Lesson-8/Page-4

Computer Network-I
Wireless Computer Networks
Microwaves
Microwave waves are high frequency waves that can be used to transmit
data wirelessly over long distance. It consist of transmitter and receiver
but both are in one line. They are used in TV and mobile transmission.
Radio Waves
Radio waves are less powerfully then Microwave. They also required
transmitter and receiver. Radio waves are travel in all direction and can
penetrate walls. They are used in mobile, phone and Wi-Fi, but travel less
distance then microwave.
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is short of wireless fidelity. Wi-Fi is the name of
a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide
wireless high-speed Internet and network connections.
Li-Fi
Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. Li-Fi is designed to use LED light
bulbs similar to those currently in use in many energy-conscious homes
and offices. However, LiFi bulbs are outfitted with a chip that modulates
the light imperceptibly for optical data transmission.
MAC address
The NIC manufacture assign a unique physical address to each NIC card.
This physical address is known as Media Access Control Address.

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The Cloud
The Cloud is a generic term used for internet. In modern days, the Cloud
refers to the Internet. Cloud computing is Internet based computing
whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to
computers and other devices on demand.
Internet of Things(IoT)
IoT is a technology that connects the things( Smart devices) to the
internet over wired or wireless connections. It connects home appliances,
wearable, vehicle, factories, agriculture and food.
Computer Networks-II
Modulation
Modulation is a process of changing the characteristics of the carrier
waves by superimposing the message signals on a high frequency signal.
Amplitude
The amplitude of a wave is its maximum disturbance from its undisturbed
position. It is measured in the form of the height of the wave.

Frequency
The frequency of a wave is the number of waves produced by a source,
per second.
Amplitude Modulation(AM)

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In Amplitude Modulation, the strength of the carrier signal. The
amplitude is varied as per the changes, in the amplitude of the
modulating signals.
Frequency Modulation(FM)
In frequency modulation the frequency of the carrier signal is varied as
per the changes in the amplitude of the modulating signal.
Collision
In computer network, collision is a specific condition that occurs when
two or more nodes on a network transmit data at the same time.
Routing
Routing is the process of efficiently selecting a path in a network along
which the data packets will travel to their destination.
Routing Table
A routing table is a table maintained by routers that maintains routing
information based on which router determines best path to reach to a
network.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is a collection of protocols that includes Transmission Control
Protocol(TCP), User Datagram Protocol(UDP) and Internet Protocol(IP).
TCP ensure reliable communication and uses ports to deliver packets.
UDP is a connectionless protocol , It allows information to be sent
without using a handshake process.
IP is a connectionless protocol responsible for providing address of each
computers and performing routing.