S T AN D WE ST

EA R Y
IN POE T
Group 10
 Group Member
ALIFA YUSMA
ANIS MUFLIHAH
ALFIAH

1205030024 1205030037

ARIEF SARIPUDIN

1205030043
 The Ballad of East and West
Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936)
OH, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet,
Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God’s great Judgment Seat;
But there is neither East nor West, Border, nor Breed, nor Birth,
When two strong men stand face to face, tho’ they come from
the ends of the earth!
Kamal is out with twenty men to raise the Border side,
And he has lifted the Colonel’s mare that is the Colonel’s pride:
He has lifted her out of the stable-door between the dawn and the day,
And turned the calkins upon her feet, and ridden her far away.
Then up and spoke the Colonel’s son that led a troop of the Guides:
“Is there never a man of all my men can say where Kamal hides?”
Then up and spoke Mahommed Khan, the son of the Ressaldar,
“If ye know the track of the morning-mist, ye know where his pickets are.
 Summary

The ballad tells the tale of Kamal, an Afghan warrior and raider,
and a raid he made on a horse that belonged to an English colonel.

The introduction to the poem says that East is East and West is
West and the two shall never meet until Judgment Day, but that
when two strong men stand face to face, it does not matter
where they come from because geography and breed and birth no
longer matter. The refrain from the beginning of the poem
regarding East and West and strong men meeting is repeated.

Theme: that even though the two ends of
the earth cannot meet, men of each
territory can put aside their differences
of nationality, race, background, and
religion and appreciate each other’s
universal qualities of bravery, nobility,
and rectitude.
Amount of stanzas: 4
Amount of lines: 103
Mood of the speaker:
The punctuation marks are various.
Neither mark predominates.
Analysis
- That story concerns two equally-matched warriors, one
an Afghan raider and the other a British officer, a
Colonel’s son, and their rivalry that turns into great mutual
respect and admiration.
- The plot is relatively simple
- There seems to be an Oedipal element to the poem in that
the Colonel's son is trying to prove himself to his father by
getting the mare back. The mare being female is significant,
as is the praising on Kamal's part of the son's mother as a
"dam of lances" (fierce warriors).
 Early in the Morning
While the long grain is softening
in the water, gurgling
over a low stove flame, before
the salted Winter Vegetable is sliced
for breakfast, before the birds,
my mother glides an ivory comb
through her hair, heavy
and black as calligrapher’s ink.
She sits at the foot of the bed.
My father watches, listens for
the music of comb
against hair.
BY Li-young LEe (1986)
My mother combs,
pulls her hair back
tight, rolls it
around two fingers, pins it
in a bun to the back of her head.
For half a hundred years she has done this.
My father likes to see it like this.
He says it is kempt.
But I know
it is because of the way
my mother’s hair falls
when he pulls the pins out.
Easily, like the curtains
when they untie them in the evening.
 Explanation
Summary
This poem is mainly about the memories of the
writer regarding his mother's hair and how she
comb the hair in situation of the morning.
Title
Lee uses the title as the setting of the poem.
Stanza One
The first stanza of "Early in the Morning"
describing what happens at that time of day.
The writer is precise in locating the time when
his mother combs her hair. "while the 'long grain'
is softening". The "long grain" is most likely rice,
a breakfast staple for many Asian cultures.
Stanza Two
In this stanza, Lee locates his mother
in her position. The speaker not only
watches his mother but his father as
well, who is also watching the mother.
The boy's attention now is on the
father's observation of the hair-
combing ritual. The boy watches his
father watching. The sound of the
combing is so beautiful that the
speaker imagines it is "music" to his
father's ears.
 Explanation
Stanza Three
In this stanza, the speaker describes the
mother's actions step by step. It almost reads
like an instruction manual for proper hair
hygiene. Putting one's hair up often signifies that
there is work to be done. It is not unlike "rolling
up your sleeves." You do both to make sure your
hair, or your sleeves, don't get dirty. The mother
has been doing this for most of her life, as
illustrated in the line, "For half a hundred years
she has done this." Assuming she began combing
her hair when she was a child, this makes Lee
as speaker a late adolescent or young adult.
Stanza Four
For the last two stanzas, the speaker has
described his mother's morning ritual of
doing her hair and the father's response
to it, and in the last line of the third
stanza, the speaker says his father likes
his mother's hair pulled back because it is
"kempt." In this stanza, the speaker
questions the father's explanation, saying
that the reason he likes his wife's hair
pulled back is that it means that he can
undo it at the end of the day.
 Analysis

Stanza : 4 stanzas

Type : Free Verse

(Not use consistent meter pattern, rhyme, or musical pattern)

Point of View : First Person

Voice : Soft, almost sad

Language : Direct and Accessible

Figurative Language : Simile, Metaphor

Themes : Ritual, Home Life, Domesticity, Asian Culture

 Analysis

Comparation of Early in the Morning

1. 1980s: With the opening to the outside world and the steady improvement in standards of living in the
late 1970s and 1980s, Chinese women again attach great importance to their hairstyles. They begin to
put waves and curls into their hair, and some even have permanents.
Today: Chinese women can wear their hair in whatever style they like, give it the color they prefer,
wear a wig, or even have their heads shaved. Most Chinese women style their hair because they want
to improve the quality of their lives and show respect for themselves.

2. 1980s: In 1982, Chinese-American Cathy Song's first collection of poems, Picture Bride, receives the
Yale Series of Younger Poets Award; in 1989, Chinese-American Amy Tan's first novel, The Joy Luck Club,
wins the National Book Award and the L.A. Times Book Award.
Today: The readership for Asian-American literature continues to expand as Americans become more
interested in learning about the Far East and the Asian-American population increases.
 Brahma
By Ralph Waldo Emerson
If the red slayer think he slays, They reckon ill who leave me out;
Or if the slain think he is slain, When me they fly, I am the wings;
They know not well the subtle ways I am the doubter and the doubt,
I keep, and pass, and turn again. I am the hymn the Brahmin sings.

Far or forgot to me is near; The strong gods pine for my abode,

Shadow and sunlight are the same; And pine in vain the sacred Seven;
The vanished gods to me appear; But thou, meek lover of the good!
And one to me are shame and fame Find me, and turn thy back on heaven.
 Analysis

Stanza : 4
rhyme : ABAB CDCD
Point of View : First person
Theme : spoken by the Hindu deity, Brahma, ,
Emerson conveys the theme that the human soul is immortal.
Imagery: Imagery is used to make readers perceive things involving their five
senses. Ralph Waldo Emerson used imagery in this poem, such as “Far or forgot
to me is near”, “The vanished gods to me appear” and “They reckon ill who
leave me out.”
one: It means the voice of the text. The poem shows a philosophical, religious, and
dedicated tone..
 Analysis
First Stanza
In the first stanza of ‘Brahma’ the
speaker, Brahma, begins by telling
the reader that if they have any
presumptions about life or death,
they’re wrong. He says that if a
“red slayer” thinks they have killed
someone or if the “slain” think they
are dead, then they clearly don’t
understand how “he” works. The
phrase “red sayer” is a reference to
the god of death.
Second Stanza
Through contrasting images and
states of being Brahma asserts his
dominance in the second stanza. He is
attempting to show how different he
is from humanity, in the way that he
moves through, and sees the world.
To do this, he states that “Far” is
the same thing to him as “near”.
Therefore, distance has no meaning.
He can travel to one place as easily
as to another.
 Analysis
Third Stanza
Now, in the third stanza of ‘Brahma’, he
turns away from what he can do on his
own, to speak on how he is considered by
humanity. He tells the reader that
those who “leave me out” are playing a
dangerous game.
Brahma, he states, is the reason that
anything and everything happens He is
the “doubter and the doubt” and the
hymn sung by the faithful. When anyone
succeeds, it is also because of him. In the
last lines of this section, he refers to
the “Brahmin,” the highest social caste.
Fourth Stanza
in these last lines Brahma tells the
reader that even those deemed most
important by humanity, and the other
strong gods, want what he has. He has an
“abode” that includes all of the world,
and it is enviable. He speaks about the
“strong gods” such as Agni the god of fire,
and Yama, the god of war (mentioned in
the first stanza). The speaker also refers
to the “sacred Seven,” the highest holy
persons in Hinduism. Both groups seek to
draw closer to Brahma.