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Pressure drop in Multi phase Pipeline
+ Consider 2 phases flow: liquid (water & oil) and gas
* Two factors:
+ Slip or no slip (both phases have the same velocity)
+ Flow regime
‘+ The gas volumetric fraction is also called gas void fraction
© Noslip: 4 =e
* 44
i 3 # Sips =o
Slippage: anf
‘© The liquid volumetric fraction is also called liquid holdup
ig oe
oSp go Pressure drop in Multi phase Pipeline
* Blow regime: * Superficial velocity:
af 4
Rae tw
‘+ Mixture velocity:
+
Vy Vig AVE
,
‘Mandhane et al. (1974) horizontal flow pattern map based on experiments,
Pressure drop in Multi phase Pipeline
+ Flow regime:
a
‘chan Pressure drop in Multi phase Pipeline
Empirical Correlations [wen Fiow correlations Category
# Three Categories: Poetmann and Garpenter a
‘+ A—No slip, no flow pattern consideration Baxendell and Thomas A
Homogencous mixture Fancher and Brown A
Mine retentions Reciibas tacac .
+ B—Slip considered, no flow pattern considered [Gray i
Carel forbid bl rion car |S .
© C_ Slip considered, flow pattern considered Daneand Row c
Cerclation ow patra
Correlations for liquid holdup and friction factor for each, Ornseseweel =
Con aziz ot ¢
mm Chieriei etal ¢
Beggs and Bril ¢
Mukherjee and Brill ¢
Beggs and Brill Correiation
The experiments were obtained at The University of Tulsa. The facility consisted of 1" and 1 +4" acryle pipe
sections 90 ft long, Fluids were alr and water. A total of 584 experimental points were obtained,
The pipes could be inclined at any angle,
The parameters were
Gas flow rate (0 to 300 Mscf/d)
Liquid flow rate (0 to 30 gal/rain) (0 w 1030 bbl/d)
Average pipe pressure (35 to 95 psa)
© Pipe diameter (1" and 1 4°)
Liquid hold up (010 .87)
Pressure gradient (0 wo .8 psi/fty
Inclination angle (-90 ta 90 from horizontal)
Flow pattern visully observed in the pipe.
‘For each pipe size and gas and liquid flowrate, the flow pattern was observed on the horizontal set up.
‘After this the pipe inclination angle was varied and the inffnence ofthe inclination angle on the holdup ancl
presure odon vus served = =
+ Thircorrelation s applicable to any pipe inclination angle and low direction
The metho is based on the flow regime that woul occur ifthe pipe were horizontal
Corrections are then presented forthe gas volumetric fraction o liquid holdup to et Beggs and Brill Correlation
© The starting point of this correlation is the identification of the flow pattern that would
exist if the pipe were horizontal.
+ This flow pattern map can only be used to obtain the actual flow pattern if the pipe is
horizontal.
* Iis used though as the starting point of the calculations for pressured drop for any pipe
inclination.
* The Beggs and Brill Horizontal Flow Pattern Map is a function of the Froude Number
and the liquid no-slip vounetric fraction or hold up.
Beggs and Brill classified the flow regimes in horizontal flow initially into 3 categories
Segre stances new
Interment J
DistrBted
Beggs and Brill Correlation
‘+The Flow Pattern isa function of the no-slip liquid volumetric fraction and the Froude Number:
Vv 2
4 = Frotn
V+V,, ed,
fils
Vv, ¢. wy
Infield units; Fp = 37267- 03726704
* Pin
a
dng tress agen HCMAT Nema C2) Beggs and Brill Correlation
1000
100
04
‘No Sip Liquis Volumete Fraction
Beggs and Brill Correlation
1000
Distributed
+00
10
| noe OD
Fem =o.0009252 4,
Froude Number
0001 oot
Fro 25164,"
eg =05a™"
Intermitont
em aaa
04
"No Slip Liquié Volumetric Fraction Beggs and Brill Correlation
© The logic for determing the horizontal flow pattern is
rere
o Fe oat
Fr> Fri
oa
Beh] > Intermittent
eb
nn > anti
et
‘Segregated
Beggs and Brill Correlation.
The next step on eggs and Bil proces the calculation ofthe actual iu
solumetre fraction that would occur on a horizontal pipe
‘This is express a x correlation in the form of
Flow Regime | Gecim Bases egies
Segregated | 0.980 0.4846 0.0868
Tntermitent | 0.845 0.5351 0.0173
Distribute | 1.065 0.5824 0.0600
‘Transition | Interpolation based on the Segregated and|
Intermittent liquid volumetric fractions Beggs and Brill Correlation...
+ The next step is the correction of the liquid holdup to account for
the pipe inclination angle
a, = a/b
$= 1+C|sin(1.80)— 0.333 sin’(1.80)]
2 Where @ isthe incination angle from horizontal
a
pcr COAT en C2)
Beggs and Brill Correlation...
as} sin(1.89)—0.333sin'(1.80)
Imeimaton angie
a
wn C2) Beggs and Brill Correlation...
The parameter C is given by another correlation:
C=(1-a,)inle 4," N, Fr)
+ Distributed uphill flow C= 0
1 And Nis a dimensionless number known as the liquid velocity
number:
fils Ame
‘ys pe
N,, =1.938V,4
aynesiem
Beggs and Brill Correlation...
‘* The remaining parameters are:
Regime a ° t a
Segregated Uphill} 0.011 | -2.7680 | 3.5390 | -1.6140
Intermittent Uphill| 2.960 | 0.3050 | .0.4473 | 0.0978
Distributed Uphill No Correction - C=0
Downward Flow | 4.700 | -0.3692 | 0.1244 | -0.5056 Beggs and Brill Correlation...
+ The transition horizontal liquid actual volumetric fraction is
calculated by interpolation between the segregated andl intermittent
values:
aximasion = optreded 4 B qynteninen
Frye Fr
rf — Free
B=1-A
@ a
te Tig PL, ay rg thon peg HOA Ve eo
Beggs and Brill Correlation...
‘+ After the liquid volumetric fraction is calculated we can calculate the
clevation pressure gradient
pst
4 =-0.433y,, sin(8)
5 sevaton
Ibmift
BiG, +B, Ge,
624 Beggs and Brill Correlation...
‘+ ‘The frictional pressure gradient is calculated using the following
model
a Sg Pl aVn
tlsan 2 a,
Pru = Pitt Py Ay
f,
apt.
Ly.
a
gt Pesan eng HCUAT Nea C2)
Beggs and Brill Correlation...
‘+ ‘The mixture no-slip friction factor is calculated using Moody
diagram based on the no-slip mixture properties
Jb. fu Rensé)
ot
‘ete
Be
“p
My = Why Hy Ay
a
lg testa eng HCUA Nea C2)
Re, =124 Beggs and Brill Correlation...
* The fia friconl pressure gradients hen:
ava
J;
af =-tugrraan’ {fede
FE \ pin Si) 4,
PiAyt Py Ay
62d
1a The correction term for the two phase friction factor was also
presented as a correlation:
a
ecg CAAT nn C2)
Beggs and Brill Correlation...
a The correction term for the two phase friction factor was also
presented as a correlation:
(as)
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