REKAYASA PONDASI 2

a b c d

q = 0.3 t/m2
Yt1
Hw

Yts1
Yair
H1

Tanah Lapis 1

Yt2
H2

Tanah Lapis 2 B

Tipe Gravitasi Ypas batu kali = 2.1 t/m3 Ysikloop = 2.0 t/m3 Ybeton tp tul = 2.4 t/m2
Tipe Cantilever Ybeton bertulang = 2.5 t/m3 Yair = 1 t/m3

a = 30 cm b = 250 cm c = 70 cm d = 60 cm t = 50 cm B = 410 cm

H1 = 750 cm H2 = 120 cm Hw = 110 cm

Data-data tanah
Tanah Lapis 1 ϒt1 = 1.5 t/m3 Yt1sat = 1.55 t/m3 f1 = 18 o c1 = 0.15 kg/cm2 = 1.5 ton/m2

Tanah Lapis 2 ϒt2 = 1.6 t/m3 Yt2sat = 1.65 t/m3 f2 = 20 o c2 = 0.17 kg/cm2 = 1.7 ton/m2

Tentukan :
1 stabilitas terhadap guling, geser daya dukung dan kelongsoran
2 tegangan tanah maksimum yang bekerja pada plat dasar dinding penahan tanah

A. Berat dinding penahan tanah kantilever

w6 q = 0.3 t/m²
Yt1 Yt1
w1 w2 Ybeton
110
630

Ybeton bertulang = 2.5 t/m3

700 Yair Yair
590 Yt1sat Yt1saw9 Ybeton

Yt2
w3 w4 70
w7
w8

50
Ybeton w5

210 40 Titik Guling

30 250 70 60

Bidang 1 Bidang 2
W1 = p1 x L1 x Yt1 W2 = 1/2 x a x t x Yt1
= 1.1 x 0.3 x 1.5 = 0.5 x 0.4 x 1.1 x 1.5
= 0.495 t/m = 0.33 t/m

Bidang 3 Bidang 4
W3 = 1/2 x a x t x Ybeton bertulang W4 = p4 x L4 x Ybeton bertulang
= 0.5 x 2.5 x 7 x 2.5 = 7 x 0.7 x 2.5
= 21.875 t/m = 12.25 t/m

Bidang 5 Bidang 6 ∑W = w1 + w2 + w3 + w4 + w5 + w6 + w7 + w8 + w9
W5 = p5 x L5 x Ybeton bertulang W6 = q x L = 0.495 + 0.33 + 21.875 + 12.25 + 5.125 + 0.84
= 0.5 x 4.1 x 2.5 = 0.3 x 2.8 + 4.5135 + 0.63 + 15.797
= 5.125 t/m = 0.84 t/m = 61.856 t/m

Bidang 7 Bidang 8 Bidang 9

W7 = p7 x L7 x Yair W8 = p8 x L8 x Yt1 W9 = 1/2 x a x t x Yair
= 5.9 x 0.3 x 1.00 = 0.7 x 0.6 x 1.5 = 0.5 x 2.1 x 5.9 x 1
= 1.77 t/m = 0.63 t/m = 6.195 t/m
W7tot = 4.5135 W9tot = 15.7973
Bidang 7 a Bidang 9 a
W7 = p7 x L7 x Yt1sat W9 = 1/2 x a x t x Yt1sat
= 5.9 x 0.3 x 1.55 = 0.5 x 2.1 x 5.9 x 1.55
= 2.7435 t/m = 9.60225 t/m
B. Jarak beban terhadap ujung dinding penahan (terhadap titik guling)

x1 = 1/2 x 2.4 + 0.4 + 0.7 = 2.9 m x7 = 1/2 x 0.3 + 2.5 + 0.7 = 3.95 m
+ 0.6 + 0.6
x2 = 2/3 x 0.4 + 0.7 + 0.6 = 1.564 m x8 = 1/2 x 0.6 = 0.3 m

x3 = 1/3 x 2.5 + 0.7 + 0.6 = 2.125 m w9 = 2/3 x 2.1 + 0.4 + 0.7 = 3.086 m
+ 0.6
x4 = 1/2 x 0.7 + 0.6 = 0.95 m

x5 = 1/2 x 4.1 = 2.05 m

x6 = 1/2 x 2.8 + 0.7 + 0.6 = 2.7 m

C. Momen ujung dinding penahan terhadap titik guling

Bidang W (t/m) X (m) Mi = Wi.Xi
1 0.495 2.9 1.4355
2 0.33 1.564 0.51612
3 21.875 2.125 46.484375
4 12.25 0.95 11.6375
5 5.125 2.05 10.50625
6 0.84 2.7 2.268
7 4.5135 3.95 17.828325
8 0.63 0.3 0.189
9 15.79725 3.086 48.7503135
∑ 61.85575 - 139.6153835
D. Diagram tegangan tanah lateral
Koefisien Tanah Lateral

Ka1 = tg² x 45 ° - f1 / 2 Ka2 = tg² x 45 ° - f2 / 2

= tg² x 45 ° - 18 ° / 2 = tg² x 45 ° - 20 ° / 2

= tg² 36 = tg² 35

= 0.528 = 0.490

Kp1 = tg² x 45 ° + f1 / 2 Kp2 = tg² x 45 ° + f2 / 2

= tg² x 45 ° + 18 ° / 2 = tg² x 45 ° + 20 ° / 2

= tg² 54 = tg² 55

= 1.894 = 2.040

Tanah aktif lapisan 1

Z = 0 da = q x Ka1 + Ka1 x ϒt1 x Z - 2x c1 x Ka1

= 0.3 x 0.528 + 0.528 x 1.5 x 0 - 2x 1.5 x 0.528

= 0.15836 + 0 - 2.17963

= -2.02127 t/m²

Z = 7.5 da = q x Ka1 + Ka1 x ϒ'(ϒt1sat-ϒair) + ϒair x H1 - Hw x ϒair - 2 x c1 x Ka1

= 0.3 x 0.528 + 0.528 x 0.55 + 1 x 7.5 - 1.1 x 1 - 2 x 1.5 x 0.528

= 0.1742 + 6.4 - 2.17963

= 4.39457 t/m²

Mencari da = 0

= da + Ka1 x ϒt1 x Z = 0

= -2.02127 + 0.528 x 1.5 x Z

Z = 2.02127 = 2.55276 m
0.7918

q' = q + ϒt1 x H1 - H2

= 0.3 + 1.5 x 7.5 - 1.2

= 0.3 + 9.45

= 9.8 t/m²
Tanah Pasif

Z = 0 dp = 2x c2 x Kp2

= 2x 1.7 x 2.040

= 4.8557 t/m²

Z = 0.5 dp = ϒt2 x Z x Kp2 + 2x c2 x Kp2

= 1.6 x 0.5 x 2.040 + 2x 1.7 x 2.040

= 1.63169 + 4.8557

= 6.48739 t/m²

E Tegangan tanah lateral yang dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan air

Akibat berat sendiri tanah = 7.5 m

Pa1 = 1/2 x ka1 x Yt1 x H1 Y1 = 1/3 x Hw + H1 - Hw

= 0.5 x 0.528 x 1.5 x 7.5 = 0.333 x 1.1 + 7.5 - 1.1

= 2.96924 t/m = 6.7663 m

 Akibat berat tanah diatasnya pada kedalaman = 1.1 s/d 7.5 m

Pa2 = Ka1 x Yt1sat x Hw x H1 Y2 = 1/2 x H1 - Hw

= 0.528 x 1.55 x 1.1 x 7.5 = 0.5 x 7.5 - 1.1

= 6.75006 t/m = 3.2 m

Akibat berat sendiri tanah pada kedalaman = 1.1 s/d 7.5 m

2
Pa3 = 1/2 x ka1 x Ysub x H1 - Hw Y3 = 1/3 x H1 - Hw
(y1sat-yair) 2
= 0.5 x 0.528 x 0.55 x 7.5 - 1.1 = 0.333 x 7.5 - 1.1

= 5.94586 t/m = 2.1312 m

Akibat adanya air pada kedalaman = 5.9 m

2
Pa4 = 1/2 x Yair x H1 - Hw Y4 = 1/3 x H1 - Hw
2
= 0.5 x 1 x 7.5 - 1.1 = 0.333 x 7.5 - 1.1

= 20.48 t/m = 2.1312 m

Pa total = Pa1 + Pa2 + Pa3 + Pa4

= 2.96924 + 6.75006 + 5.94586 + 20.48

= 36.1452 t/m

Ya = Y1 + Y2 + Y3 + Y4

= 6.7663 + 3.2 + 2.1312 + 2.1312

36.145

= 0.39365 m
Diagram tegangan dan regangan tanah

-2.021268

2.55276 m

0 7 m

4.44724 m

4.8557
Pp1
Pp2 0.5 m
p1
4.39457 6.48739
 Diagram tegangan yang dipenaruhi air di dalam tanah

Pa1

2.969 t/m

Pa2 6.750 t/m

Pa3 5.946 t/m

Pa4 20.48 t/m

Tanah Aktif
Pa1 = 1/2 x 4.39457 x 4.44724 Ypa1 = 1/3 x 4.44724 + 0.5

= 9.7718 t/m = 1.96759 m

Mpa1 = Pa1 x Ypa1

= 9.7718 x 1.96759

= 19.226954 tm/m

∑Pa = 9.7718399 ∑Mpa = 19.227

= 9.7718399 t/m = 19.227 tm/m

Tanah Pasif
Pp1 = 4.8557032 x 0.5 Pp2 = 1/2 x 2.16246 x 0.5

= 2.4278516 t/m = 0.35681 t/m

Ypp1 = 1/2 x 0.5 Ypp2 = 1/3 x 0.5

= 0.25 m = 0.165 m

Mpp1 = Pp1 + Ypp1 Mpp2 = Pp2 + Ypp2

= 2.4278516 + 0.25 = 2.67785 tm/m = 0.35681 + 0.165 = 0.52181 tm/m

∑Mpp = Mpp1 + Mpp2 ∑Pp = Pp1 + Pp2

= 2.6778516 + 0.52181 = 2.42785 + 0.35681

= 3.199658 tm/m = 2.78466 t/m

Menentukan Faktor Keamanan Gulling

Fkguling = Momen Lawan Guling (MLG) > 1.5

Momen Guling

Dimana MLG = ∑Mi + ∑Pp

= 139.615 + 2.78466

= 142.4 tm/m

d MG = ∑Mpa = 19.227 tm/m

Fkguling = 142.4 = 7.40627 > 1.5 Aman!

19.227

Menentukan Faktor Keamanan Geser

Fkgeser = Flawan geser > 1.5

Fgeser
 Flawan geser = Y' x B

= c2 x B + B x dx Tan f2

= 2/3 x c2 x B + ∑Mi x Tan f2

= 2/3 x 1.7 x 4.10 + 139.615 x Tan 20

= 55.4625 t/m

Fgeser = ∑Pa - ∑Pp

= 9.77184 - 2.78466

= 6.98718 t/m

Fkgeser = 55.4625 = 7.93775 > 1.5 Aman!

6.98718

Faktor keamanan terhadap daya dukung

Menentukan e(eksentrisitas)

e = 1/2 x B - MLG - MG
∑Mi

e = 0.5 x 4.1 - 142.4 - 19.227

139.615

e = 2.05 - 1.98223

e = 0.0677685

Syarat e < 1/6 B

= 0.0677685 < 0.166 x 4.1

= 0.0677685 < 0.6806 ……..Oke!!!

Didapat gaya vertikal = 19.227 (pa)

Didapat gaya horizontal = 139.615

Menentukan B' efektif

B' = B - 2e

B' = 4.1 - 2x 0.06777

B' = 3.964463 m

Berdasarkan nilai e < 1/6B yang didapat melalui perhitungan stabilitas terhadap keruntuhan kapasitas daya dukung maka
digram q yang terbentuk :

f1 = Ru x 1+ 6 x e f2 = Ru x 1- 6 x e
B B B B

f1 = 139.61538 x 1+ 6 x 0.06777 f2 = 139.615 x 1- 6 x 0.06777

4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

f1 = 34.052533 x 1.09917 f2 = 34.0525 x 0.90083

f1 = 35.152 t/m f1 = 33.152 t/m

33.152 t/m
35.152 t/m

Berdasarkan Nilai e yang didapat melalui perhitungan stabilitas terhadap keruntuhan

kapasitas dukukng tanah maka diagra q yang terbentuk

qmaks = 2U = 2x 139.615 = 23.4778 t/m

3B' 3x 3.96446

A' = B' x 1

= 3.964

Besarnya daya dukung tanah yang dicari menggunakan rumus daya dukung untuk pondasi dangkal meyerhoff

qu = c2.Nc.Fcd.Fcr+q'.Nq.Fqd.d.Fqi+1/2.Yt2.B'.Fyd.Fyi

f2 = 20 o
 Nc = 14.83
Nq = 6.4 Faktor daya Dukung menurut meyerhoff
NY = 5.39

q' = Yt1 x D D = H2

q' = 1.5 x 1.2

q' = 1.8 t/m

2 -1
Fcd = 1+ 0.4 x Nq Fyi = 1+ 1- β β = sin x pa
Nc f2 ∑w

Fcd = 1+ 0.4 x 6.4 2 -1

14.83 Fyi = 1+ 1- 18.1096 β = sin x 19.227
20 61.8558
Fcd = 1.1726231
Fyi = 1 β = 18.10958023

2 2
Fqd = 1 + 2 x tan f2 x 1x sin f2 Fqi = Fcr = 1 + 1 - β
90
2 2
Fqd = 1 + 2 x tan 20 x 1 x sin 20 = 1 + 1 - 18.1096
90

Fqd = 1.0851529 = 1.63805

Fyd = 1

qu = c2.Nc.Fcd.Fcr+q'.Nq.Fqd.Fqi+1/2.Yt2.B'.Fyd.Fyi

qu = 1.7 x 14.83 x 1.17262 x 1.63805 + 1.8 x 6.4 x 1.08515 x 1.63805 + 0.5 x 1.6 x 3.96446 x 1 x 1.2

qu = 48.425772 + 20.4772 + 3.74279

qu = 72.645809 t/m

FK Daya dukung

qu > 3
qmaks

72.6458 > 3
23.4778

3.09423 > 3 Oke!

POTONGAN 1-1
w6
w2
w1
110
630 Yt1 = 1.5
q = 0.3
Yt1sat = 1.55
700 w9 Yair = 1
590 Ybeton = 2.5
w7

w3 w4 70

w8

50

210 40
30 250 70 60

Berat dinding penahan tanah

Bidang 1 Bidang 2
W1 = p1 x L1 x Yt1 W2 = 1/2 x a x t x Yt1
= 1.1 x 2.4 x 1.5 = 0.5 x 0.4 x 1.1 x 1.5
= 3.96 t/m = 0.33 t/m

Bidang 3 Bidang 4
W3 = 1/2 x a x t x Ybeton bertulang W4 = p4 x L4 x Ybeton bertulang
= 0.5 x 2.5 x 7 x 2.5 = 7 x 0.7 x 2.5
= 21.875 t/m = 12.25 t/m

Bidang 6 ∑W = w1 + w2 + w3 + w4 + w6 + w7 + w8 + w9
W6 = q x L = 3.96 + 0.33 + 21.875 + 12.25 + 0.84
= 0.3 x 2.8 + 4.5135 + 0.63 + 15.797
= 0.84 t/m = 60.196 t/m

Bidang 7 Bidang 8 Bidang 9

W7 = p7 x L7 x Yair W8 = p8 x L8 x Yt1 W9 = 1/2 x a x t x Yair
= 5.9 x 0.3 x 1.00 = 0.7 x 0.6 x 1.5 = 0.5 x 2.1 x 5.9 x 1
= 1.77 t/m = 0.63 t/m = 6.195 t/m
W7tot = 4.5135 W9tot = 15.7973
Bidang 7 a Bidang 9 a
W7 = p7 x L7 x Yt1sat W9 = 1/2 x a x t x Yt1sat
= 5.9 x 0.3 x 1.55 = 0.5 x 2.1 x 5.9 x 1.55
= 2.7435 t/m = 9.60225 t/m
Jarak beban terhadap ujung dinding
x1 = 1/2 x 2.4 + 0.4 + 0.7 = 2.3 m x8 = 1/2 x 0.6 = 0.3 m

x2 = 1/2 x 0.4 + 0.7 = 0.9 m x9 = 1/2 x 2.1 + 0.4 + 0.7 = 2.15 m

x3 = 1/3 x 2.5 + 0.7 = 1.525 m

x4 = 1/2 x 0.7 = 0.35 m

x6 = 1/2 x 2.8 + 0.7 = 2.1 m

x7 = 1/2 x 0.3 + 2.5 + 0.7 = 3.35 m

Momen ujung dinding penahan terhadap titik guling

Bidang W (t/m) X (m) Mi = Wi.Xi
1 3.96 2.3 9.108
2 0.33 0.9 0.297
3 21.875 1.525 33.359375
4 12.25 0.35 4.2875
6 0.84 2.1 1.764
7 4.5135 3.35 15.120225
8 0.63 0.3 0.189
9 15.79725 2.15 33.9641
∑ 60.19575 - 98.0891875

Diagram tegangan tanah lateral

ka = 1- sin Ꝋ dimana Ꝋ = 18 ka = 1+ sin Ꝋ dimana Ꝋ = 20
1+ sin Ꝋ 1- sin Ꝋ

ka = 1- 0.30902 = 0.52786 ka = 1+ 0.34202 = 2.040

1+ 0.30902 1- 0.34202

Menentukan tegangan tanah induk

Z = 0 da = Yt1 x Z x Ka - 2x C1 x Ka

= 1.5 x 0 x 0.52786 - 2x 1.5 x 0.52786

= 0 - 2.17963

= -2.17963 t/m2

Z = h1-h2 da = Yt1 x Z x Ka - 2x C1 x Ka

= 750 - 120 = 1.5 x 6.3 x 0.52786 - 2x 1.5 x 0.52786

= 630 cm = 4.98832 - 2.17963

= 2.80869 t/m2

Z = Yt1 x Z x Ka - 2x C1 x Ka

= 1.5 x Z x 0.52786 - 2x 1.5 x 0.52786

Z = 2.1796276 = 2.75276 (Daerah keretakan tarik)

0.7917961

-2.17963

2.75276 m

4.24724 m

2.80869

Menentukan tanah lateral

Tanah Aktif
Pa = 1/2 x 2.80869 x 4.24724 Ypa = 1/3 x 2.80869 Mpa = Pa x Ypa

= 5.9645799 t/m = 0.93529 t/m = 5.57863 t/m

d izin beton K225 = 75 kg/cm2 (tabel mutu beton) 0.333 x 225 = 75 kg/cm2

d it + dn < 75 kg/cm2

M + Z < 75 kg/cm2
W A

4.2875 - 5.57863 + 12.25 < 75 kg/cm2

1/6 x 3.2 ^2 1 3.2 x 1

-0.76 + 4

3.07 < 75 kg/cm2

3.07 < 738.154 ton/m2 Oke!!
 Karena tegangan yang terjadi lebih kecil dari tegangan izin bahan, maka tidak diperlukan perkuatan dengan menggunkan tulangan

Diketahui : d izin geser beton K225 = 6.5 kg/cm2

d= ∑P ∑P = Pa - Pb
b x 1
Pa = 5.96458 t/m

d= 5.965 Pb = 0
3.2 x 1

d= 1.86393 t/m2 < 6.5 kg/cm2

d= 1.864 kg/cm2 < 63.973 ton/m2 Oke !!

POTONGAN 2-2

110
630 Yt1 = 1.5

Yt1sat = 1.55
700 Yair = 1
590 Ybeton = 2.5

w3 w4 70

w8

50
w5

210 40
30 250 70 60

Berat dinding penahan tanah

Bidang 5
W5 = P5 x L5 x Ybeton bertulang
= 0.5 x 3.8 x 2.5
= 4.75 t/m
Bidang 3 Bidang 4
W3 = 1/2 x a x t x Ybeton bertulang W4 = p4 x L4 x Ybeton bertulang
= 0.5 x 2.5 x 7 x 2.5 = 7 x 0.7 x 2.5
= 21.875 t/m = 12.25 t/m

Bidang 8 ∑W = w3 + w4 + w8
W8 = p8 x L8 x Yt1 = 21.875 + 12.25 + 0.63
= 0.7 x 0.6 x 1.5
= 0.63 t/m = 34.755 t/m

Jarak beban terhadap ujung dinding

x3 = 1/3 x 2.5 + 70 = 70.8325 m

x4 = 1/2 x 0.7 = 0.35 m

x5 = 1/2 x 3.8 - 0.5 = 1.4 m

x8 = 1/2 x 0.6 = 0.3 m

Momen ujung dinding penahan terhadap titik guling

Bidang W (t/m) X (m) Mi = Wi.Xi
3 21.875 70.8325 1549.460938
4 12.25 0.35 4.2875
5 4.75 1.4 6.65
8 0.63 0.3 0.189
∑ 39.505 - 1560.587438

Diagram tegangan tanah laeral

ka = 1- sin Ꝋ dimana Ꝋ = 18 ka = 1+ sin Ꝋ dimana Ꝋ = 20
1+ sin Ꝋ 1- sin Ꝋ

ka = 1- 0.30902 = 0.52786 ka = 1+ 0.34202 = 2.040

1+ 0.30902 1- 0.34202

Menentukan tegangan tanah induk

Z = 0 da = Yt1 x Z x Ka - 2x C1 x Ka

= 1.5 x 0 x 0.52786 - 2x 1.5 x 0.52786

= 0 - 2.17963

= -2.17963 t/m2

Z = H1 da = Yt1 x Z x Ka - 2x C1 x Ka

= 7.5 m = 1.5 x 7.5 x 0.52786 - 2x 1.5 x 0.52786

= 5.93847 - 2.17963

= 3.75884 t/m2

Z = Yt1 x Z x Ka - 2x C1 x Ka

= 1.5 x Z x 0.52786 - 2x 1.5 x 0.52786

Z = 2.1796276 = 2.753 (Daerah keretakan tarik)

0.7917961
 -2.17963

2.75276 m

4.74724 m

3.75884
Menentukan tanah lateral

Tanah Aktif
Pa = 1/2 x 3.75884 x 4.74724 Ypa = 1/3 x 3.75884 Mpa = Pa x Ypa

= 8.9220575 t/m = 1.25169 t/m = 11.1677 t/m

d izin beton K225 = 75 kg/cm2 (tabel mutu beton) 0.333 x 225 = 75 kg/cm2

d it + dn < 75 kg/cm2

M + Z < 75 kg/cm2
W A

1560.5874 - 11.1677 + 39.51 < 75 kg/cm2

1/6 x 3.8 ^2 1 3.8 x 1

643.80 + 10

654.20 < 75 kg/cm2

654.20 < 738.154 ton/m2 Oke!!
Karena tegangan yang terjadi lebih kecil dari tegangan izin bahan, maka tidak diperlukan perkuatan dengan menggunkan tulangan

Diketahui : d izin geser beton K225 = 6.5 kg/cm2

d= ∑P ∑P = Pa - Pb
b x 1
Pa = 8.92206 t/m

d= 8.922 Pb = 0
3.8 x 1

d= 2.34791 t/m2 < 6.5 kg/cm2

d= 2.348 t/m2 < 63.973 t/m2 Oke !!