Topic V.

Abdomen and Pelvis (Reviewer)

 Abdomen

Position of Position of Central Ray Reference Point Structure Shown (SS)

Part Patient (PX) (CR) (RP)
(Projection)
AP Projection Supine Perpendicular level of the • - demon. size and shape of the liver,
(KUB) - cassette level iliac crests for the spleen and kidney, intra. Abdominal
14x17 of iliac crests supine position calcification
kVp=75 - include SP • - tumor masses
SFA (Symphysis
Pubis)

Place the
patient's arms
where they
KUB= Kidneys, will
Ureters, and not cast
Bladder shadows on the
KUB Supine = image.
Abdomen and
Pelvis patient supine,
place a support
under the
knees to
relieve strain.

Pelvis - feet
rotated
internally 15-
20 degrees

AP Upright Upright Perpendicular Horizontal and 2 • Diaphragm without motion on upright

Projection - for upright 2- inches (5 cm) abdomen examinations.
14x17 3” above the above the
kVp=75 level of the level of the iliac
SFA iliac crest crests to include
- UB (Ureter the diaphragm for
and Bladder) is the upright
included position
- diaphragm is
included
KUB Upright =
Abdomen and SID=40
Diaphragm

Lateral Left Lateral Perpendicular 2” above the level • - demons. Air-fluid levels of abdo.
Decubitus Decubitus of the iliac crest - Left Lateral decubitus
14x17 - when cannot -Midpoint of the • * best visualize free intraperitoneal air
kVp=95 stand IR in the area of the liver in the right
upper abdomen
 - 2” above the • - Assess abdominal in cases of
level of the visceroptosis (prolapse or falling
iliac crest down of the abdominal viscera)
• • Diaphragm without motion.
- px should be
on the side a
min. of 5 mins
/ 10-20
mins are
preferred
* to allow air
to rise or
abnormal
fluids
to accumulate

Dorsal Supine Perpendicular RP 2” above the • - demons.

Decubitus -patient cannot level of the iliac • * Antevertebral space
Position (R or L stand or lie on crest • * Air fluids
Lateral) the side • * Levels in the abdo.
14x17 - • * Aneurysms
kVp=95 • - widening of the wall of the artery
• * Calcifications of aorta & Umbilical
hernias
• • Diaphragm without motion
• • Abdominal contents visible with soft
tissue gray tones

Lateral Lateral Perpendicular level of iliac crest • - demons. prevertebral space occupied
Projection Recumbent by the abdominal Aorta,
14x17 -Flex the or intraabdominal aorta, tumor masses &
kVp=85 patient's knees FB
to a 2 inches (5 cm)
comfortable above the
position crests to include
-Flex the the diaphragm.
elbows, and
place the hands
under the
patient's head

3 Ways or AAS (Acute Abdominal Series) -pos. Aneurysm

Position of Position of Central Ray Reference Point Structure Shown (SS)

Part Patient (PX) (CR) (RP)
(Projection)
 CXR PA - depressed the Perpendicular T7 • R1 to R10
shoulder and • Both lungs
roll the scapula • Air-filled trachea
laterally to • Hilum
avoid • Heart & great vessels
superimpositio • Bony thorax
n to the lungs
Adjust the
height of the
IR about 1 ½
to 2 inches (3.8
to
5 cm) above
the relaxed
Shoulders.
- chin upward

- indicated
since any air
escaping from
the
gastrointestinal
tract into the
peritoneal
space will rise
to the highest
level usually
beneath the
diaphragm

AP Supine (SFA)
• - demonstrates:
• * Ileus
• * Ascites
• * Perforated hollow viscus
• * Intraabdominal mass
• * Post-op

AP Erect (SFA)
• - demonstrates:
• * Ileus
• * Ascites
• * Perforated hollow viscus
• * Intraabdominal mass
• * Post-op

Pelvis

Position of Position of Central Ray Reference Point Structure Shown (SS)

Part Patient (PX) (CR) (RP)
(Projection)
AP Projection Supine Perpendicular 2” inferior to the • AP view of the pelvis
14x17 - feet rotated ASIS, 2” superior
kVp=70 internally 15- to the • Femoral necks reduce foreshortening
20 degrees SP • Entire pelvis along with the proximal
- femoral neck
parallel to the • femora
IR • Lesser trochanters, if seen,
- Heels 8-10” demonstrated on the medial border of
apart the femora
• Femoral necks in their full extent
without superimposition
• Greater trochanters in profile
• Both ilia equidistant to the edge of
the radiograph
Topic V. Abdomen and Pelvis (Image)