH + B A + BH • Dehydrogenase

oxidation/reduction. Removal H atom from substrate
(B is reduced)
• Oxidase
Oxidoreductase • Transfer of H and O atoms Addition of O to H with the formation of water
or electrons from one A+O AO
substances to another. (A is oxidized) • Cytochrome oxidase
• Lactate dehydrogenase

• Transfer of a functional group

from one substance to anoth • Transaminase kinase
er. AB + C A + BC • Alanine deaminase
Transferase • Group may be methyl, acetyl, • Acetate kinase
Amino or phosphate group.

Forms two products from a • Lipase

Hydrolase substrate by hydrolysis AB + H2O AOH + BH • Amylase
(addition of water) • sucrase
Classification of enzyme: 6 type of enzymes
TYPE REACTION CATALYZED TYPICAL REACTION EXAMPLE OF ENZYME

• Removal or addition of • Decarboxylase

Lyase groups of atoms without RCOCOOH RCOH + CO2 • Aldolase
hydrolysis. • Isocitrate lyase

• Intramolecular rearrangem
ent. • Glucose-phosphate
• Rearrangement of atoms w AB BA
Isomerase isomerase
ithin a molecule.

• Join together two • Acetyl-Co A synthetase

molecules by with X + Y+ ATP XY + • Phospho kinase
Ligase
simultaneous breakdown ADP + Pi • DNA ligase
of ATP.
THANK YOU

ENZYME