Nano-Materials technology

Introduction

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 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles have been synthesized with a

number of different compositions and phases.

such as Fe3O4 and gamma-Fe2O3,pure metals, such as Fe and Co, spinel-type

ferrimagnets, such as MgFe2O4, MnFe2O4, and CoFe2O4, as well as alloys,

such as CoPt3 and FePt.

What do you mean by ferromagnetic?

Ferromagnetism is a kind of magnetism that is associated

with iron, cobalt, nickel, and some alloys or compounds

containing one or more of these elements.

superparamagnetivity occurs due to the small size of the particles. the

magnetization of paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic

materials in response to an external magnetic field.

Paramagnetic materials have a small, highly effected to

magnetic fields. ...

Ferromagnetic materials have some unpaired electrons so their

atoms have a net magnetic moment. They get their strong

magnetic properties due to the presence of magnetic domains.

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 Definition of Nanomaterials
• Nanomaterials may be classified as those materials which have
at least one of their dimensions in the nanometric range, below
which there is significant variation in the property of interest
compared to microcrystalline materials.
• Nanomaterials can be metals, ceramics, polymers or composites.
• Nanotechnology is an umbrella term for many areas of research
dealing with objects that have one of their dimensions in the realm
of a few hundreds of nanometres.

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 Nanosize and properties
For example, the change in properties of Ni when it is made in
nanocrystalline form is shown in Table 1.2.

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 Nanosize and properties
• Figure 1.8 shows that
nearly all properties like
hardness, strength,
elastic modulus, melting
point, density, thermal
conductivity, thermal
expansion coefficient,
diffusivity, and so on,
change for
nanomaterials.
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 Polyaniline ( PAN )

Polyaniline nanofibers are a high aspect form of polyaniline, a

polymer consisting of aniline monomers, which appears long with

an average diameter between 30 nm and 100 nm. Polyaniline is

one of the oldest known conducting polymers, being known for

over 150 years.

Polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles in the bulk solution were synthesized

by the oxidative polymerization of aniline and ammonium

peroxodisulfate as an oxidant in aqueous medium without the aid of any

acid. The scanning electron microscopy showed PANI nanoparticles with

average diameters in the range of 20 ± 5 nm.

Polyaniline synthesis Polyaniline NPs was prepared as follows:

 aniline (7 mmol) was mixed with 20 ml distilled water

 kept under magnetic-bar stirring for 10 min.

 the mixture was maintained at 0–5 ºC for 30 min.

 mixture was stirred again.

 Aqueous solution of APS (7 mmol) was dissolved in 80 ml of freshly

distilled water and then was added as one portion to the aniline

solution. To ensure of complete mixing, stirring of this mixture for

another one hour was carried out

The solution kept at 0–5 ºC for 24 h. The prepared polymer was

collected on a filter paper and washed by distilled water and dried

under vacuum at 50 ºC for one day to obtain PANI emeraldine salt

(ES). This form of PANI was rinsed in excess of 0.1 M NH4OH and then

collected and dried as described before in order to obtain

deprotonated form, emeraldine base (EB).

What are the properties of polyaniline?

 wide and controllable range of conductivity. ...

 melt and solution processable material. ...

 conductive with many commodity polymers. ...

 function as processing aids in addition to providing

conductivity. ...

 For doped polyaniline, or as you said in acidic condition,

polyaniline exists in emerladine salt form, which is green in

color.