18002-HSE-MG-028-01 Confined Space Management

CONFINED SPACE MANAGEMENT
DOCUMENT: 18002-HSE-MG-028-01
405 MW dc SOLAR PV PLANT,SAKAKA- KSA
Owner / Client ACWA POWER
Owner’s Engineering TYPSA
Principal Subcontractor
MAHINDRA SUSTEN
Name & Designation Signature Date Signed
Dibu. MK
Prepared by: 23/08/2018
HSE Manager
A u t h o r i z e d b Muneer Nwairan 23/08/2018

y: Project Director
Approved by ACWA POWER
The latest version of this document is available in electronic format for consultation and document management.
Document: 18002-HSE-MG-028-01
Rev. No. Purpose of Issue Date Issued Remark
0 Initial release for approval 23/08/2018

1 Update file as per client
03/11/2018
comments
2
Table of Contents
1. Purpose and objective...........................................................................................................................4
2. SCOPE....................................................................................................................................................4
3. GENERAL INFORMATION.......................................................................................................................4
3.1 Reference and definitions..................................................................................................................4
3.2 Controls Elements..............................................................................................................................5
3.3 Related Documents...........................................................................................................................5
4. roles and responsibilities.......................................................................................................................5
4.1 General Responsibilities.....................................................................................................................5
4.2 Specifics Responsibilities...................................................................................................................6
5. Development.........................................................................................................................................7
5.1 General Requirements.......................................................................................................................7
5.2 Confined Spaces Identification..........................................................................................................8
5.3 Risk Assessment and Atmosphere Evaluation...................................................................................9
5.4 Personal Protective Equipment.......................................................................................................10
5.5 Signs and Notifications.....................................................................................................................10
5.6 Entry Procedure...............................................................................................................................10
5.7 Ventilation of confined spaces:........................................................................................................11
5.8 Emergency Procedure......................................................................................................................12
5.9 Training:...........................................................................................................................................12
5.10 Limits...............................................................................................................................................13
6. APPENDIXES.........................................................................................................................................13
6.1 Forms...............................................................................................................................................13
1. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE
The main purpose of this document is to establish general and specific minimum requirements to
minimize the risks associated to confined spaces work.
The principles and requirements herewith established shall apply to any work planned to be carried out
inside confined spaces in order to ensure an appropriate level of safety and compliance with accepted
industrial standards.
2. SCOPE
This procedure applies to all works development during the construction and commissioning to Sakaka
405 MW dc PV Project.
Apply to all companies hired to perform works and services on the Project, even when they have been
contracted by another company, as long as they are coordinated and supervised by the responsible of the
organisation unit or project.
The safe practices and procedures described in this document apply to the construction and
commissioning performed by the CONTRACTOR and its SUBCONTRACTORS inside CONTRACTOR fenced
areas. For activities performed in other contractor or company areas, their Procedure shall be applicable.
In case there is no such procedure then this procedure will be of application.
When a specific Project or COMPANY procedure referred to the activities described below exists such
Project Procedure shall be of application as long as minimum objectives and requirements here identified
are covered therein.
3. GENERAL INFORMATION
3.1 REFERENCE AND DEFINITIONS
Subcontractor: Organization which, under the co-ordination of CONTRACTOR, performs construction and
erection, pre-commissioning and commissioning activities for the project.
Confined Space: For countries rules by OSHA is defined as an enclosure large enough and so configured
that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work, has limited or restricted means for entry
or exit, not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
Entry: The action by which a person passes through an opening into a confined space. Entry is considered
to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.
Entry Permit: A written, pre-entry checklist document, which duly completed and signed approved by
competent supervisor, shows evidence that all safety requirements have been met for allowing personnel
entry into a confined space.
Hazardous Atmosphere: That which can expose worker to risks of death, injury, disability, nuisance,
annoyance, difficulty, impairment of ability to exit by his own means from confined spaces, or acute
illness from one or more of the following causes: flammable gas, vapour, or mist in excess of 10% of its
lower flammable level (LFL); atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% and above 23.5%;
atmospheric concentration of any hazardous substance at levels immediately dangerous to life and health
or that may result in employee exposure in excess to permissible levels.
Oxygen Deficient: Atmosphere which contains less than 19.5% oxygen by volume. Low levels supply of
oxygen to the blood affects brain functions and human response.
Gas Test: Qualitative and quantitative measurements, using appropriate and calibrated instruments,
performed by a qualified person in order to determine the presence and the concentration of toxic gases,
flammables, and oxygen levels at a particular work site.
Authorised Entrant: An employee who is authorized by his supervisor to enter a confined space. Under
the perspective of the LOTO Procedure, an authorized entrant may also become an affected employee.
3.2 CONTROLS ELEMENTS
All hazards involved in the use of power tools can be prevented by following some basic safety rules:
1. Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance;

2. Use the right tool for the job;
3. Examine each tool for damage before use;
4. Operate according to the manufacturer’s instructions;
5. Utilize the proper protective equipment.; and
6. Participate in safety training
All workers that will use Hand or Power tools will have technical capacity and enough training to carry out
works with this equipment.
3.3 RELATED DOCUMENTS
7. 18002-HSE-MG-017-00 Work permit management

8. 18002-HSE-MG-012-00 PPE Management
9. 18002-HSE-MG-011-00 HSE Inspection
10.18002-HSE-MG-007-00 HSE Training
11.18002-HSE-MG-021-00 Hazardous material management
12.18002-HSE-PL-001-00 HSE Management plan
4. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
4.1 GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES
It is responsibility of the Construction Manager together with the HSE Manager to manage, distribute,
execute and control the application of this procedure.
This procedure must be followed by all workers involved in Confined Spaces work. All personnel are
responsible for ensuring that working conditions are safe and that all requirements described in the
permit are complied with at all times.
4.2 SPECIFICS RESPONSIBILITIES
Site, Construction, and Commissioning Managers: Ensure these safety practices are known and complied
with by area superintendents and supervisors. Guarantee personnel and economical resources in order to
enhance compliance with these safety practices. Participate in safety inspections to evaluate compliance
of these safety practices.
Construction and Commissioning Superintendents/Supervisors: Approve confined space permits and be

responsible for getting involved timely in the planning phase of jobs to be carried out in confined spaces
to ensure SUBCONTRACTORS adhere thoroughly to the contents of this document. Determining if
conditions are acceptable for entry to the space. Ensuring that only persons who have completed the
required training are assigned as Safety watcher or Entrants. Posting any required barriers and signs.
Ensuring a rescue team is available and instructed in their rescue duties (e.g., an onsite team or a
prearranged outside rescue service). Authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, after ensuring air
monitoring is performed by personnel qualified and trained in confined space entry procedures where
required.
Ensuring periodic atmospheric monitoring is done according to permit requirements. Ensuring all workers
has left the confined space, before the confined space is safely closed. Ensuring the permit is cancelled
when the work is done. Participating in safety inspections and facilitate immediate correction of
deficiencies.
HSE Manager and Safety Officers: Identify together with CONTRACTOR and SUBCONTRACTOR
Superintendents and Supervisors all Confined Spaces where permits are required. Ensure training of
personnel is conducted. Ensure equipment is in compliance with standards.
Inspect and audit confined space works in order to verify compliance with safety practices and
requirements and to detect and correct any deviations that may endanger workers integrity. Participate
in and coordinate safety inspections, walk-around, and audits to assess compliance of these safety
practices.
They will review and approval of permits and conduct Gas Testing.
Safety Watcher: Should be positioned at the entry to the Confined Space and should be knowledgeable
of, and be able to recognize, potential confined space hazards. Maintain a sign-in/sign-out log with a
count of all persons in the confined space and ensure all entrants sign in/sign-out. Maintain effective and
continuous communication with personnel during confined space entry, work and exit. Notice any
entrants acting strangely, possibly as a result of exposure to hazardous substances. Notice a situation
outside the confined space which could endanger personnel. Notice within the confined space any hazard
which has not been previously recognized or taken into consideration. Keep unauthorized persons out of
the confined space, order them out, or notify authorized personnel of the unauthorized entry.
Workers: Employees who are granted permission to enter a confined space should read and observe the
entry permit requirements. Use the protective equipment required by the permit. Immediately exit the
confined space when ordered to do so by the safety watcher. Automatic alarms sound. They perceive
they are in danger.
5. DEVELOPMENT
CONTRACTOR and SUBCONTRACTORS shall use the Work Permit System to enter confined areas or spaces
to be approved by CONTRACTOR. Access to confined spaces without prior Work Permit is strictly
prohibited.
5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
13.The contractor shall identify all confined spaces in the construction site and prepare a list of
these spaces.
14.The list of confined spaces shall be updated as new confined spaces are discovered in the
worksite.
15.Appropriate warning signs shall be posted on all confined spaces in the construction worksite to
warn all employees of the danger of such spaces and that these spaces are permit-required.
16.All employees who are required to enter and perform a work inside confined spaces shall be
notified of the hazards of the spaces that may be faced during entry. Necessary periodic training
shall be provided to those employees on safe working procedures while in confined spaces.
17.An appropriate safety permit form shall be developed so as not to permit any personnel to work
in confined spaces except after taking all necessary precautions and obtaining the required
permit from the qualified competent person designated by the contractor.
18.No person shall be required or allowed to enter any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or other
confined space in any construction site in which any gas, fume, vapor, dust or oxygen deficiency
atmosphere is likely to be present as to involve risk to persons, unless:
o Certified by competent person, properly trained and able to interpret test results based
on test, carried out by himself that the space is free from dangerous gas, vapours,
fumes, dust or oxygen deficient atmosphere.
o Such person is wearing suitable breathing apparatus and safety belt securely attached to
a rope where its free end is held by another person and anchored outside the confined
space.
o A control system is established incorporating the safety precautions, testing of
atmosphere testing, safety equipment and required supervision for the job
19.Each and every entry to a confined space shall require a Confined Space Entry Permit to be duly
completed and signed as well as a Work Permit and the corresponding risk assessment.
20.Project schedule and production requirements are and shall always be secondary to the
requirement of achieving acceptably safe conditions before personnel entry into confined
spaces.
21.Prior to entering the confined space, all involved personnel (workers, safety watcher, and
rescue team) shall assist to a specific training session referred to all existing hazards and
preventive measures to be taken. This training session must include, as a minimum, the
following issues:
o Risks associated to activities to be performed, and how to prevent or control them.

o How to use and gauge all gas testing equipment
o Appropriate selection and use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), lighting devices,
ventilation, etc.,
o Communication means between the inside and the outside of the confined space.
Emergency response procedure.
CONTRACTOR shall certify that the training has been accomplished. The certification shall contain each
employee's name, the signatures or initials of the trainers, and the dates of training. The certification shall
be available for inspection by employees and their authorized representatives and shall evaluate the
workplace to determine if any spaces are permit-required confined spaces.
If the workplace contains confined spaces work permit, CONTRACTOR shall inform exposed employees,
by posting danger signs or by any other equally effective means, of the existence and location of and the
danger posed by the confined spaces work permit.
In some instances, hostile atmospheres may require continuous ventilation. A typical value for
contaminants removal rate is 6 times the volume of the confined space per hour.
Surface residues, internal structural members, thermally hot components, and heated atmospheres shall
also be considered as physical hazards before and during occupancy.
A qualified person, properly trained and able to interpret test results based on test, shall test the
atmosphere in the confined space with calibrated instruments and repeat the test as frequently as
deemed necessary during occupancy. The periods between calibrations will not exceed those specified by
the equipment manufacturer. The Calibration certificate must be available in HSE records.
Surface residues, internal structural members, thermally hot components, and heated atmospheres shall
also be considered as physical hazards before and during occupancy.
No individual shall enter any confined space unless properly authorized to do so.
In all cases, equipment shall be taken out of service as per established operating and maintenance
procedures and shall be subjected to the application of the LOTO Procedure from the process and
electrical standpoints.
Method statements and risk assessments shall always be performed in association to confined space
entries tasks. Similarly, Permit-to-Work Procedure shall be followed at all times.
A confined space must always be assumed to have oxygen-deficient and/or toxic/flammable

atmospheres, until proven otherwise by corresponding gas tests.
5.2 CONFINED SPACES IDENTIFICATION
The workplace shall be evaluated by the Contractor to identify all confined spaces:
22.Confined spaces should be identified preferably on a drawing, for easy location.

23.The confined space listing shall be communicated to personnel prior to performing any task in
or around a confined space.
24.Confined spaces shall be clearly identified at the access so that no worker will gain access
without a proper authorised permit.
Each identified confined space shall be assessed as to whether or not it:
25.Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.

26.Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant.
27.Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly
converging walls or by a floor.
28.Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.
5.3 RISK ASSESSMENT AND ATMOSPHERE EVALUATION
All confined spaces will be treated as “Permit-Required Confined Spaces” and therefore will require
atmospheric evaluation through gas tests. Prior to entrance, confined spaces shall be properly emptied,
cleaned, and ventilated so as to eliminate toxic gases. Vapours, and hazardous materials. That may
present in different states. Furthermore, the following shall be checked in this same sequence:
29.Test oxygen concentration and ensure that it is not less than 19.5 % and not more than 23.5%.
30.Test combustible material concentration and ensure that it is less than 10% and when welding
operations shall be performed in the confined space, the concentration shall be 0%.
31.Test toxic gases concentration and ensure it is less than the permissible exposure limits.
32.Testing shall be conducted in the bottom, middle and top of the confined space as some toxic
gases are heavier than air thus deposited to the bottom, others are of the same density of air
thus remain in the middle and others are lighter tan air thus accumulate on the top of the tank.
Any person who will perform a job inside a confined space, shall be permanently observed by the guard
who will notify the Responsible Supervisor of any irregularity. No person shall enter a confined space
unless all emergency and rescue precautions have been taken and at least a watcher or guard is outside
and in constant communication with the worker. Confined space guards shall be tested and certified by
the SUBCONTRACTOR in advance.
The Contractor requires all tasks to have a suitable risk assessment completed before the task begins.
Tasks that include a requirement for confined space entry shall have all foreseeable hazards associated
with the planned work identified and control measures detailed on the risk assessment. No permit shall
be issued for confined space entry until a competent person has reviewed the risk assessment and
confirms it complies with this requirement.
The list below identifies some typical hazards associated with confined space entry:
33.Asphyxiation by oxygen level depletion.

34.Poisoning or intoxication by inhalation of harmful gases/ vapours.
35.Entrapment by moving machinery.
36.Heat exhaustion.
37.Fire or explosion caused by flammable or explosive gases and vapours.
38.Slips, trips and falls.
39.Engulfment by free-flowing solids.

This list is not exhaustive and may not include all foreseeable hazards associated with the space to be
entered. Site-specific assessments must be made by competent persons, with knowledge of the particular
confined spaces types to be entered.
The risk assessment shall be reviewed, and if required, updated, if at any time during the task, the
method of working, or the sequence of operations has to be modified. Whenever the risk assessment is
updated the permit shall also be reviewed, and if required cancelled and a new permit issued.
If testing reveals that hazardous atmosphere is developing all employees will immediately exit the space.
5.4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Basic safety gear, like hard hat, protective eye wear, protective gloves, and steel toe shoes, are
fundamental for confined space entry. Hearing protection – ear plugs or muffs – may be additionally
necessary if noise exceed permissible levels. Similarly, special body chemical resistant garments may be
required to avoid skin contamination or absorption of certain chemical substances.
Respiratory protection is particularly crucial for work inside confined space. Respiratory protection type
will depend on contaminant substances and materials properties and concentrations present in the
space.
Totally encapsulated suits are special protection safety gear designed for use in oxygen-deficient or
energized atmospheres or where skin-irritating and skin-absorbed substances are present.
Other particular hazards (i.e., fall hazards) may require specific type of personal protective equipment
(i.e., full body harness). Whatever the case might be, risk assessment will determinate the type of PPE
required.
5.5 SIGNS AND NOTIFICATIONS
Danger signs should be conveniently and conspicuously placed at entrance of confined spaces for proper
identification and to warn personnel of hazards.
All confined space entries shall have a safety watcher posted outside the confined space, identified with a
high visibility colour vest, in communication with the workers inside.
Communication should be maintained with personnel inside the confined space through appropriate
means, which should be agreed to before works commencement.
All exposed employees shall be inform of the presence of Work Permit Confined Spaces.
5.6 ENTRY PROCEDURE
Employees required to enter confined spaces shall be instructed as to the nature of hazards involved,
necessary precautions to be taken and in the use of protective and emergency equipment required.
Whenever any worker is inside a confined space, a safety watcher shall be at the access at all times;
worker and safety watcher shall be constantly in touch during all the time the worker is inside the
confined space and special emergency and rescue means shall be available outside the confined space as
required.
If a dedicated rescue team has been deemed necessary, this shall be near the confined space and ready
to proceed in case it is necessary. This team will be properly trained both on rescue matters and confined
space entry issues.
The confined space entry form shall be visible and clearly posted, along with the corresponding work
permit, at the confined space entrance together with the list of workers entering and exiting the confined
space. The list shall be permanently updated by writing the name of the worker and time of the entrance,
as well as having the worker sign in the list.
When a worker exits the confined space he must register it in the permit by signing out in the “exit”
column, so that it is conveniently known, at any time, how many workers there are inside the confined
space.
Before any confined space is prepared for workers entry, the following shall be done:
40.Preparation of the confined space as required: ventilation, cleaning, empty, isolation, etc.
41.Verification of safety conditions inside the space: ensuring oxygen concentration is between
19.5 – 23.5 %. Guaranteeing that there is no flammable vapour or toxic gas inside the confined
space.
42.Any source of electrical power shall be isolated and LOTO’ed prior to entering the confined
space.
43.Lock any valve and protect equipment from accidental switch on by proper application of LOTO.
44.Comply with all permit requirements and conditions.
5.7 VENTILATION OF CONFINED SPACES:
45.Mechanical ventilation shall provide in a confined space by using proper air blowers.
46.Those blowers shall be operated by compressed air to permit not less than 20 times air change
of the space per hour.
47.In case of performing any welding operations within a confined space, mechanical ventilation
shall be provided near the welding point. Appropriate PPE and hot work permit shall be
provided to prevent any health hazards resulted from the welding fumes.
48.Before starting work in a confined space, all its contents shall Be removed. All electrical and
mechanical equipment, power sources, valves and line shall be appropriately locked out and
tagged. Blind flanges shall also be fixed on lines to ensure positive isolation and prevent
hazardous materials from entering into the confined space which may cause hazards to
employees therein.
49.After verifying that the confined space is safe, well ventilated and the interior atmospheric
conditions are suitable for work, all employees who will perform the job (entrants) shall be
notified of all safe procedures followed, and responsibilities and tasks of each entrant,
equipment and necessary PPE to be used, then entrant will enter to the space to perform work.
Oxygen, toxic gases and flammable material testing instruments shall be kept working to
continuously monitor the atmosphere while entrants are working in the confined space. These
instruments are so designed as to activate an alarm siren when measurements exceed the
permissible exposure limits, in case the alarm is activated the employees shall be required to
evacuate the confined space immediately.
5.8 EMERGENCY PROCEDURE
A CONTRACTOR who designates rescue and emergency services shall evaluate a prospective rescuer's
ability to immediately respond in the event of a rescue exercise in a timely manner, considering the
hazard(s) identified and evaluate a prospective rescue service's ability, in terms of proficiency with
rescue-related tasks and equipment, to function appropriately while rescuing entrants from the particular
permit space or types of permit spaces identified.
If required, select a rescue team or service from those evaluated that:
50.Has the capability to reach the victim(s) within a time frame that is appropriate for the permit
space hazard(s) identified.
51.Is equipped for and proficient in performing the needed rescue services.
52.Inform each rescue team or service of the hazards they may confront when called on to perform
rescue at the site.
53.Provide the rescue team or service selected with access to all permit spaces from which rescue
may be necessary so that the rescue service can develop appropriate rescue plans and practice
rescue operations.
A trained person (attendant) shall permanently exist in the confined space entrance to monitor activities
of the entrants and to notice any hazards that may appear in the confined space. Under any
circumstance, the attendant is not authorized to enter the confined space and if any entrant in the
confined space is injured, the attendant shall:
54.Perform a non-entry rescues by using the available methods such as lifeline or other rescue
methods such as retrieval methods.
55.In case performing non-entry rescue is not feasible, immediately he must summon rescue team
which is equipped with respirators, and other rescue devices appropriate to enter a confined
space and rescue the injured person.
56.A qualified responsible person designated by the contractor as entry supervisor shall supervise
all confined space procedures and activities.
57.All rescue team members shall be ready on call and equipped with all PPE necessary for making
rescues to any entrant injured or exposed to other hazardous conditions.
5.9 TRAINING:
58.The contractor shall instruct all employees in different construction sites not to enter any
confined space without obtaining the proper entry permit.
59.All employees who are required to enter confined spaces or act as entry supervisors or
attendants, and rescue members shall be trained to acquire the skills and procedures necessary
for safe performance of their responsibilities while working in the confined space.
60.All rescue team members in the site shall be instructed in the proper use of PPE necessary for
rescue processes and these PPE shall be tested periodically and regularly
5.10 LIMITS
Table: Limits of oxygen, Flammable vapours and contaminants.

Type of work Flammable Oxygen Maximum Oxygen Minimum Toxic
vapours contaminants
Maximum Maximum
Hot work General 1% LEL 21% 19.5% 50%OEL
(See Note1)
Cold work, 10%LEL 21% 19.5% 50%OEL
general
Entry into 1% LEL 21% 19.5% 50% OEL Organic
confined space Lead Nil
without breathing
apparatus
Entry into 10% LEL 21% 19.5% 100%OEL unless
confined space respiratory
with breathing protection
apparatus, for specifically
cold work and certified suitable
inspection
Entry into an inert Normal 8% 0% Special
confined space flammability rules precautions apply
with positive not relevant
breathing
apparatus
Entry into an inert Not permitted
confined space
without breathing
apparatus
LEL: Lower explosive limit
OEL: occupational Exposure limit
6. APPENDIXES
6.1 FORMS
61.18002-HSE-FO-028a-00 Confined Space Register

62.18002-HSE-FO-017a-00 Work permit Template

18002-HSE-MG-028-01 Confined Space Management

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CONFINED SPACE MANAGEMENT

Owner / Client ACWA POWER

Owner’s Engineering TYPSA

Name & Designation Signature Date Signed

A u t h o r i z e d b Muneer Nwairan 23/08/2018

Approved by ACWA POWER

Rev. No. Purpose of Issue Date Issued Remark

0 Initial release for approval 23/08/2018

1. Purpose and objective...........................................................................................................................4

3.1 Reference and definitions..................................................................................................................4

3.2 Controls Elements..............................................................................................................................5

3.3 Related Documents...........................................................................................................................5

4. roles and responsibilities.......................................................................................................................5

4.1 General Responsibilities.....................................................................................................................5

4.2 Specifics Responsibilities...................................................................................................................6

5.1 General Requirements.......................................................................................................................7

5.2 Confined Spaces Identification..........................................................................................................8

5.3 Risk Assessment and Atmosphere Evaluation...................................................................................9

5.4 Personal Protective Equipment.......................................................................................................10

5.5 Signs and Notifications.....................................................................................................................10

5.6 Entry Procedure...............................................................................................................................10

5.7 Ventilation of confined spaces:........................................................................................................11

5.8 Emergency Procedure......................................................................................................................12

1. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE

3.1 REFERENCE AND DEFINITIONS

3.2 CONTROLS ELEMENTS

1. Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance;

3.3 RELATED DOCUMENTS

7. 18002-HSE-MG-017-00 Work permit management

4. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

4.1 GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES

4.2 SPECIFICS RESPONSIBILITIES

Construction and Commissioning Superintendents/Supervisors: Approve confined space permits and be

5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

o Risks associated to activities to be performed, and how to prevent or control them.

A confined space must always be assumed to have oxygen-deficient and/or toxic/flammable

5.2 CONFINED SPACES IDENTIFICATION

22.Confined spaces should be identified preferably on a drawing, for easy location.

25.Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.

5.3 RISK ASSESSMENT AND ATMOSPHERE EVALUATION

33.Asphyxiation by oxygen level depletion.

39.Engulfment by free-flowing solids.

5.4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

5.5 SIGNS AND NOTIFICATIONS

5.6 ENTRY PROCEDURE

5.7 VENTILATION OF CONFINED SPACES:

5.8 EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

Table: Limits of oxygen, Flammable vapours and contaminants.

61.18002-HSE-FO-028a-00 Confined Space Register

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