MODUL PERKULIAHAN

[BAHASA INGGRIS]

[Telling Past Experience]

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Studi]
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 Table of Contents

DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................. 3
A. Definition .................................................................................................................. 3
B. Reading Section ......................................................................................................... 3
...................................................................................................................................... 4
C. Generic Structure of Recount Paragraph .................................................................... 5
D. Language Focus ......................................................................................................... 5
Simple Past ............................................................................................................ 5
The simple past is a verb tense which is used to show that a completed action took place
at a specific time in the past. The simple past is also frequently used to talk about past
habits and generalizations. ............................................................................................ 5
Simple Past Forms ................................................................................................. 5
The simple past is formed using the verb + ed. In addition, there are many verbs with
irregular past forms. Questions are made with did and negative forms are made
with did not. ................................................................................................................... 5
Simple Past Tips .................................................................................................. 10
E. Exercises ................................................................................................................. 11
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 12

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 DISCUSSION

Telling Past Experience

In this lesson, you will learn about telling past experience. There are four parts discussed
in this narration. They are Definition, Reading Section, Generic Structures, and Language
Features. Each of them is elaborated as follows:

A. Definition

Telling past experience, it can be called “recount paragraph”. Recount paragraph is

paragraph which retells past events or experience for the purpose of informing or
entertaining. This could include personal events, factual incidents or imaginary incidents.

B. Reading Section

A Conference in Chicago

ORIENTATION

SEQUENCE
OF EVENTS

REORIENTATION

from: www.thoughtco.com/telling-stories-sequencing-your-ideas-1210770

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 1. Glossary
Attend (verb): to go to and be present at (event, meting, etc.)
Decided (verb) : to make a choice about (something)
Delayed (verb) : to make something happen later.
Luggage (noun): the bag and suitcases that a person carries when travelling.
Tracked down (verb): to follow or try to find something or someone
Unexpectedly (adverb): not expected
Thoroughly (adverb); completely

2. Reading Comprehension

Please answer the questions below related to the text

1. When did the author go?

2. Where did the author go?
3. What did the author attend?
4. Did the author find the luggage?
5. Where does the author come from?
6. How did the author feel in the conference?

ORIENTATION

SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS

SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS

REORIENTATION

from: http://kusuma-arie.blogspot.com/2011/06/recount-paragraph.html

1. Glossary
Stayed (verb): to stop going forward
Rode (verb): to sit on and control movement (a horse, motorcycle, bicycle, etc)
Saw (verb): to notice or become aware by using your eyes.
Horseback (noun): the back of a horse
Scary (adjective): causing fear
Scenery (noun): a view of natural features
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C. Generic Structure of Recount Paragraph

• Orientation
Setting scene and giving the necessary background information such as, who, when,
where, what, and why.
• Sequence of Events
Retelling the event in chronological order or logical sequences, usually in past (there
is no complication in recount)
• Reorientation
Including a personal comment or opinion and closing a statement
D. Language Focus

Simple Past
The simple past is a verb tense which is used to show that a completed action took place
at a specific time in the past. The simple past is also frequently used to talk about past
habits and generalizations.

Simple Past Forms

The simple past is formed using the verb + ed. In addition, there are many verbs with
irregular past forms. Questions are made with did and negative forms are made with did
not.

• Statement: You called Debbie.

• Question: Did you call Debbie?
• Negative: You did not call Debbie.

a. Most Verbs

Most verbs conjugate by adding -ed like the verb "wait" below.

Positive Negative Question

I waited. I did not wait. Did I wait?

You waited. You did not wait. Did you wait?

We waited. We did not wait. Did we wait?

They waited. They did not wait. Did they wait?

He waited. He did not wait. Did he wait?

She waited. She did not wait. Did she wait?

It waited. It did not wait. Did it wait?

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 b. Irregular Verbs

Many verbs, such as "have," take irregular forms in the simple past. Notice that you only
use the irregular verbs in statements. In negative forms and questions, "did" indicates
simple past.

Positive Negative Question

I had. I did not have. Did I have?

You had. You did not have. Did you have?

We had. We did not have. Did we have?

They had. They did not have. Did they have?

He had. He did not have. Did he have?

She had. She did not have. Did she have?

It had. It did not have. Did it have?

Example of Irregular Verbs

awake–awoke–awoken be-was, where–been

beat–beat–beat begin–began–begun
bite–bit–bitten bleed–bled–bled
blow–blew–blown break–broke–broken
bring–brought–brought build–built–built
burn–burned/burnt–burned/burnt burst–burst–burst
buy–bought–bought catch–caught-caught
come–came–come creep–crept–crept
cut–cut–cut deal–dealt–dealt
dig–dug–dug do–did–done
draw–drew–drawn drink-drank-drunk
eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen
fling-flung-flung fly-flew-flown
forget-forgot-forgotten forgive-forgave-forgiven
get-got-gotten go-went-gone
grow-grew-grown hang-hung-hung
hit-hit-hit lay-laid-laid
lead-led-led lie-lay-lain
mistake-mistook-mistaken overcome-overcame-overcame
plead-pled-pled ring-rang-rung
rise-rose-risen see-saw-seen

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sew-sewed-sewed shake-shook-shaken
shear-shore-shorn shoe-shoed-shoed
shrink-shrank-shrunk sing-sang-sung
sink-sank-sunk sit-sat-sat
speed-sped-sped spring-sprang-sprung
sting-stung-stung strive-strove-strive
swear-swore-sworn swim-swam-swum
teach-taught-taught throw-threw-threw
tread-trod-trodden wake-woke-woken
weep-wept-wept win-won-won
wring-wrung-wrung write-wrote-written

c. To Be

The verb "be" is also irregular in the simple past. Unlike other irregular verbs, there are
two simple past forms: "was" and "were." It also has different question forms and negative
forms. Always remember that you DO NOT use "did" with the verb "be" in the simple
past.

Example:

She was beautiful (correct)

She did not beautiful (incorrect)

Positive Negative Question

I was beautiful. I was not beautiful. Was I beautiful?

You were beautiful. You were not beautiful. Were you beautiful?

We were beautiful. We were not beautiful. Were we beautiful?

They were beautiful. They were not beautiful. Were they beautiful?

He was beautiful. He was not beautiful. Was he beautiful?

She was beautiful. She was not beautiful. Was she beautiful?

It was beautiful. It was not beautiful. Was it beautiful?

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 d. Modal Verbs

Modal verbs behave very strangely in the simple past. The most important verb to
remember is "must." Notice how it becomes "had to" in the simple past.

"Must" becomes "had to":

• I must call my wife now.

• I had to call my wife yesterday.

e. Simple Past Uses

Completed Action in the Past

Use the simple past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time
in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do
have one specific time in mind.

Examples:
• I saw a movie yesterday.
• I didn't see a play yesterday.
• Last year, I travelled to Japan.
• Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
• Did you have dinner last night?
• She washed her car.
• He didn't wash his car.

A Series of Completed Actions

We use the simple past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.
Examples:
• I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
• He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at
10:00.
• Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?
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 Duration in the Past

The simple past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is
a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all
day, all year, etc.
Examples:
• I lived in Brazil for two years.
• Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
• They sat at the beach all day.
• They did not stay at the party the entire time.
• We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
• A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.

Habits in the Past

The simple past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have
the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often
add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was
younger, etc.
Examples:
• I studied French when I was a child.
• He played the violin.
• He didn't play the piano.
• Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?
• She worked at the movie theater after school.
• They never went to school, they always skipped class.

Past Facts or Generalizations

The simple past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no
longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the simple past is quite similar to the
expression "used to."
Examples:
• She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
• He didn't like tomatoes before.

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• Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?
• People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

Simple Past Tips

a. Important When-Clauses Happen First

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences.
Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when
class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The
examples below contain when-clauses.

Examples:
• When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.
• She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the
simple past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar,
and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one
dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the
example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid
her one dollar.
Example:
• I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

b. Adverb Placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,
never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
• You just called Debbie.
• Did you just call Debbie?

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E. Exercises

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 REFERENCES

Saslow J. 2011. Top Notch with Active Book. English fo Today’s World. Fundamentals.
Second Edition. Pearson Longman
Bearre. K. (2019). Telling Stories: Sequencing for ESL Students. Thoughtco. Accessed by
https://www.thoughtco.com/telling-stories-sequencing-your-ideas-
1210770
______________. Simple Past. Englishpage.com. accessed by
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html

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