Chapter test Answers

Answers

A Multiple-choice questions
1 D 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 B
6 C 7 A 8 C 9 D 10 B

B Conventional questions
1 a Salt solutions of concentrations lower than 0.2% had water potentials higher than those of
the red blood cells. 1
The cells burst because the cells gained too much water by osmosis. 1
b It is because the red blood cells had different water potentials. 1
The amounts of water gained by different cells were different. 1
c They were wrinkled. 1
2 Water enters the cells by osmosis while oxygen enters the cells by diffusion. 1
Similarities:
Both processes are passive / do not require energy. /
Both processes involve a net movement of substances down a concentration gradient. /
The rate of both processes increases with temperature / concentration gradient. (any 2) 1×2
Differences:
A differentially permeable membrane must be present for osmosis to occur, while a differentially
permeable membrane is not necessary for diffusion to occur. 1
Osmosis refers to the movement of water molecules only, while diffusion refers to the movement of
any substances including water. 1
3 Sugar dissolved into the juice on the cut surfaces of the kiwi fruit to form a sugar solution of
high concentration. 1
The water potential of the sugar solution was lower than that of the fruit cells. 1
The fruit cells lost water by osmosis. Water flowed from the cut surfaces of the kiwi fruit to the dish.
1
4 a Calcium ions are charged / polar in nature. 1
They are repelled by the phospholipid bilayer. 1
b Active transport 1
c Organelle X is the main site where energy is released by respiration. 1
It provides energy for the absorption of calcium ions by active transport. 1
d Fatty acids are absorbed by diffusion. 1
The finger-like projections increase the surface area for diffusion. 1
Chapter test Answers

C Higher order thinking question

5 a The rate of absorption of substance Y decreased between the 50th to 110th minutes. 1
The absorption involves active transport, which requires energy. 1
Cyanide prevented respiration, thus no energy was released from the cells. Active transport
stopped, causing a decrease in the rate of absorption. 1
b After adding cyanide, absorption of substance Y still occurred although the rate was low.
1
This suggests that the absorption of substance Y also involves diffusion, which does not
require energy. 1