Report On Denting of 250 ML EOC-PAJ

༆ འབྲུག་སོ་ནམ་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཚད་འཛིན།
ཝང་ཆུ་ལྟག་པ། ཐིམ་ཕུག
Bhutan Agro Industries Limited
Wangchutaba: Thimphu
BAI/R&D/ 29th April 2023
Desk research on the issue of denting in 250 mL EOC PAJ at LP
Objective: To identify the cause(s) and rectify the denting issues in the 250 mL EOC PAJ aimed
for export to Singaporean market
Rationale: Denting of can is one of the pertinent issues faced in the canning industry. The
causes to it is multidimensional involving precise control of both operational as well as inherent
product characteristics
Some of the well-studied causes but not limited to are:
i) Underfilling: leads to various classes of dents(cl-i,cl-ii,cl-iii..) which could be controlled

by adopting filling operation from predetermined volume aided by sensor control as
reflected in the ideal filling criteria
ii) over filling: leads to bulging and capping off which can be controlled by adopting the
former filling operation technique
iii) Retort temperature & vacuum: retort is crucial in determination of vacuum which is
directly associated with maintaining pressure gradient as subjected to different place of
storage
iv) Headspace: the proper amount of headspace varies with the specific foods but a rule of
thumb indicator for low acid food as is the case for EOC-PAJ is that it should not be less
than six percent of the container volume when measured at the capping temperature.
Hypothesis
Selective factors which closely relates to the denting issue as depicted in context of this study
are drawn in the hypothesis
Variation in altitude: the vacuum would increase in cans closed at high

elevation and moved to lower altitude. Hence a precise control of vacuum in
headspace seems pertinent to control since altitude in Singapore is
considerably lower than Bhutan
Post Box No.: 329, Phone No.: +975-2-351078, 351268, Fax: +975-2-351089
Website: www.rb.bt Email: royalbhutan@rb.bt
Inference from physical observation
Upon opening the can, a swift influx of air is observed which is an indication of presence of true
vacuum. Further increase in vacuum as the can is transferred to low altitude i.e., singaprore in
this context could aggravate the formation of additional vacuum which leads to dents in can
Phase I
Underfilling………………………………………………………………………………………………………7/4/2023
In order to verify for any indications of underfilling of the can which directly relates to higher
vacuum and a subsequent dent in can, a non-destructive, gross can weight measurement was
carried out on a calibrated digital balance to either adopt or eliminate the potential causative
factors involved.
Following observations were drawn:
Can Weight in Avg wt in Range Inference Remarks

Count gram gram
1 308.48  in considering To further
2 306.65 the weight of confirm the
3 299.45 the filled can variations in
4 307.37 (gross wt) as weight
an indicator of resulted
5 300.42
underfilling of solely from
6 307.06 can, a the content
7 309.04 significant of the can, a
8 301.42 figure destructive
9 300.55 deviation in method of
10 302.04 the two- weighing can
11 302.11 303.7632 9.59 extreme content (net
12 306.58 reading(max& weight) was
min) weight carried out in
13 301.89
were observed the second
14 308.17
15 305.02 which is phase of the
16 300.02 significant study
17 301.32
 however no
18 302.09
distinct co-
19 299.58
relation could
20 303.83 be gained
21 307.22 from the
22 303.83 comparison of
23 303.21 the weights
24 299.73 sent from the
25 307 Singaporean
market in
drawing a
concrete
conclusion
Phase II…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12/4/2023
Upon a random sampling of 15 pieces of PAJ can, a destructive method of measuring the can
content or net weight was undertaken on a calibrated digital balance
Following observations were drawn
Net
Can count weight(g Average range Remarks
m)
1 258.2
2 258.7
3 258.5
4 258.9
As per the data
5 257.42 obtained, a
6 258.12 variation of 4
7 262.05 gram in the net
8 260.02 content was
9 261.08 observed
between the
10 260
258.94533 two extreme
11 258.02 4.96
3 values(max&mi
12 258.06 n)
13 260.01
14 258.01
15 257.09
Conclusion
Upon two consecutive study of determining underfilling based on weight basis, 9.59 gram of
variation in gross weight and 4.96 gram in net weight was observed.
Drawback of the study
No standardized methods and tools were employed except for analysis of data in MS.excel
sheet,2021.
Pemba Wangchuk
(Assistant manager R&D)

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༆ འབྲུག་སོ་ནམ་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཚད་འཛིན།

Desk research on the issue of denting in 250 mL EOC PAJ at LP

Some of the well-studied causes but not limited to are:

i) Underfilling: leads to various classes of dents(cl-i,cl-ii,cl-iii..) which could be controlled

Variation in altitude: the vacuum would increase in cans closed at high

Inference from physical observation

Following observations were drawn:

Can Weight in Avg wt in Range Inference Remarks

Following observations were drawn

Drawback of the study

(Assistant manager R&D)

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