Week 13: Digital Self

Digital literacy skills

 Empower you to work effectively and safely online whether you’re at work, studying or at home
•this questionnaire is one of will help you learn the skills you need to succeed in digital age
•the aim of this activity has been to give you an idea about how confident you are at creating
information online

Digital Website
-can help you to improve your skills in areas where you are less confident

Digitally Confident
-if you rated yourself mostly as option A

Less Digitally Confident

-if you rated yourself mostly as option B

What is Your Online Identity?

-Using the internet, it is the sum of your characteristics and interactions represented. Results from
different interactions with each website visited, showing a different picture of who you are and what
you do

The Digital Self

With the influx of digital technology, a new version of the self is formed the digital self

Self and Others in Cyberspaces

Digital literacy – is defined as those capabilities possessed by individuals who are living, learning
and working in a digital society.
In cyberspace, people are more willing to speak out and misbehave without fear and disapproval and
punishment from authority figures.
In cyberspaces, authority is minimized

Online Disinhibition
Online disinhibition- is the tendency of people to feel more relaxed, less restrained and tend to
express themselves more openly
This is lack of restraint one feels when communicating online in comparison to communicating in
person

Two Categories of Online Disinhibition

Benign Disinhibition (Positive Disinhibition)
 It could be a cathartic experience which gives oppurtunity to reveal secret emotions, fears and
wishes
 On the benign side, the disinhibition indicates an attempt to understand and explore oneself, to
work through problems, and find new ways of being
 People can be extremely generous and kind to others in the virtual world
 Another benign disinhibition is to combat loneliness and depression through online interaction
 Social interaction may moderate negative moods
 Online disinhibition can also enhance self-esteem and self-confidence
 Using the Internet could be an avenue to find satisfying relationships to privide emotional
support
Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place using electronic technology

Cyber Harassment is the use of InformationandCommunicationTechnology(ICT) to

harass,control, manipulate or habitually disparage a child,adult, business or group without a direct or
implied threat of physical harm. It is the adult form of cyber bullying

Digital Identity (DI)

 Refers to anything that describes a person an individual present across all the digital spaces
that he/she represented in

Week 14: Learning to be a Better Student

 What happens in the brain while learning?
Learning takes place at synapses, the junctions between neurons
1. How neuron reacts to new information
2. How we make new information easy to learn
3. How the brain stores new information
4. How we learn new information effectively

 How we make new information easy to learn?

Along with the new information comes an element,like an image,anemotion,or a sound, to which
release the new information
Ex:
Tom associates boxing with exercise and stress release

 How the brain stores new information

The brain allocates space where this new information is stored. The more synapses fire when the
new information is used,the more it’s allocated brain space grows
Ex:
Tom enjoy boxing and now takes classes thrice a week

 How we learn new information effectively?

The more the synapses on the new information fire, the more we truly learn it
Ex:
According to his trainer, Tom’s regular practice pays off. He gets better and better at the sport

METACOGNITIVE PROCESS
This is a learning model that treats the brain similarly to a computer

SENSORY MEMORY>WORKING MEMORY>LONG-TERM MEMORY

Sensory- we take in information from the environment

Working- we process it
Long-term- we output decisions

Sensory memory
 Our temporary first interaction with any information
 Iconic memory is the term for what you initially see
 Echoic memory is the term for what you initially hear
 We cannot process all sensory memory so we focus on working memory instead
Working memory
 These are our current thoughts
 We get focus on visual and spatial information and verbal information one at a time or at the
same time with the help of our contralexecutive
 The episodic buffer connects us to long term memory

Long-term memory
 These are our prior knowledge and memories
 Explicit memories are facts or events that one can clearly and definitely describe
 Episodic memories are event related memories
 Implicit memories are influenced by interpretation

Metacognition- this is a process of thinking about thinking

 Self appraisal- the personal awareness on the scope of our current knowledge and skills
 Self management of cognition- the mental process of planning on how one can be successful
at task

Elaborative Interrogation- generating an explanation for why an explicitly stated fact or concept is
true
Self explanation- explaining how new information in related to known information,or explaining steps
taken during problem solving
Summarization- writing summarise(of various lengths) of to be learned texts
Highlighting/underlying- marking potentially important portions of to be learned materials while
reading in a single study session
Keyword mnemonic- using keywords and mental imagery to associate verbal materials

Self-regulation- is a process of managing thoughts,behaviors and emotions purposefully to acquire

information of skills.
By engaging in self regulated learning,one becomes empowered and independent in tracking hjsiwn
progress and managing his own development.
Self regulated learners take full ownership of their learning. They are commonly describes as:
 More engaged in learning
 More confident to learn
 Better performer on tests

Conclusion/summary
 One model of learning is called the Information Processing Model,where the brain Is
compared to a computer
 Metacognition is our ability to think about thinking
 Through Metacognition, we are aware of our knowledge and skills and are able to plan how
we can use them so we can be successful with a task at hand
 These stages make up this model:
 Sensory memory
 Working memory
 Long-term memory
Week 15: Setting a Goals for Success

Goal Setting Concepts and Theories

1. Bandura’s Self-Efficacy
In Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, he described Self-efficacy as the confidence in
having the ability to perform certain behaviors.
It distinguishes between response-outcome expectancies and efficacy expectations

Response-outcome expectancy
-is an individuals estimation that a given behavior will lead to certain outcomes

Efficacy expectations
-is an individuals conviction that their behavior will result to their desired outcomes

2. Dweck’s Growth Mindset

Carol Dwecks is a social psychologist who described how people have two types of mindset: the fixed
mindset and the growth mindset.
Most people aren’t aware which mindset they have until it is manifested in their behaviors, especially
in their reaction to failure

Fixed Mindset
 Belief in innate abilities and have fixed theory of intelligence
 View if failure as a limitation to one’s abilities

Growth Mindset
 Belief in hard work, learning and grit and have a growth theory of intelligence
 View failure as an oppurtunity to grow

3. Locke’s Goal Setting Theory

Edwin Locke tackles the effects of setting goals ti performance in the Goal Setting Theory. He states
that individuals who state specific and difficult goals perform better than those who set general and
easy goals.
This means that the type and quality of goals we set affect how we can achieve them and whether
we achieve them or not

The five(5) principle of Effective Goal

 Clarity
 Challenge
 Commitment
 Feedback
 Task completely

Clarity- specific details give a clearer direction to the goal

Challenge- an easy goal is demotivating
Commitment- an established need to achieve the goal is necessary to gain commitment
Feedback- this helps to keep the goal on track
Task completely- be realistic with the sub-goals and timeliness

Locus of Control is the belief that one has power over the events in their lives. Some people have
strong internal locus of control, while others have a strong external locus of control
This was first explained by American Psychologist Julian Rotter
Internal Locus
I came in unprepared today and that’s the reason why I’m prone to making reading errors than usual.
I promise to always read my scripts from now on
Ex: identify the responses displays internal or external locus of control

External Locus
The production staff knows that I don’t have enough sleep. They should’ve reminded me to read my
script before going live.
I’ll raise this concern so they won’t commit this mistake again

According to Rotter’s study, people with internal locus of control are usually more motivated.
Believing that you have power over the events in your life gives you full control of your actions and
decisions

SMART GOAL SETTING

Specific
Measurable
Actionable
Realistic
Timely

Week 16-17: Taking Care of One’s Health

Self-care
Managing and caring for the self is a holistic process. There are many aspects of the self which
needs attention.
Self-care starts with taking charge of one’s health. It is important to nurture not only our physical but
especially our mental health.

Stress
 is often described as a feeling of being overwhelmed,worried or run-down.
 Often seen as negative thing. However, it can also be a good source of motivation
 Is any uncomfortable emotional experience, accompanied by predictable
biochemical,physiological and behavioral changes
Types of Stress
1. Eustress- is the term used to describe positive stress. It is often a short-term exciting feeling
that improves performance. It is something that we can handle with ease
2. Distress- is the term used ti described negative stress. It can be a short-term or a long-term
unpleasant feeling that decreases performance. It is something that is seen as difficult to
handle and may cause anxiety

Causes of Eustress
 Starting a new hobby,activity or venture
 Being in a relationship
 Aiming for a higher grade school or position of work
 Buying something from hard earned money
 Holiday seasons
Causes of Distress
 Being abused or neglected
 Separation from a loved one or ending a relationship
 Failing in school or at work
 Injury or illness of the self or loved ones
 Losing a loved one

Causes of Stress
Our feelings, thoughts, and habits can cause stress
 Personal fears
 Worrying about the future
 Repetitive thought patterns
 Unrealistic expectations

How the Body Reacts to Stress

The Stages of a Stress Reaction
Recognition>Appraisal>Mobilization>Response>Return

Recognition
This stage is characterized by the anticipation of something to hapoen,which is called demand.
For example, you recognize that the summative exams is coming up. You don’t know when it will
exactly happen,but you know it will. This awareness means you have recognized a demand

Appraisal
This stage is characterized by the formation of belief or disbelief in the ability to overcome a demand.
If you identify the demand as a threat and that there is a scarcity of resources to overcome it, you
start feeling stressed

Mobilization
This stage is characterized by how the body gets triggered and prepared when a demand is
appraised as stress. The nervous system communicates to the rest of the organs, glands, and
hormones that start reacting to the foreseen threat

Response
This stage is characterized by physical action which is usually choosing between fight or flight
Choosing to fight means facing the situation head on. Choosing flight means escaping the situation is
order neutralize it. A third possibility is to freeze a response with no physical action taken

Return
This stage is characterized by the state of mind and bodily functions going back to their usual
calm states. This only happens if a threat is neutralized or removed

THE SOCIO CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF STRESS

Stress management varies greatly depending on the socio cultural factors affecting the individual
 Independent-interdependent norms
 Collectivism- individualism norms
 Individual acculturation and ethnicity
 Controlled orientations
 Accessibilities and attitudes toward social and family support
 Degrees of religious and spiritual beliefs
Self-comparison
Is about treating yourself kindly when confronted with failure,the way you would care for a loved
One if they go through the same situation

3 COMPONENTS OF SELF-COMPARISON
1. Self Kindness
To practice self-compassion,practice self-kindness and avoid self judgement. Remember that
failing is part of life. Do not be too hard on yourself by criticizing yourself too much for things
that go wrong. Instead, be warm to yourself the way you would be to a distressed loved one

2. Common Humanity
To practice self compassion, remember common humanity and avoid isolation. This means
that you should recognize that you are not alone in suffering. All humans experience suffering.
While you’re having a hard time,somebody else is trying to face his own issues too

3. Mindfulness
To practice self compassion, practice mindfulness and avoid over identification with thoughts
and feelings. Don’t let yourself get caught up and be swept away by negative reactivity.
Instead, maintain an receptive mind state and acknowledge thoughts and feelings as they
are,without trying to surpass or deny them