NUCLEAR ABNORMALITIES LYMPHOCYTE ABNORMALITIES

Hyposegmentation: lamin –B-receptor Atypical lymphocytes Downey cells (Dr. Hal Downey)
gene
Hypersegmentation: Abn DNA synthesis TYPES:
Barr body: X-chromosome 1. Type I: Turks Irritation cells/Plasmacytoid lymphocytes
Pelger-Huet Pseudo Pelger-Huet 2. Type II: -Round mass of chromatin, Ballerina skirt appearance
IM cell -IM caused by Epstein Barr virus
# of cells present More cells Less cells 2. Type III: -vacuolated swiss cheese appearance, Moth-eaten appearance
Lineage ALL WBC lineage Only in neutrophils Basket cell/Smudge cell: WBCs with degenerated nucleus or ruptured cell
in form of smudge or basket
Genetic succession Same result with family Neutrophils with normal Hairy Cell: B lymphocytes with hairlike cytoplasmic
on PBS evaluation members granulation projections surrounding the nucleus
Granulation Neutrophils with Sezary cell: T cell with brain like nuclear convolutions “cerebri
normal granulation form”
CYTOPLASMIC ABNORMALITIES PLASMA CELL ABNORMALITIES
Alder-Reilly Bodies: Accumulated degraded mucopolysaccharides Flame cell: increased IgA
Auer rods: Fusion of primary granules Russel bodies: individual globules of immunoglobulins
Chediak-Higashi deficiency in CHS1 LYST gene Grape cell: vacuoles and large protein globules (grape-like)
granules:
Dohle bodies: aggregates of free ribosomes or RER Dutcher’s bodies: Intracellular protein inclusions in plasma cells
Toxic granules: Primary granules showing ALP activity
Toxic vacuoles: end-stage phagocytosis
PHAGOCYTIC ABNORMALITIES
LE cell: neutrophil with ingested nuclei
Tart cell: Monocyte with ingested lymphocyte
FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES
Job Syndrome: normal random activity, abnormal directional activity

Lazy Leukocyte abnormal random and directional activity

syndrome:
Chronic Impaired NADPH oxidase/Respiratory burst
Granulomatous
Disease:
LAD-I: Decreased B-2 integrin for adhesion to endothelial
cells and bacterial recognition
LAD-II: decreased amount or function of selectin ligands
and defective leukocyte recruitment
LAD-III: Defective protein Kindlin-3 for B-integrin
activation and leukocyte rolling