Problems People face during Railway Management System.

There are many causes prevalent in Indian railway system. These causes are
as follows-

1) the biggest constraint that railways face today is of inadequate network

capacity and infrastructure. The capacity creation on railways over the
years has not kept pace with the transport output. Whereas from the
period 1950-51 to 2015-16 ,route-kilometers increased by just 23% and
double and multiple route length by 89%,the freight and passenger
output went up by more than 14 & 17 times respectively. Additional
infrastructure has not kept pace with the increase in traffic output. As a
result there is huge congestion of the system.

2) Fright traffic rate on Indian railway is very high. Freight earnings are 67%
of total earnings of railway department. But passenger fares are very low
as compared with most of the foreign railways. As a result there are
substantial losses in passenger operations. High freight rates cross-
subsidies the low passenger Fares. High freight rates means high prices of
transported goods which create inflation in the economy.

3) There is a massively skewed traffic pattern on the railways with heavy

traffic moving, connecting the four metropolitan cities of Delhi, Kolkata,
Mumbai, and Chennai. Moreover 161 out of total 247 sections i.e. 65% of
the sections are running above the line of high density network routes. So
freight transit time on these high congested routes is severely affected. A
number of mineral and port routes are also severely congested.

4) There is a common corridor for both freight and passenger traffic. So it is

difficult to run fast passenger services. Further with the emphasis on
passenger traffic , passenger trains are given importance over running of
freight trains. On some of the major trunk routes, introduction of new
passenger trains directly affects freight train movement. So freight trains
cannot pass smoothly & very fast..
5) Now a days, railway faces increasing competition with road and airline
transport. Number of busses is more than the number of trains. So
earning of railway transport falls below than road transport. Beside this,
without ticket journey also makes heavy losses for railway department.
So faster transit and efficient handling at railway terminals is necessary
to provide.

6) Indian railways have suffered from chronic and significant under-

investment. As a result the network expansion and modernization are not
possible at requisite pace. It leads to reduction of share in national freight
and passenger traffic. Due to under-investment, there has been severe
congestion on the network and has resulted in the inability of the system
to accommodate more trains and increase the speed of trains. So massive
infrastructure expansion and up-gradation of technology and judicious
electrification of tracks is necessary with capacity enhancement.

7) The quality of railway services & using technology is very poor. The
existing technology of both electric and diesel locomotive is considerably
old. There is need for introduction of higher horsepower electric and
diesel locomotives which are also more fuel-efficient. With rapid growth
of economy, it is necessary to build a new appropriate technology base
for the country’s own in railway sector to achieve self-sufficiency

8) Moreover, lower number of wagon, rampant corruption & strikes on

various pretexts etc also create disturbances in railway transport. The
incidence of online failure of equipment is fairly high. This brings about
quasi-paralysis of corridor and consequent wastage of transport capacity.
This leads to underutilization of costly assets
Fig.Waterfall Model

Fig. RAD Model

 Functional Requirements of Railway Reservation
Project (FYP) :-
1. Admin and customer can Sign Up for the Account
2. Admin and customer Sign In for the Reservation
3. Name of the Customer
4. CNIC Number Of the Customer
5. Customer and Admin can see seats that’s are not Booked
6. Customer and Admin can see seats that’s are already Booked
7. Admin can Delete Reservation
8. Customer can apply for refund
9. Customer can see the Train timing
10. Admin can See and change the train timing
11. Verification of all these Information

Non-Functional Requirements :-

1. Performance:

This system helps in increasing the overall performance of the

Railway Reservation functionality by shifting a large chunk of load
online causing in less hassle in ticket booking, cancellation or
querying. This System is 22 hours Live per day giving us greater
availability time as compared to that of 9 hours offline activity .

2. Reliability:

The Reliability of the overall project depends on the reliability of the

separate components. The main pillar of reliability of the system is
the backup of the database which is continuously maintained and
updated to reflect the most

3. Availability:

The system should be available at all times, meaning the user can
access it using a web browser, only restricted by the down time of
the server on which the system runs. A customer friendly system
which is in access of people around the world should work 24 hours.
In case of a hardware failure or database corruption, a replacement
page will be shown. Also, in case of a hardware failure or database
corruption, backup of the database should be retrieved from the
server and saved by the Organizer. Then the service will be
restarted. It means 24x7 availability.

4. Security:

This system should work under 3-Level Architecture combining DB-

ClassFront end with different security facilities and encryption. The
System use SSL in all transactions that include any confidential
customer information. The system must automatically log out all
customer after a period of inactivity of those users respectively.

5. Maintability:

A commercial database is used for maintaining the database and

the application server takes care of the site. In case of a failure, a
re-initialization of the project will be done. Also the software design
is being done with modularity in mind so that maintainability can be
done efficiently.

6. Supportability:

The code and supporting modules of the system will be well

documented and easy to understand. Online user Documentation
and Help system requirements.
 Use Case Diag. Railway Reservation System

Data Flow LvL1 Diag. Railway Reservation System

RMMM plan For Railway Reservation : -