Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted by:
Prerana Das
22CMSPC075
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
CMR University
2022-2024
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DECLARATION
I, Prerana Das bearing Register No. 22CMSPC075 hereby declare that the
This supervised Internship report has not been submitted for the award of any other
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ms. Prerana Das bearing Register Number 22CMSPC075 pursuing the
course MSc. Psychology - Clinical has successfully completed the requirements for the
Following are the details of the internship carried out by the student:
Place: Bengaluru
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to show my sincere thanks to everyone who helped me accomplish well in this
internship. First of all, I'd like to thank Priyanka MB ma’am, founder and Clinical Psychologist
at Inspiron Psychological Wellbeing Centre, for giving me the chance to work in the
organization and always helping me with my educational pursuits. I'm very thankful to my
external supervisor, Ms. Aditi Shankar Ma'am, a Psychologist and Trainer at Inspiron. Her
direction, advice, and support helped me learn more about psychology and mental health and
made my time at Inspiron easier. I'm also grateful to all the other psychologists and professionals
Additionally, I want to thank my internal supervisor, Dr Sweta Kulkarni ma'am, who gave me all
I would want to express my gratitude to the Director of School of Social Sciences and
Humanities, CMR University for her encouragement and support in giving us the chance to do an
internship.
Finally, I want to thank my family and friends for always supporting me in doing my best.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION 6-7
3. ASSESSMENTS 51-55
56
4. EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
5. SUMMARY 57-58
59
6. REFERENCES
7. ANNEXURE
1. Certificate 60
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The area of interest of this internship is clinical settings under the supervision of licenced
assessments. The purpose of this internship is to gain knowledge and insight in the practical
application of psychology and mental health and it was done with the objective of learning the
application of various psychological theories in therapy and administration of various tools and
assessments and to have an experience in the professional arena of the various fields of
psychology.
The internship was done at Inspiron psychological wellbeing centre, Domlur, Bengaluru-
560071. It was founded by Priyanka M B in 2017 with the simple idea that mental health should
be as scientific & accessible as physical health. She believes that unfulfilled childhood memories
and dreams are the driving forces that shape our personality. Based on psychodynamic,
behavioral, humanitarian and existential theories, her approach is scientific, yet eclectic. She
specializes in treating trauma and abuse, clinical conditions like Depression, Anxiety, and OCD.
As a trainer, she has worked with numerous industry leaders. It caters to all kinds of population.
The setting is a private clinic with two branches, one in Indiranagar ( main branch ) and the
The internship was completed under the supervision of Ms Aditi Shankar as the onsite
supervisor. She is a psychologist and trainer at Inspiron Psychological wellbeing centre. Some of
the other psychologists who supervised us are Mr Ahmed Abdullah Asif, Ms Prachi Agarwal and
Ms Fardeen Rafique.
The population of clients interacted with was mostly between 18- 50 year olds with different
mental health concerns like depression, anxiety, OCD, personality disorders, ADHD, PTSD, etc.
The responsibilities given were to observe the therapy sessions conducted online at the centre,
The total duration of the internship was 26 days with 156 hours of work from March 6th, 2023 to
CHAPTER 2
CASE REPORTS
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CASE-1
CASE HISTORY
Demographic data
Name: F.S
Age: 18
Sex: Male
Family: Nuclear
Occupation: Student
Religion: Islam
Informant’s report
Reliability Reliable
Presenting Complaints
“Connection with family members is not good and doesn’t feel like connection can be of
value”
The client reported being emotionally volatile, angry, and irritable. He was under
psychiatric consultation for 2.5 years which didn't go well. He feels unable to focus and
lacks interest in activities. He has bouts of depression and also can't sit in one place.
The client’s family connection is not good and he doesn't want to mend it because he
doesn't feel like connections can be of value. The client’s family is irritable and angry.
They are communicative but do not receive well to what he says. The family is catalyst
The client is hypersomniac during depression and hyposomnia during mania. The client’s
sleep is light and is groggy after waking up. He also has suicidal thoughts and also
The client doesn't feel for everyone except for special people. The client can fake
emotions easily.
The client has extreme panic attacks during the night for 10-15 minutes, and impending
doom after, 3-4 times a week. The client has anxiety every day and uncontrollable
The client indulges in unhealthy coping mechanisms like cigarettes, txt based drugs.
The client does not have good relationship with his father and moved out of his own to
Negative History- The client had memory concerns in 11th grade. No other negative history
reported.
Treatment history
The client was under psychiatric consultation for almost 2.5 years. The client was also admitted
to NIMHANS due to a high risk of suicide on the demand of his therapist but reported getting
Drug history
Consumption of:
1. Cigarettes
2. Pregabalin
Past history
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Client has been subjected to a lot of bullying ( sexually, physically and emotionally) during his .
4th - 12th grade . His father had two wives which caused a lot of childhood trauma to him and he
felt the need to be emotionally independent. His father was abusive and controlling and his
mother took a very submissive role in his up bringing. In 11th grade the client had memory
concerns. Medication helped with anxiety but it increased tiredness and affected his
Family history
Genogram
Home environment
Client does not have good relationships with the family members especially with his family
members. The conversations are volatile and the family members do not respond well to his
Personal History\
Developmental history
According to the informant, the motor development, adaptive development, speech development
and social development were normal. All the milestones are said to be normal.
The client had a negative attitude towards his father’s second wife. There is presense of parental
lack as the father was emotionally absent and mother was submissive.
Premorbid personality
The client did not take authority well from his father, did not approve of his second wife. He did
not have any emotional connection with most of the people in his life including his family
members
Mood
The client had come for the online session at the suggestion of his ex-girlfriend. He was in a
relaxed posture, easily distracted. It was difficult to establish rapport as he was being resistant.
Eye contact was difficult to maintain. He was well-groomed, looked age- appropriate and
Speech
Quantity- paucity
Pitch-normal
Tone -monotone
Volume- monotone
Rate- normal
Mood
modality.
Cognitive Functions
Memory
Intelligence - The client was able to give general information about himself, good
comprehension
Abstraction - Normal
Judgment
Insight - Level 4
Diagnostic formulation-
characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in the same patient at different
times. The client has had more than two depressive episodes and manic episodes in the past 5
years. Some of the precipitating factors were his father’s authoritarian style of parenting which
made him intolerant of male authority figures. his father had two wives which might have
triggered him and made him withdraw from his family members. His family members were also
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negligent of his irregular meals and sleep schedules and did not react well to his depressive
episodes.
Summary and recommendations- In this case, the client was diagnosed with bipolar mood
disorder due to various episodes of mania since the past 5 years, where he felt extreme
irritability, volatile and angry. He also have had severe depressive episodes and also had active
suicidal ideation, loss of interest in daily activities, irregular meals. He had hypersomnia during
Treatment plan : Cognitive Behavioural therapy was used by the therapist to correct his
negative cognitive thinking patterns and suidical ideation. He was also put into anti- depressants
CASE-2
CASE HISTORY
Demographic data
Name : Parikshit.S
Age : 30
Gender: Male
Religion: Islam
Presenting Complaints
“Gets distracted”
“self-abusive”
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“I feel shameful
The client had dyslexia in 10th grade and always had problems with education. He found
it difficult to do tedious tasks although group study helped. The client gets a lot of time to
do tasks but gets easily distracted and cannot focus. He constantly needs to take breaks
The client also panics a lot and depended on alcohol to cope and calm himself. He also
The client works all the time but is unable to produce things, is also fidgeting-
hyperactive.
In his work, the client procrastinates and gets hyper-focused during deadlines.
He also complains of being restless, hyper-focused on TV, is not able to meditate and is
very meticulous. He is also impulsive with money and finds long-term planning difficult
He feels like he is lacking strength, ability, talking to people, feels alone and not
understood by family
Negative History- In 1991 his food pipe were wind pipe connected.
childhood.
Past history
The client thinks he is not understood or heard because he is small and has a lot of fear that he is
According to him, he feels he gets respect only when he is working otherwise his family makes
him feel like he is wasting time (Imposter syndrome). He feels he is bound to them to make them
proud ( family pressure). He also has a fear of commitment. His biggest insecurity is to be alone.
According to him, his best version is when he is a caretaker. He has insecurities of shame and
fear of inefficiency. The client took alcohol to cope and calm down. He is also addicted to porn
and believes he needs it. He wants people’s validation/acknowledgment but lacks confidence and
feels like intruding in reaching out to people. He finds himself dominating in conversations. His
biggest obsession is stenography. In april 2022, he moved to Hyderabad and currently, he feels
disorganized, gets more distracted by people, but does well at night. He overcompensates to
In July 2022 he moved back to Chennai. He ends up saying mean things and feels shameful and
Family history
The client is an only child to parents who are doctors. His family is very religious. During his
college, he was the caretaker of his grandfather who had dementia and in 2020 he was the
caretaker of his family. According to the client, his grandfather was not an easy man, he was
“ I have to work hard to be accountable for myself then I see my grandpa doing irresponsible
things for years. He was abusive to people but nobody confronted him” he said. In 2011 he
Genogram
Home environment - According to him, he had an unheard childhood and had been deprived of
independence. Growing up the client felt a sense of shame with parents. His mother loved him
but his father didn’t, He was beaten up as a child. He also saw his mother self-harming. He also
feels pressured to make his family proud as they only appreciate him when he is working.
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Personal History-
Birth and development- There is no accurate information of the prenatal, natal and post-natal
history.
Developmental history -
His food pipe and windpipe was connected in 2011 The client had a negative attitude towards his
parents’ religious beliefs. He had dyslexia in 8th grade and ADHD symptoms. Other social,
Educational history- He was raised in England from age 3-8 and was in a specialized school.
In school, he was good in plays, and social skills but often used to get bored easily, and would
scribble , daydream, and shake his legs. The client is currently doing his PhD in Sociology from
IIT Chennai
Sexual history- Client feels attracted to women but don't feel committed.
Premorbid personality-
The client felt unheard by his family , had imposter syndrome and felt lack of
independence.
Mood
The client had come for the online session on his own. He looked his age and was in a relaxed
posture, cooperative and rapport was easily established. Eye contact was maintained. He was
Speech
Quantity- Spontaneous
Pitch-normal
Tone - loud
Volume- normal
Rate- normal
Mood
Objective- Euthymic
Affect
Appropriatness- normal
Intensity- normal
Variability- normal
Range- normal
Reactivity- normal
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modality.
Cognitive Functions
Memory
Intelligence - The client was able to give general information about himself and good
comprehension
Abstraction - Normal
Judgment
Insight - Level 5: The client has intellectual awareness of his illness but does not know
Diagnostic formulation-
Impressions and Interpretations- The client is diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern (at least
sustaining attention to tasks that do not provide a high level of stimulation or frequent rewards,
distractibility and problems with organization. Hyperactivity refers to excessive motor activity
and difficulties with remaining still, most evident in structured situations that require behavioral
Summary and recommendations- The client has been seen to exhibit signs of inattention such
as getting distracted easily, not being able to focus, need to gratify himself during work, getting
bored as well as signs of hyperactivity fidgeting, led-shaking, scribbling, being restless and
hyperfocused on TV. He is also impulsive with money and finds long-term planning difficult. All
of these behaviors started during his developmental period from the age of 3.
Moreover, the client also has anxiety due to his relationship with his family members which is
pressuring to him. He feels bound to take care of his family members and wants their validation
CASE-3
CASE HISTORY
Demographic data
Name : Soumya . S
Age : 30
Education: Engineering
Gender: Female
Religion: Hindu
Presenting Complaints
“I want to be happy”
“ mood swings”
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“ I slapped myself”
The client presents herself as an introvert and complains of having mood swings, and
She questions herself “Should I do things my age” and thoughts like “ If I’m productive
for 3 days, I feel I can't do anything, days I’m not productive I feel guilty. She wants to
do things she missed out on. She didn't make her parents happy like she was supposed to,
At 22-23 years old, she had a breakup and it took 3 years to get out of it, didn't date
Started smoking marijuana after coming out of her home which suppressed feelings. She
has a lot of negative thoughts, and bad dreams(horrifying) like someone wanting to hurt
her family, her sister getting chopped , seeing blood, someone burning her family.
“ When I’m not able to do things- I’m shitty, worthless, pretend to do things, im not
passionate”
Her goal is to get a feeling of fulfilment, move on and not think about failure.
Treatment history- In 2015 she went to a therapist, but felt like she is a mental patient thus left
mid-session.
Drug history
Consumption of:
1. Marihuana
2. Floretine, chlorazeoam
3. Alcohol- coping
Past history
The client remembers three things from childhood: First “ There is something missing from my
goal, I would run away from home, and my father had to call the police, dreamt also of it”,
second “ Mother used to beat me, a lot, was very cruel, raged, cannot remember any physical
affection shown by her and used to beat us with everything till I fainted”, third, “Can't get up
from bed and remember every event”. She regrets losing that time, 10 years were a hell due to
abuse by her parents, didn't feel loved and there was discrimination of gender and caste. People
used to hear them screaming in the village. According to her, the worst part is every time her
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mother used to slap her, she used to slap a 2-3-year-old kid to feel something, to find where it
was hurting her. Now she feels betrayed as nobody raised her hands on her mother. She slapped
and hurt her sister, with the intention of hurting her, didn't know who she became, and started
getting scared of herself. She used to think too much of existential things, isolated herself, and
indulged in self-sabotaging and self-gaslighting. She used to feel like an evil person all the time
She felt like she is two people with different feelings and wants. She feels like she judges herself.
“When I imagine myself- I imagine a male ( alter ego), in dreams I see myself as a male”.
In class 12th she started feeling depressed and started keeping things to herself and didn't talk to
anybody. At 17/18 age she got into a relationship with a guy who gave a lot of effort but she
didn't and got abusive and threatening in the relationship. Now she cannot get intimate with
anyone physically and cannot make emotional connections with anyone. She sees dreams where
she is trying to protect someone, especially her sister, dreams of the ghost of an old lady, and in
those dreams, she kills everybody and keeps her mother and sister safe.
She feels like the bedroom door will open and somebody will hurt her. ( delusion).
In 2016 she met with an accident and after that felt scared to travel, it led to severe anxiety
(PTSD). She started smoking marijuana in 2017 and it's still continuous. “ I smoked up so much
so i don't feel high now”. , In 2021 she had severe anxiety, her credit card maxed out, and had to
take a loan to close it. “Last time I took medication, it was horrible- I was manic that time, I felt
like I'm killing the dog, cutting my hand” - February 2022. She felt dissociated from herself and
had thoughts of hanging herself, it felt relieving. She has self-doubts, dismisses her feelings
She feels paranoid, “if someone is there, I feel they are suspecting me”. Sleep with pepper spray
in hand. Her mother’s call triggered her. Now she is hyper-independent. She has waves of
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sadness and hates festivals. She feels like people are coming to hurt her and also feels a burning
sensation in her arms and back. She has nightmares that someone is coming to hurt her. In April
2022, she had episodes of depression and mania. She relates to hypomania and gets confused
about dates, times, and forgets a lot. She indulges in self-cutting. She has feelings of
Family history
Born out of non-consanguineous marraige. The client comes from a poor family, her father’s
brother sponsored her education. Her father did not save money and eventually became a farmer.
Her mother was a character assassinator. She feels like her mother is two different individuals -
sometimes attached and sometimes is not and she never hugged her and was emotionally
unavailable. Her father was negligent and has felt things but can't express them. She was
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Genogram
Home environment- The client had been in a physically and emotionally abusive household
Personal History
Birth and development- There is no accurate information of the prenatal, natal and post-natal
history.
development, speech development and social development were normal. There is presense of
parental lack as the father was emotionally absent and mother was physically abusive. She was
Premorbid personality
Before the abuse , her mother was her hero and she looked upto her
As a kid she was sensitive and was imaginative. She had goals for herself and wanted to be a
journalist.
Mood
The client had come for the online session by her own.she looked like her age and was in
appropriate clothing, was kempt. She was hostile and resistant. It was difficult to maintain eye
Speech
Quantity- paucity
Pitch-normal
Tone -monotone
Volume- monotone
Rate- soft
Mood
Objective- Apprehensive
Affect
Appropriatness- normal
Variability- Constricted
Range- restricted
Reactivity- normal
Thought-
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Possession of thought: Passivity of impulses and volition- She used to slap a child and
Delusions: Persecutory
Sample- She feels like the bedroom door will open and somebody will hurt her-“I feel
Perception -
Tactile hallucination- The client felt a burning sensation in her arms and back
1. “I was manic that time, I felt like I'm killing the dog, cutting my hand”
2. “When I imagine myself- I imagine a male ( alter ego), in dreams I see myself as
a male”
Cognitive Functions
Memory
Intelligence - The client was able to give general information about himself, good
comprehension
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Abstraction - Normal
Judgment
Insight - Level 4: The client is aware that the illness is due to something unknown in the
them.
Diagnostic formulation
behaviour) that develop during or soon after intoxication with or withdrawal from cannabis. The
withdrawal. (ICD-11) Other disorders such as schizophrenia and mood disorders has been ruled
out as the symptoms did not preceed the onset of cannabis use.
disorder with mostly delusional symptoms specifically persecutary as well as some symptoms of
dissociation. The client also has obsessive thoughts of danger. She has a lot of triggers due to the
1. CBT, DBT , Gestalt therapy such as two chair technique with mother as well as
psychoanalytic therapy to work on the inner child healing and person-centered therapy.
2. Anti-psychotic medications
CASE 4
CASE HISTORY
Demographic data
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Name: Anushruta
Age: 20
Gender: he/him
Sex: Male
Family: Nuclear
Occupation: Student
Religion: Hindu
Intake interview
Presenting Complaints
“Lack of motivation, don't feel like doing anything” - started in September 2021 after
exams
The client lacks motivation and doesn't feel like doing anything, which according to him
can be because of the pressure of his exams and internships. The client feels disconnected
The client keeps checking his bag every time he leaves his house and checks for
cleanliness in the bathroom. He rewashes his hands and penis 5-6 times a day which gets
worse when he is stressed and constantly checks Instagram for fear of missing out on
content.
The longer he doesn't work out, the worse he feels. Thoughts like “ I cannot do this” and
regrets not taking therapy before. He could do anything before March 2020 but after that,
Precipitating factor- In childhood, the client was shamed for not washing his penis after the
Past history
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The client’s obsessions started in childhood when he was humiliated by someone for not washing
his penis after urinating. In childhood after he peed, his mother used to smell and check so he
used to smell his hand and see if its clean. This eventually turned into obsessions to check if he is
clean and indulges in compulsions by checking and washing his hands and penis repeatedly.
In 2019 , while riding a yulu , his phone fell from his pocket. After that he constantly started
checking his pocket for phone, because it feels like it will fall. Constantly checks instagram and
obliged to check everybody’s account due to fear of missing out on content and watches youtube
He feels inferior because he thinks if he falls sick, he’ll die, and has death anxiety. He lived a
comfortable like life, and never put efforts , but from college, it changed.
Feels like he has OCD and hypochondria and relates to depression too.
He dismisses sexual identity because feels like it's about privileged but questions his gender
identify. He wants to present himself in a feminine way and does feel like cross-dressing, and his
girlfriend is supportive of expression. He always wanted long hair since childhood and has lots
Currently he describes himself as non-binary and it feels best according to him but he always
wanted to fix into a box in the QUEER community. His parents accepted him as being queer but
his they think his therapy is only regarding sexual issues. He feels like he was made to live up to
the expectations of his parents, wanted to do filming but his family wanted to engineer.
His relationship with his girlfriend R was going well but recently broke up as she cheated on her.
.
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Genogram
Personal History
Developmental history
According to the informant, motor development, adaptive development, speech development and
social development were normal. All the milestones are said to be normal.
Educational history - Started Jee but he did not get into IIT. Now he is now in NIT
Sexual history - The client doesn't consider himself straight, bi or pansexual. He labels himself as
non-binary.
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Premorbid personality
The client reported having to always comply with his parent’s requests. His family forced him to
study engineering.
Mood
by self for an online therapy session. The rapport was well-established with the client, and eye-
to-eye contact was maintained. Attitude towards the examiner was cooperative
No abnormal motor movement was observed during the session. His facial expressions seemed
interested.
Speech
Quantity- expansive
Pitch-normal
Volume- soft
Rate- Normal
Mood
Objective- Apprehensive
Affect
Appropriateness- normal
Intensity- normal
Variability- normal
Range- normal
Reactivity- normal
Thought-
Thought content :
1. Obsessions - Checking for cleanliness, fear of missing out on social media content, and
2. Compulsions - Rewashing hands and penis, checking each and every post on Instagram,
The client also has death anxiety and feels like he will die if he falls sick.
Primary delusions - Random suicidal thoughts like- “ if I kill myself, who will be sad?”
modality.
Cognitive Functions
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Memory
Intelligence - The client was able to give general information about himself, good
comprehension
Abstraction - Normal
Judgment
Insight - Level 5: The client has intellectual awareness of his illness but does not know
Diagnostic formulation
Impressions and Interpretations- Obsessional thoughts are ideas, images or impulses that
enter the individual's mind again and again in a stereotyped form. Compulsive acts or rituals are
stereotyped behaviours that are repeated again and again. In this case, the client has obsessive
thoughts of cleanliness which were distressing and made him engage in compulsive rituals like
washing repeatedly.
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disorder with mostly obsessions of cleaniless and compulsions like washing hands and penis
repeatedly, checking his pocket for phone and checking and checking instagram repeatedly. The
client also has hypochondriac symptoms as he thinks he will die if he falls sick.
The client is also queer and questions his gender identity. He labels himself as non-binary and
1. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
The client was asked to read about cognitive biases and was made to understand that sickness is
not equal to death and that he catastrophizes and generalizes, jumps to conclusions.
his childhood that led to the obsessions of cleaning his hands and penis and to correct his
CASE 5
Demographic data
Name : Anirudh
Age : 13
Gender: Male
Family: Nuclear
Occupation: Student
Informant’s report
Reliability Reliable
Presenting Complaints
The client refuses to study, and has increased defiant behavior such as refusing to listen
The issues were overlooked while he was younger, but have become serious causes for
The client has been reported to exhibit the presenting complaints for 10 years old, with an
increased habit of lying and increasing defiant behavior that was assumed to be normal at
The client has exhibited regular resistance and underperformance in school work and
completion of assigned school work, also repeated conflict with his elder sister. He has
also been reported to have a preoccupation with playing on his phone and watching TV.
The mother reports having to constantly discipline him and complains of his gullibility to
claims of his peers and in not understanding social norms such as telling the neighbors
The client is reported to have fights with his sister due to comparing his parent’s
Treatment history - The client has not consulted any psychiatric evaluation before.
Past history
The client has been reported to exhibit the presenting complaints for 10 years old, with an
increased habit of lying and increasing defiant behavior that was assumed normal at the time by
his parents.The client has exhibited regular resistance and underperformance in school work and
completion of assigned school work, also repeated conflict with his elder sister. He has also been
reported to have a preoccupation with playing on his phone and watching TV. The father, has an
authoritarian style of parenting and is a disciplinarian. Child’s mother Mrs Kavitha reports to be
the more nurturing one in the family. She has expressed distress at the child’s refusal to listen to
the parents’ requests and commands, the constant conflict between her children and having to get
angry to make him listen. She reports to have to constantly discipline him and complains of his
gullibility to claims of his peers and in not understanding social norms such as telling the
neighbours about things that happen at home. He has an elder sister at 18 years of age that the
mother has reported to have constant fights with the patient. The client is reported to have fights
with her due to comparing his parent’s attitude towards him and her. Mrs Kavita has informed
that the entire family has a temperamental predisposition to get angry quite easily that lead to
more frequent conflicts. Mrs Kavita has informed that to her knowledge there is no family
history of similar issue. The client has reported that he sees no issue with his behaviour, and that
his defiant behaviour is because his parents only command him with work but not his sister. He
reports that his main issue of conflict is with his parents is over his studies and feels like he is
rarely disrespectful.
Family history
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Genogram
Home environment
The father, Mr Nanda Kishore is 47 years old and works as an accountant in a private firm. He is
the decision maker in the family and has an authoritarian style of parenting and is a
disciplinarian. Child’s mother Mrs Kavitha is 37 years old homemaker, she reports to be the
more nurturing one in the family.He has an elder sister at 18 years of age that the mother has
Personal History
Mrs Kavita’s pregnancy with client Anirudh was uneventful. He was born full term through a C-
section, with birth cry present. Mother reported that he had a late onset of standing at 1 year,
walking without support at 1 year 2 months and began talking at 1 year six months. She reports
that he still has difficulties pronouncing certain syllables. He has experienced no major illnesses
P a g e | 47
or injuries ill date but experiences some physical illnesses such as chronic backpain and calcium
deficiency.
Developmental history
According to the informant, the client has started LKG at 3years 10 months, he was seen to be
sociable and friendly. He is seen to have a good relationship with friends and a large quantity of
said friends. He was said to score above average with the assistance of mother during studying.
He was reported to be good at memorization but a diminished interest in subjects except History
and Biology. He is said to not get into fights and be amicable in general. Due to 4 teachers
reports of him being resistant to homework, lying about said schoolwork and mother has
Premorbid personality
Anirudh was reported to be sociable and friendly and compliant to parents and their requests
Mood-
The client had a relaxed slouched posture, he seems unbothered by surrounding events and
reluctant to co-operate. He did not have good rapport and relied on his mother to relay the events
Psychomotor activity- The client exhibited limited eye contact and exhibited fidgeting
behaviour
Speech
Quantity- Paucity
Pitch-normal
Tone - normal
Volume- soft
Rate- normal
Mood
Objective- Apprehensive
Affect
Appropriatness- normal
Intensity- normal
Variability- normal
Range- normal
Reactivity- normal
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modality.
Cognitive Functions
Memory
Intelligence - The client was able to give general information about himself, good
comprehension
Abstraction - Normal
Judgment
Insight - Level 1
Diagnostic formulation
months or more) of markedly defiant, disobedient, provocative or spiteful behaviour that occurs
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more frequently than is typically observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental
level and that is not restricted to interaction with siblings. Oppositional defiant disorder may be
manifest in prevailing, persistent angry or irritable mood, often accompanied by severe temper
Summary and recommendations- In this case, the client showed increasing defiant behaviours
from the age of 10 , with the mother constantly having difficulty to discipline him. The client has
been in disruptive fights with his sister, and have showed regular underperformance in school.
1. Family therapy
CHAPTER III
ASSESSMENTS
1. JPMR
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American physician Edmund Jacobson in the 1930s. The technique involves alternating tension
and relaxation in all of the body's major muscle groups. It is a type of relaxation technique that
can help individuals reduce stress, enhance relaxation states, and improve overall well-being.
Psychometric properties
JPMR has been proven to be an effective tool in reducing anxiety and is quite reliable.
According to research by Joy, Jose and Nayak (2014) JPMR was found to be effective in
Analysis
JPMR has been used on a client named Nissiman with social anxiety disorder. The client chief
complaints included not being able to talk to strangers, and not being able to initiate conversation
with friends. It was found that the client felt much more relaxed after the JPMR session and was
2. BODY SCAN
The body scan is a mindfulness meditation practice involving scanning your body for pain,
tension, or anything out of the ordinary. It can help you feel more connected to your physical and
emotional self. Research shows that it has been proven to improve sleep, relief anxiety and stress
John Kabat-Zinn coined the phrase "body scan" in his 1970s mindfulness-based stress reduction
Psychometric properties
The sympathetic nervous system is activated when we are under stress and our bodies go into
"fight or flight" mode. This reaction was shown to be moderated by frequent body scan
meditations by Ditto et al. (2006), with participants' bodies spending less time in the sympathetic
"fight or flight" state and more time in the parasympathetic "rest and digest" state. ( Positive
Psychology, 2023)
Body scan is a mindfulness-based relaxation technique or meditation technique used for various
stress-related disorders.
Analysis
The body scan technique was on the Case 1 client, Faisal with bipolar disorder. The result
showed that the client was able to be mindful of his thoughts and was more aware of his body
sensations.
3. IPDE
The IPDE or International personality disorder examination was created as part of the WHO/NIH
Joint Programme for the Diagnosis and Classification of Mental Disorders, and it offers a
standardised method for evaluating personality disorders in accordance with both the DSM-
Psychometric properties
There are 157 total items, and they are divided up into 6 categories: work, self, interpersonal
relationships, affects, reality testing and impulse control. Items may be given a score of 0 (not
present or within normal range), 1 (present but to a lesser extent), or 2 (pathological, satisfies
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criteria requirements). The IPDE has been widely adopted by mental health professionals
throughout the world because to its high level of usability and practicality in clinical settings.
Comparable to other instruments used to diagnose psychoses, mood, anxiety, and drug use
Analysis
IPDE was observed on a session conducted on a client named Tanu with Borderline Personality
traits.
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report measure of the severity of depression.The
BDI was created by psychiatrist Dr. Aaron T. Beck and released in 1961. Each of the 21 items on
Psychometric properties
The BDI measures the severity of depression. It can be used to screen for depression and track
treatment progress. BDI is a self-report questionnaire. This implies that it relies on the patient's
own perception of their symptoms. The BDI has a high level of validity and reliability. The BDI-
II's test-retest reliability ranged between 0.73 and 0.92, indicating that scores are stable over
time. The internal consistency of the BDI-II was 0.90, indicating that the questionnaire items
The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A, Hamilton, 1969) was presented as a rating scale for the
severity of anxiety neurosis. The HAM-A was one of the earliest rating scales created to measure
the severity of anxiety symptoms, and it is still extensively used in clinical and scientific settings
today. The scale assesses both psychic anxiety (mental agitation and psychological distress) and
Psychometric properties
According to research by Clark and Donovan. Hamilton anxiety rating scale The HARS
exhibited good construct validity, showing statistically significant relationships with independent
self-report measures of generalized anxiety and other anxiety variables. (Clark and Donovan,
1994).
Analysis
HAM-A was used on the client Parikshit with ADHD to find out the severity of his anxiety. It
was found that the client had a score of 23 which is interpreted as mild to moderate severity.
CHAPTER IV
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
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and my goal was to work directly under the supervision of licenced clinical psychologists. The
objective was to learn more about the applied field of psychology in order to be able to converse
with clients, take case histories, conduct mental examinations, and conduct client assessments.
My time at the Inspiron mental health centre was extremely insightful and intriguing. I was able
to directly observe therapy sessions and distinguish between various therapies, such as cognitive-
behavioural therapy, gestalt therapy such as the empty chair and two chair techniques, exposure
In addition to learning JPMR and Body scan techniques, I participated in additional assessments
observations such as ADHD test, the IPDE, and the Back's Depression Inventory.
Some of the crucial skills learned were grounding methods, rapport building, doing assessments
on a client and psychoeducating the client. I learned about boundary setting, inner child healing
(such as sending a letter to a younger self), emotional processing, mindfulness, the DEARMAN
Technique, parenting styles, attachment patterns, and sleep hygiene techniques etc.
Inspiron community initiative where we had to raise awareness of mental health issues among
During the internship as part of ethical concerns, I had to refrain from using the client's name in
order to protect confidentiality, and I also had to safeguard the integrity of the client files.
CHAPTER V
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SUMMARY
During my time of internship at Inspiron Psychological Wellbeing Centre, I learned how to take
case history and Mental Status Examination. I also observed various online therapy sessions
conducted at the centre, as we sat through the sessions with the therapists. After each session, I
had to discuss my takeaway from the case. Along with these sessions, I was also given some
cases, in which I had to formulate the cases, give a diagnosis and short-term and long-term goals
for it. I learned how to conduct various assessments and relaxation techniques.
As an upcoming professional in the field of psychology, I would like to suggest that we should
inculcate the habit of reading research papers to stay up to date with the new progress and
changes in the field. We should also get experience in different types of work settings be it
hospitals, NGOs, schools, government organizations, community projects, etc, to get an idea as
to what suits best our passion. Lastly, we should continuously take part in mental health
awareness programs and provide psychological first aid to people in need which would not only
reduce stigma in society but also help the underprivileged be more aware of their mental
Overall, the experience at Inspiron was so really good and the amount of knowledge gained was
also huge as this is my first clinical internship/observership. I was able to achieve my objective
of learning the application of various psychological theories in therapy and administration of
various tools and assessments and to have an experience in the professional arena of the various
fields of psychology. This would not have been possible without the guidance of my internal
supervisor Dr Sweta Kulkarni Ma’am and external supervisor Ms .Aditi Shankar Ma’am who
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were very supportive and helpful throughout the experience. I believe that I can apply the
REFERENCES
Joy, F. E., Jose, T. T., & Nayak, A. K. (2014, March). EFFECTIVENESS OF JACOBSON’S
PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION (JPMR) TECHNIQUE ON SOCIAL ANXIETY
AMONG HIGH SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN A SELECTED SCHOOL OF UDUPI
DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, 04(01), 086–
090. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703737
Ph.D., A. O. (2021, December 4). How to Perform Body Scan Meditation: 3 Best Scripts.
PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/body-scan-meditation/
Body Scan Meditation: Benefits and How to Do It. (n.d.). Body Scan Meditation: Benefits and
How to Do It. https://www.healthline.com/health/body-scan-meditation
CLARK, D. B., & DONOVAN, J. E. (1994, March). Reliability and Validity of the Hamilton
Anxiety Rating Scale in an Adolescent Sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(3), 354–360. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199403000-00009
Organization, W. H. (1992, January 1). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural
Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines.
https://doi.org/10.1604/9789241544221
Association Staff, A. P. (2013, May 22). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DSM-5.
ANNEXURE
CERTIFICATE
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WEEK - 1
Learning
I have been doing my internship from Inspiron Psychological Wellbeing Centre, Indira Nagar ,
Bengaluru. It is private clinic with experienced psychologists founded by Priyanka M B ma’am
types of therapy. We are required to sit and observe the therapy sessions conducted at the centre
and then we discuss the cases and its appropriate therapeutic interventions with the therapists.
We are also given cases which we need to give a diagnosis and its short term and long term
goals.
In the first week I have attented a total of 10 sessions. Among them, i have observed a 20 year
old client with social anxiety, another client with high anxiety and suicidal thoughts, two client
with possible BPD traits. I also obverved and learned ADHD test, grounding technique. IPDE. I
Despite the challenges it was a very good experience as we get to learn how therapeutic
Challenges Faced-
Some of the challenges which i faced was that we were not able to meet or talk to the clients
directly as we only attended the online therapy sessions. This is because clients are not very
confortable talking to interns. Another challenge was lack of expertise and knowledge of certain
WEEK - 2
Learning
In the second week I attented a total of 9 sessions. During the session with 20 year old client with
social anxiety, there were interventions such as boundary making, emotional processing, empty
chair technique. I attented one session of a client with high stress with whom DEARMAN
technique was discussed. I also attended a workshop on trauma and attachment styles. Moreover
I observed the first session of a couple seeking couple therapy in which rapport building was
Challenges Faced-
The only challenge faced this week was not being able to meet the clients directly. Regardless I
got more comfortable and confident this week and actively participated in the discussions of the
cases.
WEEK - 3
Learning
In the third week , I attended a total of 11 therapy sessions, one psychiatric consultation, three
case formulations and learned one assessment. In one of the sessions, I learned about defense
mechanisms and in another, i learned about sleep hygiene techniques. I also attended a co-
therapy session of a BPD client. I was also given three cases to work on, where i had to give
short term and long-term goals. Among the cases, one was of a client with binge eating patterns,
addiction whose provisional diagnosis given was Eating disorder, unspecified. I attented a
psychiatric consultation of a client with alcohold dependence and learned to administer Beck’s
depression Inventory
Challenges faced
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This week was very insightful as I was more involved in the cases. One of the challenges faced
WEEK - 4
Learning
In the last week , I attended a total of 8 therapy sessions. I had been attenting a couple therapy
session. I also observed a follow up session of the client Soumya with substance induced
psychosis. I also started reading case files for the case report and collected data for case history
and MSE and discussed the cases with the assigned therapists
Challenges faced
This week i was able to understand the cases in depth. One of the challenges faced was not
being able to conduct MSE directly with the client. I could only collect data from the therapist’s
case files.
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LOG SHEETS
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PLAGIARISM REPORT