International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 120 No. 6 2018, 6679-6690

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

Assessment of Higher Order

Computational Model for Free Vibration
Analysis of Functionally Graded
Material Plates
D. T. Naveenkumar 1 , Sangeetha D M2 , Naveen B O3
Department of Civil Engineering,
1
Sri VenkateshwaraCollege of Engineering, Banagalore,
2
Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Mangalore,
3
National Institute Of Engineering, Mysore,
India.
naveendt012@gmail.com
ursang2008@gmail.com
bonaveen3@gmail.com

June 26, 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the complete theoretical formulation
and the analytical solutions for the free vibration analysis
of functionally graded material (FGM) plates using Higher-
order Shear Deformation Theory with nine degrees of free-
dom (HSDT9). The material properties are assumed to
be isotropic along the plane of the plate and vary through
the thickness according to the power law function. The
equations of motion are obtained using Hamiltons princi-
ple. The analytical solutions are obtained in closed-form
using Naviers solution technique and by solving the eigen-
value equation.
Keywords: Analytical solution, Functionally graded
Material plates, Higher-order model, Hamiltons principle,

6679
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

Naviers method, Power law function,Shear deformation.

1 INTRODUCTION
The concept of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) was pro-
posed in 1984 by materials scientists as a means of preparing ther-
mal barrier materials. FGMs are the heterogeneous composite ma-
terials in which the material properties are gradually varied along
certain directions in a predetermined manner. Thus, mitigating the
problems induced due to sudden change of thermo-mechanical prop-
erties as in the case of laminated composites. FGMs have a great
potential of becoming an advanced struc-tural material in various
engineering and industrial applications. Therefore, to use them
efficiently a good understanding of their structural and dynami-
cal behavior and also an accurate knowledge of the deformation
characteristics, stress distribution, natural frequencies and buck-
ling loads under various load conditions are needed. Several an-
alytical and numerical approaches have been proposed by various
authers for the analysis of FGM plates. Hamiltons principle and
assumed mode technique were used by Ng et. al. to study the
parametric resonance of FGM rectangular plates based on classical
plate theory under harmonic in-plane loading [1].Dai et al. em-
ployed ameshfree radial point interpolation method for static and
dynamic analyses of FGM plates based on First-order Shear Defor-
mation Theory (FSDT)[2]. First five natural frequencies of an FGM
plate were maximized using FSDT along with FEM by Batra and
Jin [3]. Hosseini-Hashemiet al. employed CPT to show that FGM
plates can be idealized as homogeneous plates by properly selecting
the reference surface so that no special tool is required to analyse
their behavior [4]. A Levi type solution was employed by Whitney
and N.J. Pagano for free vibration analysis of FGM plates based on
FSDT, where two opposite edges are simply supported and other
two edges under various boundary conditions [5].
In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare and assess
quantitatively the accuracy of the results obtained using Higher-
order computational model with nine degrees of freedom for predi-
cating free vibration response of simply supported FGM plates.

6680
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

2 DISPLACEMENT MODEL
Based on the HSDT9 the displacement field at a point in an FGM
plate is expressed as [6],

Figure 1: Plate geometry with positive set of plate reference axes

and displacement components

Where the terms u0 , v0 are the in-plane displacements and the

term w0 is the transverse displacement of a general point (x, y) on
the middle plane. The functions θx , θy are rotations of the normal
to the middle plane about y and x axes respectively. The func-
tions u0 *, v0 *, θx *, θy * are the higher-order terms in the Taylors
series expansion and they represent higher-order transverse cross
sectional deformation modes. Though the above theory is already
reported earlier in the literature, analytical formulations and so-
lutions for the free vibrationanalysis of FGM sandwich plates is
obtained for the first time in the present investigation and hence
the results using the above are referred to as present (HSDT9) in
all the tables and figures. In addition to above the following First-
order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) already reported in the

6681
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

literature for the analysis of FGM plates is also considered for the
evaluation purpose. Results using the two theories are generated
independently and presented here as benchmark for future research
purposes. FSDT [7]:

2.1 Constitutive Equations

Assuming through the thickness gradation of material properties,
the volume fraction composition is defined using a power law func-
tion as Fine Aggregates

Where,
Em = Youngs modulus of metal,
Ec = Youngs modulus of ceramic,
p=Parameter that dictates the variation of material profile through
the thickness,
ν=Poissons ratio,
h=Thickness of the plate.
The governing equations of motion are derived using Hamiltons
principle. The equations of motion associated with the present first-
order computational model are, Solutions are obtained in closed
form using the Naviers technique by solving the boundary value
problem.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this section, the numerical examples solved are described and
discussed. For all the problems, a simply supported rectangular
FGM plate with SS-1 boundary conditions is considered for the

6682
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

analysis. The following sets of data are used in obtaining numerical

results,
Material-1 (Zenkour, 2005)

Material-2

Material-4

Results are reported using the following non-dimensional form

unless otherwise specified.

Validation: The non-dimensionalized values of natural fre-

quencies of a moderately thick square isotropic plate computed
using both the theories are given in Table 1 along with the per-
centage error with respect to three-dimensional elasticity solutions
(Srinivas et al., 1970). It is observed that the results obtained using
HSDT9 is nearest to those values predicted using three-dimensional
elasticity solutions
Example 1: A simply supported FGM plate is considered. Ma-
terial set 1 is used. Table 2 gives the non-dimensionalized values of
fundamental natural frequency in an FGM plate for various values
of side-to-thickness ratio and edge ratio. The value of fundamental
natural frequency increases with the increase in the value of both
side-to-thickness ratio and edge ratio as well. For a given value of
edge ratio the difference in the results predicted using HSDT9 and
FSDT decreases with the increase in the value of side-to-thickness
ratio and for very thin plates (edge ratio equal to 50 and 100) the
value predicted by both the theories is almost same.
Example 2: A simply supported FGM plate is considered. Ma-
terial set 2 is used. Table 3 gives the non-dimensionalized values of
fundamental natural frequency in the FGM plate for various values
of side-to-thickness ratio and power law parameter. For a given

6683
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

value of side-to-thickness ratio fundamental natural frequency de-

creases with the increase in the value of power law parameter and
for a given value of edge ratio the fundamental natural frequency
increases with the increase in the value of side-to-thickness ratio.
For a given value of power law parameter the
Example 3: A simply supported FGM plate is considered. Ma-
terial set 3 is used. Table 4 gives the non-dimensionalized values of
fundamental natural frequency in the FGM plate for various val-
ues of edge ratio and power law parameter. For a given value of
edge ratio the fundamental natural frequency decreases with the
increase in the value of power law parameter whereas for a given
value of power law parameter the value of the fundamental natural
frequency increases with the increase in the value of edge ratio. For
a given value of power law parameter the difference in the value
predicted using HSDT9 and FSDT increases with the increase in
the value of edge ratio

6684
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

6685
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

6686
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

6687
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

4 CONCLUSION
Analytical formulations and solutions to study the free vibration
response of simply supported FGM rectangular plates using an
higher-order theory with nine degrees of freedom are presented.The
accuracy of the solution is first established by comparing the results
with exact three-dimensional elasticity solution available in the lit-
erature. After establishing the accuracy of prediction, new results
for the FGM plates with varying side-to-thickness ratio, aspect ra-
tio, and power law function are presented.

References
[1] T. Ng, K. Lam, and K Liew, Effects of FGM materials on the
parametric resonance of plate structures, Computer Methods
in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 190, no. 8-10, pp.
953962, 2000.

[2] K.Y. Dai, G.R. Liu, K.M. Lim, X. Han and , S.Y. Du, A mesh-
free radial point interpolation method for analysis of function-
ally graded material (FGM) plates, Computational Mechanics,
vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 213223, 2004.

[3] R.C. Batra, and J.Jin, Natural frequencies of a functionally

graded anisotropic rectangular plate,Journal of Sound and Vi-
bration, vol. 282, no. 1-2, pp. 509516, 2005.

[4] S. Abrate, Functionally graded plates behave like homoge-

neous plates,Composites part B: engineering, vol. 39, no. 1,
pp. 151158, 2008.

[5] S. Hosseini-Hashemi, M. Fadaee, and S.R. Atashipour, ”A new

exact analytical approach for free vibration of ReissnerMindlin
functionally graded rectangular plates” , International Journal
of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 1122, 2011.

[6] B. N.Pandya andT.Kant,Finite element stress analysis of lami-

nated composites using higher order displacement model. Com-
posites Science and Technologyvol. 32, no. 2,:137155, 1998.

10

6688
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

[7] J.M. Whitney and N.J. Pagano, Shear deformation in hetero-

geneous anisotropic plates, Computer Methods in Applied Me-
chanics and Engineering, vol. 37, pp. 1031-1036, 1970.

[8] S. Srinivas; C. V. Joga Rao andA. K.Rao, An exact analysis

for vibration of simply-supported homogeneous and laminated
thick rectangular plates,Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol.
12, no. 2, pp. 187-199, 1970

11

6689
6690