REPORTED SPEECH BACHILLERATO (VERSIÓN ESPAÑOLA-BÁSICO)

¿QUÉ ES?
Utilizamos Reported Speech cuando queremos comunicar a alguien lo que otra persona ha
dicho.

TIPOS DE ORACIONES:
• STATEMENTS (oraciones declarativas)
• QUESTIONS (oraciones interrogativas).
§ YES/NO QUESTIONS
§ WH- QUESTIONS
• ORDERS (órdenes)

Cuando el verbo introductor del estilo indirecto está en pasado, los cambios que se producen
en los tiempos verbales son los siguientes:

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (doesn’t change)
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (doesn’t change)
FUTURE (Will) CONDITIONAL (would)

Algunos verbos MODALES también cambian:

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

CAN COULD
MAY MIGHT
MUST HAD TO
HAVE TO HAD TO

OTROS CAMBIOS:

CHANGE OF OTHER WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
NOW THEN
TODAY THAT DAY
TONIGHT THAT NIGHT
YESTERDAY THE PREVIOUS DAY/THE DAY BEFORE
LAST WEEK/MONTH/YEAR… THE PREVIOUS… / THE …. BEFORE
A MONTH/WEEK/… AGO A …. BEFORE
TOMORROW THE FOLLOWING DAY / THE NEXT DAY
NEXT WEEK/MONTH/YEAR… THE FOLLOWING … / THE ….. AFTER
HERE THERE
THIS THAT

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THESE THOSE

STATEMENTS:
• Los verbos introductores más comunes para los Staments en Reported Speech son
SAID y TOLD. Hay que realizar los cambios indicados anteriormente, tanto en tiempos
verbales como en otras palabras o expresiones.

“I am a bit sad” He said

He said (that) he was a bit sad.

Cuando sabemos quién habla con quien es obligatorio el uso de TOLD.

“I am a bit sad” He said to me

He told me (that) he was a bit sad.

• Los pronombres y adjetivos posesivos de primera persona cambian a tercera persona.

He said “I can’t read with my glasses”

He said (that) he couldn’t read with his glasses.

*Si la frase expresa una verdad general no se cambia el tiempo verbal:

The teacher said “we all learn from mistakes”

The teacher said (that) we all learn from mistakes.

PRACTICE 1: REWRITE THESE STATEMENTS IN REPORTED SPEECH:

Ernest said: “My family is coming tomorrow morning”
Ernest said that his family was coming the following morning
1. They said to me: “You can’t talk in this area”
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2. Judith said to us: “I saw your parents yesterday”
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3. We said to him: “We won’t be bach until tonight”
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4. Phil said to her: “I’ve met lots of people since last week”
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5. Paul said to Sarah: “I work near here”
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QUESTIONS
Las oraciones interrogativas indirectas pueden ir introducidas por los siguientes verbos: ask,
know, want to know, wonder, …

El orden la pregunta original cambia al orden de una enunciativa.

También, al igual que en los Statements, hay que realizar los cambios indicados anteriormente,
tanto en tiempos verbales como en otras palabras o expresiones.

A. YES/NO QUESTIONS (son aquellas preguntas a las que se puede responder sí o no).

En Reported Speech van introducidas por IF (o wether).

He said: “Can I open the door?”

He asked IF he could open the door. (ya no lleva orden de interrogativa, si no de enunciativa).

B. WH- QUESTIONS

Se introduce la parte indirecta utilizando la Wh- Word, siguiendo el orden de una oración
enunciativa y haciendo todos los cambios pertinentes.

He said: “Where do you live?”

He asked WHERE I lived.

ACTIVITY 2: REWRITE THESE QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH.

Maggie said to Penny: “What did you buy at the chemist’s yesterday?”
Maggie asked Penny what she had bought ate the chemist’s the day before.
1. They said to us: “Do you usually spend your holidays abroad?”
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2. He said to me: “How old are you?”
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3. We said to Mary: “Are you going out tonight?”
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4. Fred said to the policeman: What time do the shops close today?”
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5. Angela said to her mother: “Can I watch TV this afternoon?”
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ORDERS
En el estilo directo, utilizamos siempre el imperativo para indicar una orden.

Ya no se realizan los cambios en los tiempos verbales puesto que ahora son todo imperativos
pero sí se llevan a cabo el resto de los cambios.

En el estilo indirecto empleamos la siguiente estructura:

SUBJECT + Introductory verb (told, ordered, asked, advised,warned)+ object+ (not) TO+
infinitive

He said to Jack: “Open the door, please”

He told/asked Jack TO open the door.

He said to me: “Don’t talk”

He told me NOT TO talk.

ACTIVITY 3: REWRITE THE FOLLOWING ORDERS IN REPORTED SPEECH

Jeremy said to his brother: “Go to your room and close the door”

Jeremy told his brother to go to his room and close the door.

1. We said to Jane: “Don’t tell anyone until next week”

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2. Kate said to us: “Wait for me, please”
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3. They said to her: “Be careful and don’t be late”
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4. George said to his son: “Eat up your lunch”
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5. The policeman said to her: “Keep off the grass”.
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REPORTING VERBS:

Hay ciertos verbos que pueden indicar la intención del hablante: una sugerencia, una disculpa,
un ofrecimiento, una promesa, un rechazo, etc.

Este punto va muy unido al tema de los infinitivos y gerundios.

• ORACIÓN INTRODUCIDA POR THAT (+ clause)

ADMIT *AGREE CLAIM COMPLAIN EXPLAIN INSIST *PROMISE REMIND

REPLY SAY TELL (+object) WARN

Promise and agree: pueden ir seguidos de TO infinitive.

She promised that she would come back in two weeks

She agreed that they would study harder.

• VERB+ OBJECT+ TO+ INFINITIVE

ADVICE ASK INVITE ORDER TELL WARN

They told us to be quiet

• VERB + ING

ADMIT ACCUSE SOMEONE OF APOLOGISE FOR INSIST ON RECOMMEND SUGGEST

They accused me of cheating in the exam.

He admitted being late for work.

ACTIVITY 4: REWRITE THESE SENTENCES WITH THE GERUND OR THE INFINITIVE AND THEN A
REPORTED SPEECH.

“I”ll bring my CDs to the party”

He promised that he would bring his CDs to the party.

1. “Let’s go to the cinema”

She suggested……
2. “Yes, I stole the wallet”
He admitted….
3. “Be careful”
She warned us….
4. “You must apologise to your teacher”
My father insisted (on)....
5. “All right! I’ll share the expenses with you.”
My friend agreed …