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A review on GSM Based fire alarm system module

Presentation · January 2022

DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21076954

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A review on GSM Based fire alarm system module
1Md Turab Hossain, 2Hadiul Islam
1,2PG Students, Institute of Information and Communication Technology (IICT).

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET).

Email 1: turab.buet@engineer.com,

Email 2: hadiulislam099@gmail.com

Abstract
An Microcontroller based house fire alarm system using a GSM Module is described in this paper.
The project's primary goal is to keep residents and their belongings safe from fires, which are a
common hazard in residential areas. It uses an Arduino Uno board and an ATmega328
microcontroller. The ATmega328 is the primary controller for the temperature-triggered fire
alarm in the average home. The fire's heat is detected by an LM35 temperature sensor. The GSM
module will use SMS to send an alarm to the user's mobile phone. A warning message will appear
on the LCD display and an SMS alert will be sent to the user's phone when the temperature rises
above 400C. Documentation and discussion of the test's outcomes are required. This device can
assist users enhance their safety standards by providing an early response in the event of a potential
accident. Finally, users will be able to protect themselves, as well as those they care about, from the
disaster.

Introduction
Fires are among the most severe calamities that have occurred in the local area, causing destruction,
property damage, and even death [1–4]. When compared to other threats, fires have become a recurring,
destructive, and most significant disaster. [5–7] As urban growth progressed, the likelihood of a major fire
or other calamity occurring grew as well [5–7]. There are two critical strategies to quickly extinguish a
fire and minimize property damage or casualties: early detection and early warning. As a result, it is
critical that buildings equipped with intelligent fire alarm systems do so, especially those that house large
populations or contain priceless possessions. The Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia (JBPM)
reports that about 5500 of the fires reported in 2016 involved homes, followed by vehicles, electrical
appliances, and gas leaks [8]. One of the most prevalent causes of fires in the home is cooking equipment.
Other causes include smoking in the home, electrical appliances and candles, as well as curious
youngsters and defective wiring. When a fire breaks out while the occupants are still inside, the chances
of it being put out are higher. Using a fire extinguisher or calling 2 1234567890 "'"" ICGeS 2017: The
First International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing Conference Series: Journal of
Physics: Conference Series 1019 (2018) 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1-012079 instantly. It is
the primary worry of this project while the residents are away from the house, or when they are unaware
of the presence of the fire in the house. Having stated that, the goal of the home fire alarm is to inform the
occupants of the house whenever there is a risk of a fire tragedy occurring. The Arduino board is used as
the main controller board for this project, which communicates with a GSM module for the
communication aspect. During the conversation, the user can learn about the present state of affairs at
home. As the GSM module is used to deliver an SMS to the user, this system is entirely reliant on
wireless network connectivity. The Arduino board's microcontroller serves as the circuit's brain, directing
the circuit's flow and carrying out all decisions.

Communication is handled by the GSM Module in this circuit. In order to know where to send data and
what kind of data to deliver, it consults the Arduino. It communicates with a GSM SIM card. It's basically
simply a modem that communicates with the Arduino via serial communication and Hayes compliant AT
commands. The user specifies the alert message and the recipient's phone number in the project codes.
There are two ways in which a user can get information about fires that have been detected in their home:
either an SMS message sent to their cell phone, or through an email sent to their email address.

Methodological approach
There are two major aspects to this project's design and development: the hardware architecture and the
software implementation. The circuit design and the prototype of the project were created in the hardware
architecture. The entire prototype was programmed to work while software development was taking
place.

Architecture of the hardware

The ATmega328 microcontroller on Arduino serves as the main controller for the circuit, since it is the
main board. You can use it to create digital gadgets and interactive tools that can communicate with
LEDs, LCD displays, switches and buttons as well as many other components. A wide variety of boards
and circuits can use the Arduino system's analog and digital pins, which can be used in a variety of ways.
Loading code from a computer is a snap with the Arduino board's USB serial ports. Arduino's integrated
development environment (IDE), which fully supports the C and C++ programming languages, is used to
create the codes.
The Arduino UNO board depicted in Figure 1 is used throughout the experiment.

Arduino UNO board with ATmega328 microcontroller onboard is shown in Figure 1. International
Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (IOP Publishing) 2017 Conference Series: Journal of
Physics: Conference Series 1019 (2018) 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1019/1-012079 It was decided to
use a GSM SIM900A type to handle communication for the GSM module. It is capable of Dual-Band
900-1800 MHz operation and was specifically intended for use outside of Europe and the United States of
America. Due to its well-established performance, industrial interface standard, and incorporated TCP/IP
protocol, it is suited for electronic projects [9]. The fact that it uses so little power means that it can
interface with any low-power microcontroller. There are numerous interfaces that can be used, including
I2C, SPI, PWM, antenna pad, two serial interface, etc.

The GSM SIM900A device is seen in Figure 2 before it is connected to the Arduino.

Additionally, this project requires a temperature/heat sensor in addition to the other components stated.
Since the LM35 temperature sensor is analog and linear, it has a linear relationship between output
voltage and temperature change (oC).

Furthermore, the LM35 does not need external calibration to give the precision of (1/4) o C at room
temperature or (8/4) o C at the temperature range of -55 oC to +150 oC [10]. For sensors with low input
impedances, linear outputs and accurate intrinsic calibration, LM35's interface with readout and control
circuits is a snap. The device is typically used with a single power supply or with either a plus or negative
supply, depending on the application.. A voltage range of 2V to 35V can be plugged into it, and the
output voltage range is -1V to 6V. The LM35 sensor, shown in Figure 3, is what we'll be using to keep
tabs on the ambient temperature for this experiment.

Figure 3 shows the LM35 sensor from Texas Instruments.

ICGeS 2017: The First International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing

Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1019 (2018) 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-
6596/1019/1-012079

Figure 4 depicts the home fire alarm system block diagram, while Figure 5 shows the hardware
architecture. For this project, the hardware design calls for the use of Arduino UNO and GSM SIM900A
as well as Arduino UNO and LM35 as temperature sensors. In the event of a house fire, LM35 acts as a
spark to start the fire. To notify the Arduino when the temperature has above 40 o C, it will send a signal
immediately upon reaching this threshold. The Arduino will notify the user via GSM if the temperature
rises above a certain threshold.

When a fire breaks out in the residence, an SMS will be sent to the phone's owner as soon as it is
detected. The LCD display will also show the presence of a fire at the same time.

Arduino UNO GSM LCD Display LM35 (temperature sensor) Microcontroller

Home fire alarm system block diagram is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 5 shows the home fire alarm's hardware architecture.

The creation of software

Figure 6's flowchart serves as the basis for the project's software. When the system is activated, LM35
will continuously monitor the temperature of the environment. A temperature increase occurs whenever a
fire, no matter how tiny, is started. When this occurs, the LM35 can instantaneously determine the current
temperature. At a temperature of 40 o C or above, the microcontroller on the Arduino UNO board will
alert 5 1234567890 ""

Sending an alarm message through GSM module to the end user. It is possible to adjust the temperature
limit that can be triggered by LM35 in the code. Due to the LM35's wide temperature sensing range (-55
o C to +150 o C), there is no limit to how high the temperature can be allowed to rise. When it's hot
outside, temperatures in Malaysia can soar to nearly 38 degrees Celsius. As a result, 40 degrees Celsius is
a perfectly acceptable detection limit for the weather in Malaysia.

Figure 6: Flowchart for the Fire Alert System in a Figure 7 shows a pseudo-code representation of the
Household project's flow diagram.

Diagram of the schematics

Figure 8 depicts a schematic diagram for the entire project in its entirety. In contrast, figure 9 depicts a
schematic diagram of the connections between the Arduino UNO board with LM35 and GSM module.
The GSM module component is not available in the Proteus program, thus it is replaced with an input
connector that may be connected straight to the Arduino UNO board. Figure 10 depicts the code used to
detect fire coming from LM35 in its written and illustrated form. Temperature readings from the
surrounding environment are identified in voltage in the code. LM35 is an analog sensor that measures
voltage, so this is why it doesn't work with other voltage sensors. To make sense of the received voltage,
we'll use a subroutine called 'CheckTemp()' to convert it to the standard SI unit of Celsius.

Start if the temperature rises above 40 degrees Fahrenheit and GSM is activated, then send a text message
to the user.

Figure 8: Schematic diagram of the project.

Circuit design of Arduino UNO with GSM module connected to LM35 (Figure 9).
Figure 10 shows the temperature-measurement software code.

Code for reading temperature and converting it to degrees Celsius is shown in Figure 11.

The final outcome and the discussion that follows

The system's performance was observed in a small number of tests. The LM35 was heated up in order to
conduct the testing. Pictured in Figure 12 is the LM35 while it is ready to detect fire, but none has been
detected. When the LM35 detects a fire, an alert message will be shown on the LCD display as shown in
Figure 13. Figure 14 depicts the scene after the fire has been extinguished. Figure 15 shows the user's
SMS when the system sends out a fire alert.
Figure 12 depicts a situation where the LM35 is ready but the fire has not yet been noticed.

Fig. 13: When a fire is discovered.

Fig 14, When the fire is extinguished.

Figure 15: An SMS alerting the user to the presence of a fire is received.
Table 1 summarizes the results of the temperature measurements during the tests. The LCD display only
shows the LM35 sensor's readiness to detect fire when a fire is detected. To advise the user when there is
a possible fire, LM35's LCD display will show a message that reads "Fire alert!" synchronized with an
SMS message sent by GSM module. When the fire is put out, the LCD screen will read "Fire shut!
"You're safe now," read the message on the screen.

Table 1 shows the examination of the LCD display and GSM module output temperature.

There are various elements at play.

Detecting a fire is the first step. When a fire alarm goes off, Fire alarms activate the LCD display. An on-
screen message reads "Fire Scan On." We have a fire! You're safe for the time being."

Fire in HOUSE!

Conclusion

The purpose of this project is to assist building owners in overcoming the issue of fire spreading when the
owner is not present in the structure. Resident spaces and the building are constantly prone to unexpected
or critical situations that go unnoticed by those within. Residents can use the home alert system to keep
their homes safe, according to the findings. Compared to other alarm systems already on the market, the
one we designed is really affordable, and it's simple to install in most residences. The usage of LM35 in
the system ensures that the system is able to detect heat or high temperatures. Because of its adaptability
and ease of use, this gadget may be used in a wide range of settings, including homes, hostels, hotels,
factories, and the transportation industry, among many others. Users only need to place the device where
they want it to work to keep their desired area safe from the threat of oncoming flames. When the gadget
detects that the temperature has risen over the preset threshold (40 degrees Celsius), a GSM text message
will be sent to the consumers immediately. This will make the users aware of the dangerous condition,
and they will be able to quickly prevent it (use a fire extinguisher, phone the fire department, etc.) from
occurring.

References

[1] L Chun-yuan, "Design of Intelligent Fire Alarm System Based on GSM Network," no. Iceoe, pp. 393–396,
2011. [2] L Chun-yuan, "Design of Intelligent Fire Alarm System Based on GSM Network," no. Iceoe, pp.
393–396, 2011.

[2] M Faris, M Fuzi, A F Ibrahim, M. H. Ismail, N. Syakira, and A. Halim, "HOME FADS: A Review," in M
Faris, M Fuzi, A F Ibrahim, M. H. Ismail, N. Syakira, and A. Halim, "HOME FADS: A Review," in M
 Faris,Dedicated Fire Alert Detection System Using ZigBee Wireless Network," pp. 53–58 in "Dedicated Fire
Alert Detection System Using ZigBee Wireless Network," pp. 53–58 in "Dedicated Fire Alert Detection
System

[3] S Suresh, "Fire Monitoring And Warning System For The Home," 2016.

[4] L I U Fei, Z Zhe, Y A O Hao-wei, and L Dong, "Application of Aspirating Smoke Detectors at the
University of Hong Kong,"

Procedia Engineering, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 671–675, 2013.

[5] H Elbehiery, "Developed Intelligent Fire Alarm System," Journal of the American Society for Science, vol.
2, no. 8, August 2012, pp. 1016–1025.

[6] K Sen, J Sarkar, S Saha, A Roy, D Dey, and S Baitalik, "Automated Fire Detection and Controlling
System," International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Engineering, and Technology, vol. 2, no. 5,
pp. 34–37, 2015.

[7] H Mori, "A Configuration-Free System for Early Fire Alerts," 2016.

[8] "Statistik Kebakaran Mengikut Jenis Kebakaran 2016," J B dan P Malaysia, 2016. [Online]. jbpm-statistik-
kebakaran-mengikut-jenis-kebakaran-2016 is available at http://www.data.gov.my/data/ms MY/dataset/jbpm-
statistik-kebakaran-mengikut-jenis-kebakaran-2016. [20-Jul-2017] [Accessed: 20-Jul-2017] [Accessed: 20-Jul-
2017

[9] Z Jifei, Knowledge Guide, 2014, "Intelligent power failure warning based on ATmega128 and SIM900A."

[10] "LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors," Texas Instruments, 2016.P Y Mulge, “Remote
Temperature Monitoring Using LM35 sensor and Intimate Android user via C2DM Service,” vol. 2, no. June,
pp. 32–36, 2013

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