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INTERNSHIP REPORT

Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirement for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY (CLINICAL)

Submitted by:

Prerana Das

22CMSPC075

Under the guidance of

Pro. Sweta Kulkarni

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

Department of Psychology, SOSSH

CMR University

2022-2024
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DECLARATION

I, Prerana Das bearing Register No. 22CMSPC075 hereby declare that the

Internship report submitted is an original work undertaken by me for the award of

the degree of Master of Science in Psychology (Clinical) under the

supervision/guidance of, Asst. Prof. Sweta Kulkarni, Department of Psychology.

This supervised Internship report has not been submitted for the award of any other

degree or diploma to any other university.

Date: Name and signature of the candidate


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Prerana Das bearing Register Number 22CMSPC075 pursuing the 

course MSc. Psychology - Clinical has successfully completed the requirements for the 

Supervised Internship Program. 

Following are the details of the internship carried out by the student:

Place of Internship: Inspiron Psychological Wellbeing Centre

Total Duration of Internship: 26 days

Internship Period:  March 6, 2023 to April 7, 2023

Place: Bengaluru

Signature of the Internal Supervisor                                 Signature of the PG course co-ordinator

Signature of the Signature of the

Internal Supervisor PG Course coordinator


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to show my sincere thanks to everyone who helped me accomplish well in this

internship. First of all, I'd like to thank Priyanka MB ma’am, founder and Clinical Psychologist

at Inspiron Psychological Wellbeing Centre, for giving me the chance to work in the

organization and always helping me with my educational pursuits. I'm very thankful to my

external supervisor, Ms. Aditi Shankar Ma'am, a Psychologist and Trainer at Inspiron. Her

direction, advice, and support helped me learn more about psychology and mental health and

made my time at Inspiron easier. I'm also grateful to all the other psychologists and professionals

working at the centre for giving me the help I needed.

Additionally, I want to thank my internal supervisor, Dr Sweta Kulkarni ma'am, who gave me all

the assistance I needed and mentored me during my internship experience.

I would want to express my gratitude to the Director of School of Social Sciences and

Humanities, CMR University for her encouragement and support in giving us the chance to do an

internship.

Finally, I want to thank my family and friends for always supporting me in doing my best.
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TABLE OF CONTENT

S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION 6-7

2. CASE REPORT 8-50

3. ASSESSMENTS 51-55

56
4. EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

5. SUMMARY 57-58

59
6. REFERENCES

7. ANNEXURE

1. Certificate 60

2. Reflective journals 61-63

3. Log sheet 64-67


4. Plagiarism report
68
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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The area of interest of this internship is clinical settings under the supervision of licenced

psychologists and psychiatrists with proper therapeutic techniques and psychometric

assessments. The purpose of this internship is to gain knowledge and insight in the practical

application of psychology and mental health and it was done with the objective of learning the

application of various psychological theories in therapy and administration of various tools and

assessments and to have an experience in the professional arena of the various fields of

psychology.

The internship was done at Inspiron psychological wellbeing centre, Domlur, Bengaluru-

560071. It was founded by Priyanka M B in 2017 with the simple idea that mental health should

be as scientific & accessible as physical health. She believes that unfulfilled childhood memories

and dreams are the driving forces that shape our personality. Based on psychodynamic,

behavioral, humanitarian and existential theories, her approach is scientific, yet eclectic. She

specializes in treating trauma and abuse, clinical conditions like Depression, Anxiety, and OCD.

As a trainer, she has worked with numerous industry leaders. It caters to all kinds of population.

The setting is a private clinic with two branches, one in Indiranagar ( main branch ) and the

second branch is in HSR Layout. 


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The internship was completed under the supervision of Ms Aditi Shankar as the onsite

supervisor. She is a psychologist and trainer at Inspiron Psychological wellbeing centre. Some of

the other psychologists who supervised us are Mr Ahmed Abdullah Asif, Ms Prachi Agarwal and

Ms Fardeen Rafique.

The population of clients interacted with was mostly between 18- 50 year olds with different

mental health concerns like depression, anxiety, OCD, personality disorders, ADHD, PTSD, etc.

The responsibilities given were to observe the therapy sessions conducted online at the centre,

observe the assessments and participate in case discussions and formulations.

The total duration of the internship was 26 days with 156 hours of work from March 6th, 2023 to

April 7th 2023.


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CHAPTER 2

CASE REPORTS
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CASE-1

CASE HISTORY

Demographic data

Name:                                                             F.S

Age:                                                               18

Education:                                                      Class 12th

Sex:                                                                 Male

Family:                                                            Nuclear

Occupation:                                                     Student

Religion:                                                          Islam

Residence                                                        VSR Layout, Bangalore   

Referred by                                                      Recommended by Partner

Name of Examiner                                         Ms. Aditi Shankar

Intake interview                                              Unstructured interview 

Informant’s report

Relationship of the patient                                    Brother

Reliability                                                              Reliable

Adequacy of the informant                                   Adequate

Presenting Complaints

According to the Patient

 “Emotionally volatile- Irritable, angry”    (  since 5 years )

 “Lack of interest”  ( since 2 years)


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 “Suicidal thoughts”  ( since 3 months)

 “Connection with family members is not good and doesn’t feel like connection can be of

value”

 “Unable to focus before exams”

History of presenting complaints

 The client reported being emotionally volatile, angry, and irritable. He was under

psychiatric consultation for 2.5 years which didn't go well. He feels unable to focus and

lacks interest in activities. He has bouts of depression and also can't sit in one place. 

 The client’s family connection is not good and he doesn't want to mend it because he

doesn't feel like connections can be of value. The client’s family is irritable and angry.

They are communicative but do not receive well to what he says. The family is catalyst

and uses threats to get him to socialize.

 The client is hypersomniac during depression and hyposomnia during mania. The client’s

sleep is light and is groggy after waking up. He also has suicidal thoughts and also

attempted suicide in ways like cuts and jumping from a building. 

 The client doesn't feel for everyone except for special people. The client can fake

emotions easily.

 The client has extreme panic attacks during the night for 10-15 minutes, and impending

doom after, 3-4 times a week. The client has anxiety every day and uncontrollable

thoughts, an impending sense of doom, extreme sadness

 The client indulges in unhealthy coping mechanisms like cigarettes, txt based drugs.

 The client does not have good relationship with his father and moved out of his own to

live alone when he turned 18.


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Negative History- The client had memory concerns in 11th grade. No other negative history

reported.

Mode of onset -  Insidious

Course of present illness- Continous

Predisposing factor-  Physical, emotional, and sexual abuse in childhood

Precipitating factor-  Catalyst family

Perpetuating factor-  Substance abuse

Treatment history

The client was under psychiatric consultation for almost 2.5 years. The client was also admitted

to NIMHANS due to a high risk of suicide on the demand of his therapist but reported getting

himself discharged without consultation from a therapist or doctor in February 2023

Drug history

Consumption of:

1.  Cigarettes

     Mode of initiation - Oral

 Salience- Coping Mechanism

2. Pregabalin

 Mode of initiation - Oral

 Salience- Induced happiness

3. TXT based drugs weekly

Past history
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Client has been subjected to a lot of bullying ( sexually, physically and emotionally) during his .

4th - 12th grade . His father had two wives which caused a lot of childhood trauma to him and he

felt the need to be emotionally independent. His father was abusive and controlling and his

mother took a very submissive role in his up bringing. In 11th grade the client had memory

concerns. Medication helped with anxiety but it increased tiredness and affected his

concentration and memory No other medical illness was reported.

Family history

Born out of non-consanguineous marraige.

Genogram

Home environment

Client does not have good relationships with the family members especially with his family

members. The conversations are volatile and the family members do not respond well to his

issues. Client’s father had an authoritarian parenting style.


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Personal History\

Birth and development

There is no accurate information of the prenatal, natal and post-natal history.

Developmental history

According to the informant, the motor development, adaptive development, speech development

and social development were normal.  All the milestones are said to be normal.

The client had a negative attitude towards his father’s second wife. There is presense of parental

lack as the father was emotionally absent and mother was submissive. 

Educational history - The client is in 12th standard

Occupational history- The client is a student

Sexual history - There is no information on the client’s sexual history

Marital History- The client is non-married 

Premorbid personality

 Attitudes towards others in social, family and sexual relationships

The client did not take authority well from his father, did not approve of his second wife. He did 

not have any emotional connection with most of the people in his life including his family

members

 Attitudes towards self

The client does not have a positive self-image.

 Mood

The client has been seen withdrawn and irritable.


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MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

General appearance and behavior

The client had come for the online session at the suggestion of his ex-girlfriend. He was in a

relaxed posture, easily distracted. It was difficult to establish rapport as  he was being resistant.

Eye contact was difficult to maintain. He was well-groomed, looked age- appropriate and

appeared inappropriate clothing.

Psychomotor activity- Decreased psychomotor activity with limited eye- contact.

Speech 

 Quantity-  paucity

 Coherent and relevant

 Pitch-normal

  Tone -monotone

 Volume- monotone

 Rate- normal

Mood 

 Subjective - “I don’t feel like doing anything”

 Objective-  Irritable and angry

 Thought- Stream of thought was consistent, no signs of circumstantiality, thought blocking. He

exhibited no possessions and no abnormal content

Perception - No abnormalities in perception were observed, no illusions or hallucinations in any

modality.

Cognitive Functions

 Attention and Concentration was  normally maintained


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 Orientation - Oriented to time, place and person.

 Memory 

1. Immediate memory -  intact

2. Recent memory – intact

3. Remote memory – intact

 Intelligence - The client  was able to give  general information about himself, good

comprehension 

 Abstraction -  Normal

 Judgment 

Social judgement- Normal

Personal judgement- Poor

  Insight - Level 4

The client has awareness of being ill due to something unknown .

Diagnostic formulation- 

Provisional Diagnosis : F31 Bipolar affective disorder ( ICD-10)

Impressions and Interpretations-   Bipolar affective disorder or bipolar mood disorder is

characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in the same patient at different

times. The client has had more than two depressive episodes and manic episodes in the past 5

years. Some of the precipitating factors were his father’s authoritarian style of parenting which

made him intolerant of male authority figures.  his father had two wives which might have

triggered him and made him withdraw from his family members. His family members were also
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negligent of his irregular meals and sleep schedules and did not react well to his depressive

episodes.

Summary and recommendations- In this case, the client was diagnosed with bipolar mood

disorder due to various episodes of mania since the past 5 years, where he felt extreme

irritability, volatile and angry. He also have had severe depressive episodes and also had active

suicidal ideation, loss of interest in daily activities, irregular meals. He had hypersomnia during

depressive episodes and hyposomnia during manic episodes.

Treatment plan : Cognitive Behavioural therapy was used by the therapist to correct his

negative cognitive thinking patterns and suidical ideation. He was also put into anti- depressants

and anti-anxiety medications.


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CASE-2

CASE HISTORY

Demographic data

Name :                                                             Parikshit.S

Age :                                                                30

Education :                                                      PHD in IIT                            

Gender:                                                            Male

Family:                                                            Joint Family

Occupation:                                                     PHD Scholar in Sociology

Religion:                                                          Islam

Socio-economic status                                     Middle

Residence                                                      Shimoga, Karnataka

Referred by                                                    Self- referred

 Informant’s report                                        There is no information on the informant

Name of Examinor                                        Mr Ahmed Asif

Intake interview                                             Unstructured interview

Presenting Complaints

According to the Patient

 “Always had problems with education” 

 “Problems with tedious tasks”

 “Gets distracted”

 “self-abusive”
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 “I feel shameful

History of presenting complaints

 The client had dyslexia in 10th grade and always had problems with education. He found

it difficult to do tedious tasks although group study helped. The client gets a lot of time to

do tasks but gets easily distracted and cannot focus. He constantly needs to take breaks

and gratify himself during work. 

 The client also panics a lot and depended on alcohol to cope and calm himself. He also

gets violent and self-abusive when angry.

 The client works all the time but is unable to produce things, is also fidgeting-

hyperactive.

 In his work, the client procrastinates and gets hyper-focused during deadlines. 

 He also complains of being restless, hyper-focused on TV, is not able to meditate and is

very meticulous. He is also impulsive with money and finds long-term planning difficult

 He feels like he is lacking strength, ability, talking to people, feels alone and not

understood by family

Negative History- In 1991 his food pipe were wind pipe connected.

Mode of onset - Insidious

Course of present illness- Continous

Predisposing factor-  Dyslexia and ADHD

Precipitating factor-  Unheard childhood, emotional trauma and lack of independance in

childhood.

Perpetuating factor-  ADHD 


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Protective  factor- Studying and taking care of his family members

Treatment history-   Started anti-anxiety medication in November 2021

Drug history  There is no accurate information

Past history

The client thinks he is not understood or heard because he is small and has a lot of fear that he is

getting older, finances, for taking care of his parents. 

According to him, he feels he gets respect only when he is working otherwise his family makes

him feel like he is wasting time (Imposter syndrome). He feels he is bound to them to make them

proud ( family pressure). He also has a fear of commitment. His biggest insecurity is to be alone.

According to him, his best version is when he is a caretaker. He has insecurities of shame and

fear of inefficiency.  The client took alcohol to cope and calm down. He is also addicted to porn

and believes he needs it. He wants people’s validation/acknowledgment but lacks confidence and

feels like intruding in reaching out to people. He finds himself dominating in conversations. His

biggest obsession is stenography. In april 2022, he moved to Hyderabad and currently, he feels

disorganized, gets more distracted by people,  but does well at night. He overcompensates to

prove a point. He feels a sense of shame if he talks to himself.

In July 2022  he moved back to Chennai. He ends up saying mean things and feels shameful and

angry. He has a problematic thought process and difficulty accepting ADHD. 

His dreams surround the death of family members.

Family history

The client is born out of a non-consanguineous marriage.


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The client is an only child to parents who are doctors. His family is very religious. During his

college, he was the caretaker of his grandfather who had dementia and in 2020 he was the

caretaker of his family. According to the client, his grandfather was not an easy man, he was

irritable and angry and had a history of not listening to people.

 “ I have to work hard to be accountable for myself then I see my grandpa doing irresponsible

things for years. He was abusive to people but nobody confronted him” he said. In 2011 he

passed away and their wealth came down.

Genogram

Home environment - According to him, he had an unheard childhood and had been deprived of

independence. Growing up the client felt a sense of shame with parents. His mother loved him

but his father didn’t, He was beaten up as a child. He also saw his mother self-harming. He also

feels pressured to make his family proud as they only appreciate him when he is working.
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Personal History- 

Birth and development- There is no accurate information of the prenatal, natal and post-natal

history.

Developmental history - 

His food pipe and windpipe was connected in 2011 The client had a negative attitude towards his

parents’ religious beliefs. He had dyslexia in 8th grade and ADHD symptoms. Other social,

emotional , physical development was normal. 

Educational history-  He was raised in England from age 3-8  and was in a specialized school. 

In school, he was good in plays, and social skills but often used to get bored easily, and would

scribble , daydream, and shake his legs. The client is currently doing his PhD in Sociology from

IIT Chennai

Occupational history- Client is a PhD Scholar

Sexual history- Client feels attracted to women but don't feel committed. 

Marital History- The client is non-married 

Premorbid personality-

 Attitudes towards others in social, family and sexual relationships

The client felt unheard by his family , had imposter syndrome and felt lack of

independence.

 Attitudes towards self

The client felt insufficient and shameful.

 Mood

The client was irritable and angry


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MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

General appearance and behaviour

The client had come for the online session on his own.  He looked his age and was in a relaxed

posture, cooperative and rapport was easily established. Eye contact was maintained. He was

well-groomed and appeared inappropriate clothing. He had a hoarse voice. 

Psychomotor activity-  Normal 

Speech 

 Quantity-  Spontaneous

 Coherent and relevant- 

 Pitch-normal

  Tone - loud 

 Volume- normal

 Rate- normal

Mood 

 Subjective - The client seemed to be a positive mood.

 Objective-  Euthymic

Affect

 Appropriatness- normal

 Intensity- normal

 Variability- normal

 Range- normal

 Reactivity- normal
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Thought- Stream of thought was consistent, no signs of circumstantiality, thought blocking. He

exhibited no possessions and no abnormal content

Perception - No abnormalities in perception were observed, no illusions or hallucinations in any

modality.

Cognitive Functions

 Attention and Concentration -  Normal

 Orientation - Oriented to time, place and person.

 Memory 

 Immediate memory -  intact

 Recent memory – intact

 Remote memory – intact

 Intelligence - The client  was able to give  general information about himself and good

comprehension 

 Abstraction -  Normal

 Judgment 

 Social judgment- Normal

 Personal judgment- Poor

  Insight - Level 5: The client has intellectual awareness of his illness but does not know

what led to his emotional issues.

Diagnostic formulation-

Provisional Diagnosis-  6A05 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ICD-11)


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Impressions and Interpretations-  The client is diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity

disorder . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern (at least

6 months) of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, with onset during the developmental

period, typically early to mid-childhood (ICD-11). Inattention refers to significant difficulty in

sustaining attention to tasks that do not provide a high level of stimulation or frequent rewards,

distractibility and problems with organization. Hyperactivity refers to excessive motor activity

and difficulties with remaining still, most evident in structured situations that require behavioral

self-control. Impulsivity is a tendency to act in response to immediate stimuli, without

deliberation or consideration of the risks and consequences. 

Summary and recommendations- The client has been seen to exhibit signs of inattention such

as getting distracted easily, not being able to focus, need to gratify himself during work, getting

bored as well as signs of hyperactivity fidgeting, led-shaking, scribbling, being restless and 

hyperfocused on TV. He is also impulsive with money and finds long-term planning difficult. All

of these behaviors started during his developmental period from the age of 3. 

Moreover, the client also has anxiety due to his relationship with his family members which is

pressuring to him. He feels bound to take care of his family members and wants their validation

but does not like being deprived of independence. 

Treatment Plan and recommendations-  

1. ADHD medication and anti-anxiety medications to stabilize his moods.

2. Psychoanalytic therapy to recognize his unresolved childhood issues, and negative

thinking patterns and to work on inner child healing.


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CASE-3

CASE HISTORY

Demographic data

Name :                                                             Soumya . S

Age :                                                                30

Education:                                                      Engineering

Mother tongue:                                               Chattisgarh

Gender:                                                           Female 

Family:                                                           Joint family

Occupation:                                                    Software enginner

Religion:                                                         Hindu

Socio-economic status                                    Middle- class

Residence                                                        HRBR layout, Kalyan nagar

Referred by                                                     Self- referred

Name of Examiner                                          Mr. Ahmed Asif

Intake interview                                              Unstructured interview

Informant’s report                                          NIL

Presenting Complaints

“I want to be happy”

Existential questioning - from 2 years

“ i feel angry and frustrated”

“ mood swings”
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“ I slapped myself”

“I get a feeling of living or dying”

“ Smoking, cleaning helps me “

“At night, i feel like someone is coming to hurt me”

History of presenting complaints

 The client presents herself as an introvert and complains of having mood swings, and

existential questioning for 2 years, and is frustrated and angry.

 She questions herself  “Should I do things my age” and thoughts like “ If I’m productive

for 3 days, I feel I can't do anything, days I’m not productive I feel guilty. She wants to

do things she missed out on. She didn't make her parents happy like she was supposed to,

but fulfilling it now

 At 22-23 years old, she had a breakup and it took 3 years to get out of it, didn't date

anybody after that

 Started smoking marijuana after coming out of her home which suppressed feelings. She

has a lot of negative thoughts, and bad dreams(horrifying) like someone wanting to hurt

her family, her sister getting chopped , seeing blood, someone burning her family.

 “ When I’m  not able to do things- I’m shitty, worthless, pretend to do things, im not

passionate”

 Her goal  is to get a feeling of fulfilment, move on and not think about failure.

Negative History-History of substance abuse (marijuana) and history of childhood trauma

(physical, emotional and sexual abuse)

Mode of onset -  Insidious


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Course of present illness- Episodic

Predisposing factor-  Her cousin had schizophrenia

Precipitating factor-  Physical , emotional, and sexual abuse in childhood

Perpetuating factor-   Substance abuse of marijuana and cigarettes

Treatment history- In 2015 she went to a therapist, but felt like she is a mental patient thus left

mid-session.

Drug history

Consumption of:

1. Marihuana

    Mode of initiation - Oral

   Salience- Coping mechamism

2. Floretine, chlorazeoam

3.  Alcohol- coping

    Mode of initiation - Oral

   Salience- Coping mechamism

Past history

The client remembers three things from childhood: First “ There is something missing from my

goal, I would run away from home, and my father had to call the police, dreamt also of it”,

second   “ Mother used to beat me, a lot, was very cruel, raged, cannot remember any physical

affection shown by her and used to beat us with everything till I fainted”, third, “Can't get up

from bed and remember every event”.  She regrets losing that time,  10 years were a hell due to

abuse by her parents, didn't feel loved and there was discrimination of gender and caste. People

used to hear them screaming in the village. According to her, the worst part is every time her
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mother used to slap her, she used to slap a 2-3-year-old kid to feel something, to find where it

was hurting her. Now she feels betrayed as nobody raised her hands on her mother. She slapped

and hurt her sister, with the intention of hurting her, didn't know who she became, and started

getting scared of herself.  She used to think too much of existential things, isolated herself, and

indulged in self-sabotaging and self-gaslighting. She used to feel like an evil person all the time

wanting to keep herself safe.

She felt like she is two people with different feelings and wants. She feels like she judges herself.

“When I imagine myself- I imagine a male ( alter ego), in dreams I see myself as a male”.

 In class 12th she started feeling depressed and started keeping things to herself and didn't talk to

anybody. At 17/18 age she got into a relationship with a guy who gave a lot of effort but she

didn't and got abusive and threatening in the relationship.  Now she cannot get intimate with

anyone physically and cannot make emotional connections with anyone. She sees dreams where

she is trying to protect someone, especially her sister,  dreams of the ghost of an old lady,  and in

those dreams, she kills everybody and keeps her mother and sister safe. 

She feels like the bedroom door will open and somebody will hurt her. ( delusion). 

In 2016 she met with an accident and after that felt scared to travel, it led to severe anxiety

(PTSD). She started smoking marijuana in  2017 and it's still continuous. “ I smoked up so much 

so i don't feel high now”. , In 2021 she had severe anxiety, her credit card maxed out, and had to

take a loan to close it. “Last time I took medication, it was horrible- I was manic that time, I felt

like I'm killing the dog, cutting my hand” - February 2022.  She felt dissociated from herself and

had thoughts of hanging herself, it felt relieving.  She has self-doubts, dismisses her feelings

She feels paranoid, “if someone is there, I feel they are suspecting me”. Sleep with pepper spray

in hand.  Her mother’s call triggered her. Now she is hyper-independent. She has waves of
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sadness and hates festivals. She feels like people are coming to hurt her and also feels a burning

sensation in her arms and back. She has nightmares that someone is coming to hurt her. In April

2022, she had episodes of depression and mania. She relates to hypomania and gets confused

about dates, times, and forgets a lot. She indulges in self-cutting. She has feelings of

worthlessness and failure.

Family history

Born out of non-consanguineous marraige. The client comes from a poor family, her father’s

brother sponsored her education. Her father did not save money and eventually became a farmer.

Her mother was a character assassinator.  She feels like her mother is two different individuals -

sometimes attached and sometimes is not and she never hugged her and was emotionally

unavailable. Her father was negligent and has felt things but can't express them. She was

sexually abused by her cousin.

                     
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                           Genogram

Home environment- The client had been in a physically and emotionally abusive household

with neglected parents.

Personal History

Birth and development- There is no accurate information of the prenatal, natal and post-natal

history.

Developmental history - According to the informant, he motor development, adaptive

development, speech development and social development were normal. There is presense of

parental lack as the father was emotionally absent and mother was physically abusive. She was

also sexually abused by her cousin.

Educational history- Software engineering

Occupational history- Software engineer

Sexual history - Client cannot get sexually intimate with anyone.

Marital History- The client is non-married 

Premorbid personality

 Attitudes towards others in social, family and sexual relationships

Before the abuse , her mother was her hero and she looked upto her

 Attitudes towards self

As a kid she was sensitive and was imaginative. She had goals for herself and wanted to be a

journalist. 

 Mood

Growing up she had a positive attitude.


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MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

General appearance and behavior

The client had come for the online session by her own.she looked like her age and was in

appropriate clothing, was kempt.  She was hostile and resistant. It was difficult to maintain eye

contact. She wanted to leave mid-session.

Psychomotor activity- Increased.

Speech 

 Quantity-  paucity

 Inoherent and Irelevant

 Pitch-normal

  Tone -monotone

 Volume- monotone

 Rate- soft

Mood 

 Subjective - The client seemed to be in irritable mood.

 Objective-  Apprehensive

Affect

 Appropriatness- normal

 Intensity- flat affect

 Variability-  Constricted

 Range- restricted

 Reactivity- normal

Thought- 
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 Possession of thought:  Passivity of impulses and volition- She used to slap a child and

her sister as her mother slapped her.

 Thought content: Delusional perception and mood

1. Obsessions: The client sleeps by holding a pepper spray

2. Overly valued ideas: to be hyper independent

 Delusions:  Persecutory 

Sample-  She feels like the bedroom door will open and somebody will hurt her-“I feel

like someone is trying to hurt me”.

Perception - 

 Tactile hallucination- The client felt a burning sensation in her arms and back

 Dissociation and derealization

1.  “I was manic  that time, I felt like I'm killing the dog, cutting my hand” 

2. “When I imagine myself- I imagine a male ( alter ego), in dreams I see myself as

a male”

Cognitive Functions

 Attention and Concentration -  Normal

 Orientation - Oriented to time, place and person.

 Memory 

 Immediate memory -  intact

 Recent memory – intact

 Remote memory – intact

 Intelligence - The client  was able to give  general information about himself, good

comprehension 
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 Abstraction -  Normal

 Judgment 

 Social judgment- Normal

 Personal judgment- Poor (Self-sabotaging)

  Insight - Level 4: The client is aware that the illness is due to something unknown in the

them.

Diagnostic formulation

Provisional Diagnosis-  6C41.6 Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (ICD-11)

Impressions and Interpretations-  Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder is characterized by

psychotic symptoms (e.g., delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized

behaviour) that develop during or soon after intoxication with or withdrawal from cannabis. The

intensity or duration of the symptoms is substantially in excess of psychotic-like disturbances of

perception, cognition, or behaviour that are characteristic of Cannabis intoxication or Cannabis

withdrawal. (ICD-11) Other disorders such as schizophrenia and mood disorders has been ruled

out as the symptoms did not preceed the onset of cannabis use.

Summary and recommendations- The client is diagnosed with Cannabis-induced psychotic

disorder with mostly delusional symptoms specifically persecutary as well as some symptoms of

dissociation. The client also has obsessive thoughts of danger. She has a lot of triggers due to the

physical abuse in childhood.


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Treatment plan and recommendations-

1. CBT, DBT , Gestalt therapy such as two chair technique with mother as well as

psychoanalytic therapy to work on the inner child healing and person-centered therapy.

2. Anti-psychotic medications

CASE 4

CASE HISTORY

Demographic data
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Name:                                                     Anushruta             

Age:                                                        20          

Education:                                               Engineering student, 3rd year 

Mother tongue:                                        Kannada

Gender:                                                    he/him  

Sex:                                                          Male

Family:                                                     Nuclear   

Occupation:                                              Student

Religion:                                                   Hindu

Socio-economic status                              Middle class

Residence                                                  Whitefield, Bangalore

Referred by                                               Self- referred

 Informant’s report                                    NIL

Name of Examinor                                   Mr Ahmed Asif

Intake interview

Presenting Complaints

According to the Patient

 “Lack of motivation, don't feel like doing anything” - started in September 2021 after

exams

 “Suicidal thoughts” - during the night in 2019

 “Every time I leave my house I keep checking my bag”

 “Every time I go to the bathroom I check for cleanliness” 

 “I don't consider myself straight, bi, or pansexual”


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History of presenting complaints

 The client lacks motivation and doesn't feel like doing anything, which according to him

can be because of the pressure of his exams and internships. The client feels disconnected

and distant, afraid that everybody hates him.

 The client keeps checking his bag every time he leaves his house and checks for

cleanliness in the bathroom. He rewashes his hands and penis 5-6 times a day which gets

worse when he is stressed and constantly checks Instagram for fear of missing out on

content.

 The longer he doesn't work out, the worse he feels.  Thoughts like “ I cannot do this” and

regrets not taking therapy before. He could do anything before March 2020 but after that,

his routine evolved.

 Suicidal thoughts at night started in 12th grade, 2019. 

Negative History- There is no information on negative history.

Mode of onset - Insidious

Course of present illness-  Continous

Predisposing factor-  There is no predisposing factor reported

Precipitating factor-  In childhood, the client was shamed for not washing his penis after the

toilet which triggered his obsessions for washing repeatedly.

Perpetuating factor-   Stress regarding exams and internship

Treatment history- There is no information on treatment history

 Drug history - There is no information on drug history

 Past history
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The client’s obsessions started in childhood when he was humiliated by someone for not washing

his penis after urinating. In childhood after he peed, his mother used to smell and check so he

used to smell his hand and see if its clean. This eventually turned into obsessions to check if he is

clean and indulges in compulsions by checking and washing his hands and penis repeatedly.

He would also lock his scooter , unlock and lock it again.

In 2019 , while riding a yulu , his phone fell from his pocket. After that he constantly started

checking his pocket for phone, because it feels like it will fall. Constantly checks instagram and

obliged to check everybody’s account due to fear of missing out on content and watches youtube

to refresh.The client thinks that if he is sleep-deprived something bad will happen.

He feels inferior because he thinks if he falls sick, he’ll die, and has death anxiety. He lived a

comfortable like life, and never put efforts , but from college, it changed.

Feels like he has OCD and hypochondria and relates to depression too.

Random suicidal thoughts like- “ if i kill myself, who will be sad?”

He dismisses sexual identity because feels like it's about privileged but questions his gender

identify. He wants to present himself in a feminine way and does feel like cross-dressing, and his

girlfriend is supportive of expression. He always wanted long hair since childhood and has lots

of dreams as a woman, fantasizing to change from a man to a woman.  

Currently he describes himself as  non-binary and it  feels best according to him but he always

wanted to fix into a box in the QUEER community. His parents accepted him as being queer but 

his they think his therapy is only regarding sexual issues. He feels like he was made to live up to

the expectations of his parents, wanted to do filming but his family wanted to engineer. 

His relationship with his girlfriend R was going well but recently broke up as she cheated on her.


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Family history - Born out of non-consanguineous marraige.

                                                                  Genogram

Home environment- The client lived a comfortable lifestyle in his childhood.

Personal History

Birth and development

There is no accurate information on the prenatal, natal, and post-natal history.

Developmental history

According to the informant, motor development, adaptive development, speech development and

social development were normal.  All the milestones are said to be normal.

Educational history   - Started Jee but he did not get into IIT. Now he is now in NIT

Occupational history- The client is a student

Sexual history - The client doesn't consider himself straight, bi or pansexual. He labels himself as

non-binary.
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Marital History - The client is non-married

Premorbid personality

 Attitudes toward others in social, family, and sexual relationships

The client reported having to always comply with his parent’s requests. His family forced him to

study engineering.

 Attitudes towards self

The client had a positive attitude toward the self.

 Mood

The client had a positive mood toward life.

MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

General appearance and behavior


MR Anushruta, aged 20 with a relaxed posture, well-groomed, and looked age-appropriate came

by self for an online therapy session.  The rapport was well-established with the client, and eye-

to-eye contact was maintained. Attitude towards the examiner was cooperative

No abnormal motor movement was observed during the session. His facial expressions seemed

interested.

Psychomotor activity- Normal

Speech 

 Quantity-  expansive

 Coherent and relevant

 Pitch-normal

  Tone - soft- spoke


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 Volume- soft

 Rate- Normal

Mood 

 Subjective - The client seemed to be in confused

 Objective-  Apprehensive

Affect

 Appropriateness- normal

 Intensity- normal

 Variability- normal

 Range- normal

 Reactivity- normal

Thought-  

 Stream of thought was consistent.

 Thought content : 

1. Obsessions - Checking for cleanliness, fear of missing out on social media content, and

fear of losing his phone

2. Compulsions - Rewashing hands and penis, checking each and every post on Instagram,

and checking his pocket for the phone.

 The client also has death anxiety and feels like he will die if he falls sick.

 Primary delusions - Random suicidal thoughts like- “ if I kill myself, who will be sad?”

Perception - No abnormalities in perception were observed, no illusions or hallucinations in any

modality.

Cognitive Functions
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 Attention and Concentration -  Normal

 Orientation - Oriented to time, place and person.

 Memory 

 Immediate memory -  intact

 Recent memory – intact

 Remote memory – intact

 Intelligence - The client  was able to give  general information about himself, good

comprehension 

 Abstraction -  Normal

 Judgment 

 Social judgement- Normal

 Personal judgement- confused

  Insight - Level 5: The client has intellectual awareness of his illness but does not know

what led to his emotional issues

Diagnostic formulation

Provisional Diagnosis-  F42 Obsessive- compulsive disorder

Impressions and Interpretations-  Obsessional thoughts are ideas, images or impulses that

enter the individual's mind again and again in a stereotyped form. Compulsive acts or rituals are

stereotyped behaviours that are repeated again and again. In this case, the client has obsessive

thoughts of cleanliness which were distressing and made him engage in compulsive rituals like

washing repeatedly.
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Summary and recommendations - The client was diagnosed with Obsessive-compulsive

disorder with mostly obsessions of cleaniless and compulsions like washing hands and penis

repeatedly, checking his pocket for phone and checking and checking instagram repeatedly. The

client also has hypochondriac symptoms as he thinks he will die if he falls sick.

The client is also queer and questions his gender identity. He labels himself as non-binary and

says he does not relate to either straight, gay or bisexual.

Treatment plan and intervention-

1. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

The client was asked to read about cognitive biases and was made to understand that sickness is

not equal to death and that he catastrophizes and generalizes, jumps to conclusions.

2. Psychoanalytic therapy to understand the unconscious thoughts and emotions rooted in

his childhood that led to the obsessions of cleaning his hands and penis and to correct his

irrational thoughts patterns.


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CASE 5

Demographic data

Name :                                                                 Anirudh                       

Age :                                                                    13       

Education :                                                          8th standard

Gender:                                                                Male

Family:                                                                Nuclear

Occupation:                                                         Student                       

Socio-economic status                                         Middle class                                                     

Referred by                                                          Self- referred

Name of Examinor                                              Ms Fardeen Rafique

Intake interview                                                  Unstructured interview

 Informant’s report

Relationship of the client                                  Mother

Reliability                                                              Reliable

Adequacy of the informant                                   Adequate

Presenting Complaints

According to the mother

 The client refuses to study, and has increased defiant behavior such as refusing to listen

to commands, lying, refusal to do schoolwork

 The client is stubborn and unbothered


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 The issues were overlooked while he was younger, but have become serious causes for

worry after he became 10 years old.

History of presenting complaints

 The client has been reported to exhibit the presenting complaints for 10 years old, with an

increased habit of lying and increasing defiant behavior that was assumed to be normal at

the time by parents

 The client has exhibited regular resistance and underperformance in school work and

completion of assigned school work, also repeated conflict with his elder sister. He has

also been reported to have a preoccupation with playing on his phone and watching TV.

 The mother reports having to constantly discipline him and complains of his gullibility to

claims of his peers and in not understanding social norms such as telling the neighbors

about things that happen at home. 

  The client is reported to have fights with his sister due to comparing his parent’s

attitudes towards him and her.  

Negative History-  There is no accurate information on the client’s negative history.

Mode of onset - Insidious with onset at age 10

Course of present illness-  Continous

Predisposing factor-    All the family members have an angry temperament.

Precipitating factor-  There is no precipitating factor reported

Perpetuating factor-   Conflict with parents

Treatment history - The client has not consulted any psychiatric evaluation before. 

Drug history-  There is no information


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Past history

The client has been reported to exhibit the presenting complaints for 10 years old, with an

increased habit of lying and increasing defiant behavior that was assumed normal at the time by

his parents.The client has exhibited regular resistance and underperformance in school work and

completion of assigned school work, also repeated conflict with his elder sister. He has also been

reported to have a preoccupation with playing on his phone and watching TV. The father, has an

authoritarian style of parenting and is a disciplinarian. Child’s mother Mrs Kavitha reports to be

the more nurturing one in the family. She has expressed distress at the child’s refusal to listen to

the parents’ requests and commands, the constant conflict between her children and having to get

angry to make him listen. She reports to have to constantly discipline him and complains of his

gullibility to claims of his peers and in not understanding social norms such as telling the

neighbours about things that happen at home. He has an elder sister at 18 years of age that the

mother has reported to have constant fights with the patient. The client is reported to have fights

with her due to comparing his parent’s attitude towards him and her. Mrs Kavita has informed

that the entire family has a temperamental predisposition to get angry quite easily that lead to

more frequent conflicts. Mrs Kavita has informed that to her knowledge there is no family

history of similar issue. The client has reported that he sees no issue with his behaviour, and that

his defiant behaviour is because his parents only command him with work but not his sister. He

reports that his main issue of conflict is with his parents is over his studies and feels like he is

rarely disrespectful.

Family history
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Born out of non-consanguineous marraige.

                                                                   Genogram

Home environment

The father, Mr Nanda Kishore is 47 years old and works as an accountant in a private firm. He is

the decision maker in the family and has an authoritarian style of parenting and is a

disciplinarian. Child’s mother Mrs Kavitha is 37 years old homemaker, she reports to be the

more nurturing one in the family.He has an elder sister at 18 years of age that the mother has

reported to have constant fights with the client.

Personal History

Birth and development

Mrs Kavita’s pregnancy with client Anirudh was uneventful. He was born full term through a C-

section, with birth cry present. Mother reported that he  had a late onset of standing at 1 year,

walking without support at 1 year 2 months and began talking at 1 year six months. She reports

that he still has difficulties pronouncing certain syllables. He has experienced no major illnesses
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or injuries ill date but experiences some physical illnesses such as chronic backpain and calcium

deficiency.

Developmental history

According to the informant, the client has started LKG at 3years 10 months, he was seen to be

sociable and friendly. He is seen to have a good relationship with friends and a large quantity of

said friends. He was said to score above average with the assistance of mother during studying.

He was reported to be good at memorization but a diminished interest in subjects except History

and Biology. He is said to not get into fights and be amicable in general. Due to 4 teachers

reports of him being resistant to homework, lying about said schoolwork and mother has

reported that he is careless with school supplies.

Educational history - The client is in 8th standard

Occupational history- The client is a student

Sexual History-        NIL

Marital History-  The client is non-married

Premorbid personality

 Attitudes towards others in social, family and sexual relationships-

Anirudh was reported to be sociable and friendly and compliant to parents and their requests

 Attitudes towards self-

The patient expressed a positive attitude towards themselves 

 Mood-

The patient has been seen to have a quick to anger temperament

MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION


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General appearance and behaviour

The client had a relaxed slouched posture, he seems unbothered by surrounding events and

reluctant to co-operate. He did not have good rapport and relied on his mother to relay the events

Psychomotor activity- The client exhibited limited eye contact and exhibited fidgeting

behaviour

Speech 

 Quantity-   Paucity

 Coherent and relevant

 Pitch-normal

  Tone - normal

 Volume- soft

 Rate- normal

Mood 

 Subjective - The client seemed to be nervous

 Objective-  Apprehensive

Affect

 Appropriatness- normal

 Intensity- normal

 Variability- normal

 Range- normal

 Reactivity- normal
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Thought-  Stream of thought was consistent, no signs of circumstantiality, thought blocking. He

exhibited no possessions and no abnormal content

Perception - No abnormalities in perception were observed, no illusions or hallucinations in any

modality.

Cognitive Functions

 Attention and Concentration -  Normal

 Orientation - Oriented to time, place and person.

 Memory 

 Immediate memory -  intact

 Recent memory – intact

 Remote memory – intact

 Intelligence - The client  was able to give  general information about himself, good

comprehension 

 Abstraction -  Normal

 Judgment 

 Social judgement- Normal

 Personal judgement- Positve

  Insight - Level 1

Diagnostic formulation

Provisional Diagnosis-   6C90  Oppositional defiant disorder (ICD 11)

Impressions and Interpretations- Oppositional defiant disorder is a persistent pattern (e.g., 6

months or more) of markedly defiant, disobedient, provocative or spiteful behaviour that occurs
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more frequently than is typically observed in individuals of comparable age and developmental

level and that is not restricted to interaction with siblings. Oppositional defiant disorder may be

manifest in prevailing, persistent angry or irritable mood, often accompanied by severe temper

outbursts or in headstrong, argumentative and defiant behaviour. (ICD 11)

Summary and recommendations- In this case, the client showed increasing defiant behaviours

from the age of 10 , with the mother constantly having difficulty to discipline him. The client has

been in disruptive fights with his sister, and have showed regular underperformance in school.

Treatment plan and interventions-  

1. Family therapy

2. Parent skills training

3. Social skills learning 


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CHAPTER III

ASSESSMENTS

1. JPMR
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Progressive muscle relaxation (JPMR) is an anxiety-reduction technique first introduced by

American physician Edmund Jacobson in the 1930s. The technique involves alternating tension

and relaxation in all of the body's major muscle groups.  It is a type of relaxation technique that

can help individuals reduce stress, enhance relaxation states, and improve overall well-being.

Psychometric properties

JPMR has been proven to be an effective tool in reducing anxiety and is quite reliable.

According to research by Joy, Jose and Nayak (2014) JPMR was found to be effective in

reducing social anxiety.

Type of psychological tool

JPMR is used as a relaxation technique for various anxiety-related disorders

Analysis

JPMR has been used on a client named Nissiman with social anxiety disorder. The client chief

complaints included not being able to talk to strangers, and not being able to initiate conversation

with friends. It was found that the client felt much more relaxed after the JPMR session and was

able to regulate his anxiety.

2. BODY SCAN

The body scan is a mindfulness meditation practice involving scanning your body for pain,

tension, or anything out of the ordinary. It can help you feel more connected to your physical and

emotional self. Research shows that it has been proven to improve sleep, relief anxiety and stress

increase self-awareness,reduce pain, and also reduce cravings. 

John Kabat-Zinn coined the phrase "body scan" in his 1970s mindfulness-based stress reduction

(MBSR) program (Anlayo, 2020).


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Psychometric properties

 The sympathetic nervous system is activated when we are under stress and our bodies go into

"fight or flight" mode. This reaction was shown to be moderated by frequent body scan

meditations by Ditto et al. (2006), with participants' bodies spending less time in the sympathetic

"fight or flight" state and more time in the parasympathetic "rest and digest" state. ( Positive

Psychology, 2023)

Type of psychological tool

Body scan is a mindfulness-based relaxation technique or meditation technique used for various

stress-related disorders.

Analysis

The body scan technique was on the Case 1 client, Faisal with bipolar disorder. The result

showed that the client was able to be mindful of his thoughts and was more aware of his body

sensations.

3. IPDE

The IPDE or International personality disorder examination was created as part of the WHO/NIH

Joint Programme for the Diagnosis and Classification of Mental Disorders, and it offers a

standardised method for evaluating personality disorders in accordance with both the DSM-

IVTM and the ICD-10 (Loranger,2023).

Psychometric properties

There are 157 total items, and they are divided up into 6 categories: work, self, interpersonal

relationships, affects, reality testing and impulse control.  Items may be given a score of 0 (not

present or within normal range), 1 (present but to a lesser extent), or 2 (pathological, satisfies
P a g e | 54

criteria requirements). The IPDE has been widely adopted by mental health professionals

throughout the world because to its high level of usability and practicality in clinical settings.

Comparable to other instruments used to diagnose psychoses, mood, anxiety, and drug use

disorders, it has shown interrater reliability and temporal stability  (Loranger,2023).

Type of psychological tool

IPDE is a diagnostic tool to assess various personality disorders.

Analysis

IPDE was observed on a session conducted on a client named Tanu with Borderline Personality

traits. 

4. BECK’S DEPRESSION INVENTOR

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report measure of the severity of depression.The

BDI was created by psychiatrist Dr. Aaron T. Beck and released in 1961. Each of the 21 items on

the BDI corresponds to a symptom of depression. (Cuncic,2022)

Psychometric properties

The BDI measures the severity of depression. It can be used to screen for depression and track

treatment progress. BDI is a self-report questionnaire. This implies that it relies on the patient's

own perception of their symptoms. The BDI has a high level of validity and reliability. The BDI-

II's test-retest reliability ranged between 0.73 and 0.92, indicating that scores are stable over

time. The internal consistency of the BDI-II was 0.90, indicating that the questionnaire items

measure the same construct and are related. (Cuncic,2022).

Type of psychological tool

Beck’s depression inventory is a screening test used to screen for depression.


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5. HAMILTON ANXIETY RATING SCALE.

The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A, Hamilton, 1969) was presented as a rating scale for the

severity of anxiety neurosis. The HAM-A was one of the earliest rating scales created to measure

the severity of anxiety symptoms, and it is still extensively used in clinical and scientific settings

today. The scale assesses both psychic anxiety (mental agitation and psychological distress) and

somatic anxiety (physical complaints related to anxiety) (Hamilton,1959).

Psychometric properties

According to research by Clark and Donovan. Hamilton anxiety rating scale The HARS

exhibited good construct validity, showing statistically significant relationships with independent

self-report measures of generalized anxiety and other anxiety variables. (Clark and Donovan,

1994).

Type of psychological tool

HAM-A is an assessment scale to find the severity of anxiety in a client.

Analysis

HAM-A was used on the client Parikshit with ADHD to find out the severity of his anxiety. It

was found that the client had a score of 23 which is interpreted as mild to moderate severity.

CHAPTER IV

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
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My area of interest as a clinical psychology student was practical applications of psychology,

and my goal was to work directly under the supervision of licenced clinical psychologists. The

objective was to learn more about the applied field of psychology in order to be able to converse

with clients, take case histories, conduct mental examinations, and conduct client assessments. 

My time at the Inspiron mental health centre was extremely insightful and intriguing. I was able

to directly observe therapy sessions and distinguish between various therapies, such as cognitive-

behavioural therapy, gestalt therapy such as the empty chair and two chair techniques, exposure

therapy, psychoanalysis, etc. 

In addition to learning JPMR and Body scan techniques, I participated in additional assessments

observations such as ADHD test, the IPDE, and the Back's Depression Inventory.

Some of the crucial skills learned were grounding methods, rapport building, doing assessments

on a client and psychoeducating the client. I learned about boundary setting, inner child healing

(such as sending a letter to a younger self), emotional processing, mindfulness, the DEARMAN

Technique, parenting styles, attachment patterns, and sleep hygiene techniques etc.

I attended a psychoanalytic workshop on various sorts of trauma. I also participated in the

Inspiron community initiative where we had to raise awareness of mental health issues among

those residing in HSR Layout.

During the internship as part of ethical concerns, I had to refrain from using the client's name in

order to protect confidentiality, and I also had to safeguard the integrity of the client files.

CHAPTER V
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SUMMARY

During my time of internship at Inspiron Psychological Wellbeing Centre, I learned how to take

case history and Mental Status Examination. I also observed various online therapy sessions

conducted at the centre, as we sat through the sessions with the therapists. After each session, I

had to discuss my takeaway from the case. Along with these sessions, I was also given some

cases, in which I had to formulate the cases, give a diagnosis and short-term and long-term goals

for it. I learned how to conduct various assessments and relaxation techniques. 

As an upcoming professional in the field of psychology, I would like to suggest that we should

inculcate the habit of reading research papers to stay up to date with the new progress and

changes in the field. We should also get experience in different types of work settings be it

hospitals, NGOs, schools, government organizations, community projects, etc, to get an idea as

to what suits best our passion. Lastly, we should continuously take part in mental health

awareness programs and provide psychological first aid to people in need which would not only

reduce stigma in society but also help the underprivileged be more aware of their mental

wellbeing which is as important as physical health.

Overall, the experience at Inspiron was so really good and the amount of knowledge gained was

also huge as this is my first clinical internship/observership. I was able to achieve my objective

of  learning the application of various psychological theories in therapy and administration of

various tools and assessments and to have an experience in the professional arena of the various

fields of psychology. This would not have been possible without the guidance of my internal

supervisor Dr Sweta Kulkarni Ma’am and external supervisor Ms .Aditi Shankar Ma’am who
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were very supportive and helpful throughout the experience. I believe that I can apply the

knowledge learned in my upcoming experiences in the field of psychology.


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REFERENCES

Joy, F. E., Jose, T. T., & Nayak, A. K. (2014, March). EFFECTIVENESS OF JACOBSON’S
PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION (JPMR) TECHNIQUE ON SOCIAL ANXIETY
AMONG HIGH SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN A SELECTED SCHOOL OF UDUPI
DISTRICT, KARNATAKA STATE. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, 04(01), 086–
090. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703737

Ph.D., A. O. (2021, December 4). How to Perform Body Scan Meditation: 3 Best Scripts.
PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/body-scan-meditation/

Body Scan Meditation: Benefits and How to Do It. (n.d.). Body Scan Meditation: Benefits and
How to Do It. https://www.healthline.com/health/body-scan-meditation

Cart® Team and others, T. Z. (n.d.). IPDE-ICD-10 International Personality Disorder


Examination. IPDE-ICD-10 International Personality Disorder Examination.
https://www.annarbor.co.uk/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=416_248_207

CLARK, D. B., & DONOVAN, J. E. (1994, March). Reliability and Validity of the Hamilton
Anxiety Rating Scale in an Adolescent Sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(3), 354–360. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199403000-00009

Organization, W. H. (1992, January 1). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural
Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines.
https://doi.org/10.1604/9789241544221

Association Staff, A. P. (2013, May 22). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DSM-5.

A. (2002, January 1). A Short Textbook of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1604/9788171799879


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ANNEXURE

CERTIFICATE
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WEEK - 1 

DATE- March 6, 2023 - March 11, 2023

Learning

I have been doing my internship from Inspiron Psychological Wellbeing Centre, Indira Nagar ,

Bengaluru. It is private clinic with experienced psychologists founded by  Priyanka  M B ma’am

with both psychologist and psychiatrist consultation, psychological assessments,and various

types of therapy. We are required to sit and observe the therapy sessions conducted at the centre

and then we discuss the cases and its appropriate therapeutic interventions with the therapists.

We are also given cases which we need to give a diagnosis and its short term and long term

goals.

In the first week I have attented a total of 10 sessions. Among them, i have observed a 20 year

old client with social anxiety, another client with high anxiety and suicidal thoughts, two client

with possible BPD traits. I also obverved and learned ADHD test, grounding technique. IPDE. I

did a case formulation of a BPD client.

Despite the challenges it was a very good experience as we get to learn how therapeutic

techniques actually work.

Challenges Faced-

Some of the challenges which i faced was that we were not able to meet or talk to the clients

directly as we only attended the online therapy sessions. This is because clients are not very

confortable talking to interns. Another challenge was lack of expertise and knowledge of certain

assessments due to which we cannot administer these assessments on clients.

WEEK - 2 

DATE- March 13, 2023 to March 18 ,2023


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Learning

In the second week I attented a total of 9 sessions. During the session with 20 year old client with

social anxiety, there were interventions such as boundary making, emotional processing, empty

chair technique. I attented one session of  a client with high stress with whom DEARMAN

technique was discussed. I also attended a workshop on trauma and attachment styles. Moreover

I observed the first session of a couple seeking couple therapy in which rapport building was

observed. I also learn Body Scan administration

Challenges Faced-

The only challenge faced this week was not being able to meet the clients directly. Regardless I

got more comfortable and confident this week and actively participated in the discussions of the

cases.

WEEK - 3

DATE- March 20, 2023 to March 28, 2023[

Learning

In the third week , I attended a total of 11 therapy sessions, one psychiatric consultation, three

case formulations and learned one assessment.  In one of the sessions, I learned about defense

mechanisms and in another, i learned about sleep hygiene techniques. I also attended a co-

therapy session of a BPD client. I was also given three cases to work on, where i had to give

short term and long-term goals. Among the cases, one was of a client with binge eating patterns,

addiction whose provisional diagnosis given was Eating disorder, unspecified. I attented a

psychiatric consultation of a client with alcohold dependence and learned to administer Beck’s

depression Inventory

Challenges faced
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This week was very insightful as I was more involved in the cases. One of the challenges faced

was language barrier as the psychiatric consultation was done in Kannada.

WEEK - 4 

DATE- March 29, 2023, to April 7, 2023

Learning

In the last week , I attended a total of 8 therapy sessions. I had been attenting a couple therapy

session. I also observed a follow up session of the client Soumya with substance induced

psychosis. I also started reading case files for the case report and collected data for case history

and MSE and discussed the cases with the assigned therapists

Challenges faced

This week i was able to understand the cases  in depth. One of the challenges faced was not

being able to conduct MSE directly with the client. I could only collect data from the therapist’s

case files.
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LOG SHEETS
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PLAGIARISM REPORT

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