LIST OF FORMULAE

No. Descriptive Statistics Formulae

1 No. of classes (Sturge’s rule) c  1  3.3log n

range
2 Class width i
c

3 Mean for ungrouped data x

x i

4 Mean for grouped data x

 fx   fx
i i

f n

 1 
5 Mode for grouped data mode  Lmo   i
 1   2 
n
6 Depth of median for grouped data Fc 
2

n 
 2F 
7 Median for grouped data median  LM   i
 fm 
 

8 Interquartile range IQR  Q3  Q1

 x
2

9 Variance for ungrouped data  x  x 

2
x 2

n
s 2
 
n 1 n 1

  fx 
2

10 Variance for grouped data  fx 2


n
s2 
n 1

3  mean  median  mean  mode

11 Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness sk  or
s s

s
12 Coefficient of variation CV  100%
x
No. Introduction to Probability Formulae

1 Complement probability P  A'  1 P  A

2 General addition rule P  A  B   P  A  P  B   P  A  B 

3 Multiplication rule P  A  B  P  B  P  A | B

4 Independent events P  A  B   P  A  P  B 

P  A  B
5 Conditional probability P  A | B 
P  B

Random Variable Formulae

1 Expectation of X E  X    x  P  x

V  X    x2  P  x    E  X 
2
2 Variance of X

Special Probability Distribution Formulae

1 Binomial distribution, X ~ B  n, p  P  X  x   nCx p x q n x where q  1  p

Poisson distribution, X ~ Po    e   x
2 P  X  x 
x!
1  x 
2

Normal distribution, X ~ N   ,  
2 1   
2  
3 f ( x)  e
 2
Standard normal distribution, 1  12 z 2 x
4 f ( z)  e where z 
Z ~ N  0,1 2 

Sampling Distribution

 2 
1 Sampling distribution of sample mean, X ~ N   , 
 n 

 pq 
2 Sampling distribution of sample proportion, pˆ ~ N  p,  where q  1  p
 n 

N n
3 Correction factor,
N 1