SUDAIR-M-HS-LTSA-PC-0081 - (SUD-HSE-PR-021) Scaffolding Systems

Received Sat 12/06/2021 05:10 +0300 (Local send time: Sat 12/06/2021 07:40 +0500)
Subject Re: SUDAIR-M-HS-LTSA-PC-0081 Scaffolding Systems- Approved
Sender ACWA Krishnan, Dibu Maimbilly
To ACWA AlKhoshi, Yahya

ACWA Quraishi, Rashid Eqbal
L&T Afzaal, Mohammed
L&T Shaheen, Ahmed
Carbon copy ACWA Almadhi, Yazeed

ACWA Alruwaili, Mushari
ACWA Basha, Madina
ACWA Fertis, Dimitris
ACWA Kinni, Shivakumar
ACWA Rahman, Aqil Abdul
ACWA Shakeri, Roonak
ACWA Villagomez, Eduardo
ACWA Zavitsanos, Georgios
L&T Ahmed, Danish
L&T Choudhury P, Abhijit
L&T Gunasekar, N
L&T Kuity, Durgapada
L&T Kumar, S Bharathi
L&T Mathew, Ranjit
L&T Naseer, Irfan
L&T Papadopoulos, Antonios
L&T Ponrajapandi, R
L&T Shetty, Vikas
L&T Sundriyal, Amit
NOMAC Atwi, Ali Ahmed
think project! system
Message
Dear Ahmed,
Pls note that Procedure peratiaing to scaffolding system is approved.
Regards,
Dibu mk
L&T Construction
Power Transmission & Distribution (Middle East)
Scaffolding Systems
SUDAIR-HSE-PR-021-00
1.6 GWac / 1.8 GWp Sudair

PV IPP Project, KSA
L&T Construction
Revision history
Revision Date Description of changes Status
00 09.06.2021 First issue IFA
Status Codes
IFR: Issued for Review
IFA: Issued for Approval
IFI: Issued for Implementation
Document reviews and approvals
Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by:
Rajeev Ramakrishnan Anthony Papadopoulos Bharathi Kumar

Head HSSE – PT&D – KSA Head QHSSE – PT&D – Middle East Project Director
Date: Date: Date:

09.06.2021 09.06.2021 09.06.2021
Legal Notice
Any exploitation and/or other utilization, including but not limited to reproduction (including photocopying or storing in any medium
by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication), and/or distribution, of this
document and its contents are strictly prohibited unless expressly authorized in writing by Larsen & Toubro Limited – PT&D, Middle
East. Offenders are liable for damages. All rights, including but not limited to all proprietary rights in relation to patents, utility models
and/or other industrial property rights, are reserved.
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1.6 GWac / 1.8 GWp Sudair PV IPP Project, KSA
SUDAIR-HSE-PR-021-00-Scaffolding Systems
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Contents
1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 4
2. Scope ................................................................................................................................................. 4
3. References ......................................................................................................................................... 4
4. Acronyms and definitions ................................................................................................................. 5
4.1 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 5
4.2 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 5
5. Roles and responsibilities .................................................................................................................. 5
5.1 Construction Manager ............................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Scaffolding Inspector .............................................................................................................. 6
5.3 Scaffolder................................................................................................................................ 6
5.4 HSSE Practitioner .................................................................................................................... 7
5.5 Scaffold user ........................................................................................................................... 7
6. Procedure .......................................................................................................................................... 7
6.1 Design considerations and specifications............................................................................... 7
6.2 Scaffolding erection ................................................................................................................ 9
6.3 Safe use of scaffolding systems ............................................................................................ 11
6.4 Scaffolding modification and dismantling ............................................................................ 12
6.5 Inspection and tagging ......................................................................................................... 12
6.6 Training and competence ..................................................................................................... 13
7. Records ............................................................................................................................................ 14
8. Associated documentation ............................................................................................................. 15
8.1 Forms .................................................................................................................................... 15
8.2 Procedures............................................................................................................................ 15
8.3 Plans ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Appendix A: Scaffolding terminology .................................................................................................. 16
Appendix B: Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 18
Appendix C: Special scaffolds requiring TPC ....................................................................................... 27
Appendix D: Load classes .................................................................................................................... 29
Appendix E: Typical weights ................................................................................................................ 31
Appendix F: Cancelation criteria ......................................................................................................... 33
Appendix G: Rakers and ties ............................................................................................................... 35
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1. Purpose
This document aims to ensure that all scaffolding systems are safely managed and maintained to
preserve the health and safety of all those that are required to use them during their work.
Furthermore, implementation and adherence to this procedure ensures that all undertakings
pertaining to the erection and use of scaffolding systems are in line with both current health and
safety legislation and other requirements.
2. Scope
The scope of this procedure the 1.6 GWac / 1.8 GWp Sudair PV IPP Project, in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.
It covers all scaffolding systems, regardless of whether said systems are erected, maintained and
dismantled by L&T employees or specialized scaffolding subcontractors.
3. References
This procedure is aligned with the third-party documents detailed below, which should be
consulted for further guidance.
 National Access Scaffolding Confederation. (2013). Operational Guide – A comprehensive

guide to good practice for tube and fitting scaffolding (TG20:13).
 BS EN 12811-1:2003. Temporary works equipment. Scaffolds. Performance requirements
and general design.
 BS EN 12810-1:2003. Facade scaffolds made of prefabricated components. Product
specifications.
 BS 2482:2009. Specification for timber scaffold boards.
 BS EN 74-1:2005. Couplers, spigot pins and baseplates for use in falsework and scaffolds.
Couplers for tubes. Requirements and test procedures.
 BS EN 39:2001. Loose steel tubes for tube and coupler scaffolds. Technical delivery
conditions.
 BS EN 365:2004. Personal protective equipment against falls from a height. General
requirements for instructions for use, maintenance, periodic examination, repair, marking
and packaging.
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 ISO 45001:2018. Occupational health and safety management systems -- Requirements

with guidance for use. Clause 8: Operation.
 ISO 45002-0:2018. Occupational health and safety management systems – Part 0: Guidelines
for the application of ISO 45001. Clause 8: Operation.
4. Acronyms and definitions

4.1 Acronyms
The acronyms used in this procedure shall have the meanings ascribed to them hereunder:
Acronym Meaning
BS British Standard
EN European Standard
HSSE Health, Safety, Security, and Environment(al)
ISO International Organization for Standardization
L&T Larsen & Toubro Limited
NASC National Access and Scaffolding Confederation
OHTL Overhead Transmission Line(s)
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
SBD Smallest Base Dimension
TPC Third-Party Certificate/Certification
4.2 Definitions
Terms and definitions have been included under Appendices A and B, respectively.
5. Roles and responsibilities

5.1 Construction Manager
The Construction Manager shall:
 make sure that all scaffolding components are readily available on site prior to scaffold
systems being erected, and that such components meet required specifications;
 ensure that all scaffold systems are erected and maintained as per the manufacturer’s
instructions;
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 arrange for the availability of third-party-certified Scaffolding Inspectors and Scaffolders,

sufficient in number, are available on site to oversee and carry out the erection,
maintenance, inspection, alteration and dismantlement of all scaffold systems;
 assign a member of the scaffolding team to carry out a daily visual inspection prior to the
use of any scaffolding systems;
 ensure that the Scaffolding Inspector carries out a thorough scaffold inspection at a
minimum every seven (7) days and that the results of such inspection are communicated to
the Site Execution Team.
5.2 Scaffolding Inspector

The Scaffolding Inspector shall be responsibility for overseeing the erection, maintenance,
alteration dismantling and periodic inspection of all scaffolding systems, including scaffold
towers. Furthermore, the Scaffolding Inspector shall:
 ensure that damaged or out of specification scaffolding materials are not used during the
erection of any scaffold system;
 obtain the Site Execution Team’s permission prior to undertaking any scaffold erection,
modification or dismantling activities;
 liaise with the HSSE Practitioner prior to undertaking any scaffold erection, modification or
dismantling activities;
 make sure that alterations are only carried out by third-party-certified scaffold erectors;
 visually inspect all scaffolding systems across the site at the beginning of each day;
 thoroughly inspect all scaffolding systems across the site at least every 7 days or more
frequently after any circumstances likely to compromise its stability;
 place erection and inspection tags (green) and sign the reverse side of such tags, confirming
that the scaffold systems have been inspected and are safe for use.
5.3 Scaffolder
The Scaffolder shall:
 erect, modify and dismantle scaffolds in accordance with local specifications and regulations
and as per the Scaffolding Inspector’s instruction;
 abide by all manufacturers’ recommendations;
 inspect all scaffold components prior to assembly to ensure that they are compatible and in
good condition;
 observe fall protection requirements while erecting, modifying or dismantling scaffolds;
 deliver scaffolds that are free of recognizable and preventable hazards (i.e. fall protection
systems in place, falling object prevention in place, appropriate access/egress to and from
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the scaffold, appropriate anchorage and stability of the structure, appropriate walking and
working surfaces, appropriate clearances from electrical hazards, etc.);
 notify the Scaffolding Inspector that the scaffold has been erected and is ready to be
inspected prior to use;
 contact and coordinate with the Scaffolding Inspector regarding any issues associated with
the erection of a scaffold;
 contact the HSSE Practitioner if there is a concern regarding the erection of the scaffold.
5.4 HSSE Practitioner

The HSSE Practitioner shall have the authority to cease any work on a scaffold if he believes that
the condition of the scaffold is unsafe, critical scaffold components are either missing or
damaged and regular inspections are not being carried out. In addition, the HSSE Practitioner
shall:
 monitor the implementation of this procedure across his site;

 assist the site execution team and, where necessary, the Scaffolding Inspector with resolving
any conflict between this procedure and the current condition of the scaffold.
5.5 Scaffold user

The scaffold user shall:
 examine the scaffold tag to verify that the Scaffolding Inspector has deemed the scaffold
safe for use;
 refuse to occupy a scaffold if it has not been inspected by the Scaffolding or if he contests
the Scaffolding Inspector’s findings;
 notify the Scaffolding Inspector of any safety concerns associated with the erection,
conditions, use and/or maintenance of the scaffold;
 utilize scaffolds in accordance with all local specifications and regulations;
 use the appropriate fall protection equipment/systems specified by the associated risk
assessment(s).
6. Procedure
6.1 Design considerations and specifications
6.1.1 All scaffolding systems shall be erected in line with the manufacturer’s instructions and
in accordance with a method statement and risk assessment, which shall be approved
by the Project Company.
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6.1.2 Special scaffolds detailed in Appendix C shall be necessarily designed by a competent

engineer. Said scaffolding systems shall be inspected and certified by an independent
third-party certification agency, prior to being put into use and immediately following
any substantial modification.
6.1.3 Regular scaffolds shall be erected in compliance with the load classes detailed in
Appendix D.
6.1.4 Scaffolding systems shall, where practicable, be fitted with collective fall protection
systems, such as guardrails, as shown in Figure 1. Guardrails shall consist of:
 top rail, located between 950 – 1150 mm from boarded lift;

 mid rail, located halfway between the top-rail and toe-board, which must reduce
any gap to a maximum opening of 470 mm;
 toe board no less than 150 mm high.
Figure 1. Typical guardrail system
6.1.5 Guardrails may be omitted:
 when the front end of all platforms are less than 350 mm (14 inches) from the face
of the work;
 when employees are plastering and lathing 450 mm (18 inches) or less from the
front edge.
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6.2 Scaffolding erection

6.2.1 The Construction Manager shall ensure the timely procurement of all scaffolding
materials, making sure that they are stored in such an area and in such a way that they
are free from potential damage. Only scaffold components manufactured specifically as
scaffolding equipment by a licensed scaffold equipment manufacturer shall be used on
site. Homemade scaffold components shall not be permitted for use in scaffolding
systems.
6.2.2 Prior to the commencement of any scaffold erection work, a member of the site
execution team, the HSSE Practitioner and the Lead Scaffolding Inspector shall visit the
intended erection location and shall make sure that the ground conditions are suitable
to support the scaffolding and that there is sufficient space for its safe erection.
6.2.3 During such visit, the staff shall also look for overhead transmission lines and, if any are
detected, shall ensure that the minimum clearances specified by the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) per the table below, or the utility operator,
whichever are more stringent, can be maintained:
Voltage Type of OHTL Minimum Clearance Distance

(m) (ft)
< 300 V Insulated 0.90 3
300 V – 50 kV Insulated 3.10 10
> 50 kV Insulated 3.10 plus 1 cm for each 10 feet plus 0.4 in for
1 kV over 50 kV each 1 kV over 50 kV
< 50 kV Uninsulated 3.10 10
> 50 kV Uninsulated 3.10 plus 1 cm for each 10 feet plus 0.4 in for
1 kV over 50 kV each 1 kV over 50 kV
Adapted from OSHA [Standard No. 1926.451(f)(6)]
6.2.4 If minimum clearances cannot be maintained and there is no alternative to erecting the
scaffolding system, the Project Director/Assistant Project Director shall notify the
Project company and., through them, the utility operator requesting that they de-
energize the power lines before any erection work is initiated.
6.2.5 Prior to starting any scaffolding erection works, the Scaffolding Inspector shall provide
all affected areas with barriers and warning signs to exclude all personnel that are not
specifically involved with the scaffolding erection activity.
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6.2.6 Once the scaffold erection commences, the Scaffolding Inspector shall attach a scafftag
holder at each access point of the scaffolding with the erection/inspection insert
removed so as to display the red DO NOT USE panel. As an added precaution, to make it
quite clear that the scaffold is not ready for use, the Scaffolding Inspector may, at his
discretion, wrap danger barrier tape around the bottom section of the scaffold.
6.2.7 During erection of the scaffolding system, all scaffolders shall wear, in addition to
general purpose PPE, the personal fall protection equipment specified by the associated
risk assessment(s). All personal fall protection equipment shall conform to the standards
set out in Appendix A of procedure SUDAIR-HSE-PR-012-xx-PPE Management. Personal
fall protection equipment shall be inspected prior to each use by the user and monthly
by a competent person designated by the Project HSSE Manager, who shall use form
SUDAIR-HSE-FO-033-xx-Inspection – Full Body Harness to that effect.
6.2.8 Inter-mixing of different prefab scaffold systems in the same scaffold system shall be
strictly prohibited. However, tube and coupler components may be used as bracings and
rakers.
6.2.9 In the event of free-standing towers, maximum height shall be determined by smallest
base dimension (SBD). Ratio of height to SBD is shown in the table below, however
outriggers may be employed to extend the minimum base width, so that the tower can
be built taller.
Internal Towers External Towers

Static Mobile Static Mobile
4:1 3.5:1 3.5:1 3:1
6.2.10 On completion of the scaffold erection works, the red DO NOT USE scafftag shall remain
at each access point, until the Scaffolding Inspector has carried out a thorough
inspection, using form SUDAIR-HSE-FO-038-xx-Inspection – Scaffolding Systems.
6.2.11 If the Scaffolding Inspector approves the scaffolding system, he shall fill out the
erection/Inspection tag and insert it in the scafftag holder, confirming that the
scaffolding system is safe to use. The Scaffolding Inspector may then allow site
operatives to work from the scaffolding system.
6.2.12 If the Scaffolding Inspector identifies any defects, the scaffolding system shall not be
cleared for use and the red DO NOT USE tag shall remain at each access point to the
scaffold system, until all non-compliances have been satisfactorily addressed. Any
person(s) observed using a scaffold system where a red DO NOT USE tag is being
displayed will be subjected to disciplinary procedures.
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6.2.13 In the event of special scaffolds, as detailed under par. 6.1.2, a certificate of thorough
examination, issued by a third party, shall be required after erection and prior to
clearing the scaffolding system for use.
6.2.14 If electrical cables will be running on metallic scaffolding components, in which case the
scaffold could become energized in the event of a failure of insulation, the scaffold shall
be effectively earthed at all times, as required by SUDAIR-HSE-PR-030-xx-Temporary
Electrical Installations.
6.3 Safe use of scaffolding systems

6.3.1 Prior to getting on a scaffold, users shall check the scafftag to ensure that the
Scaffolding Inspector has inspected the scaffold within the past seven (7) days and that
it is safe to use. If the scaffold has not been inspected within the past seven (7) days, the
user shall refrain from climbing into the scaffold and shall immediately inform his
supervisor, the Scaffolding Inspector and/or the HSSE Practitioner.
6.3.2 If personal fall arrest equipment are required for use on the scaffold, users shall
thoroughly inspect said equipment for damage and wear.
6.3.3 Users shall be prohibited from ascending or descending from any portion of the scaffold
frame that is not intended for climbing. They shall be required to always use the access
means provided to reach the working platform, e.g. fixed ladder, internal access
stairway or built-in ladder.
6.3.4 Whilst climbing on or off the scaffold, users shall not hold any materials or tools in their
hands. Materials and tools shall be hoisted separately.
6.3.5 While on the scaffold, users shall be mindful of coworkers working above and below
them at all times, as well as others working on the scaffold. If they witness improper use
on or around a scaffold, they shall immediately stop what they are doing and notify their
supervisor.
6.3.6 Users shall never overload the scaffold. Through proper training, users shall be informed
of the maximum intended load that the scaffold can carry, as set out in Appendix D, as
well as typical weights of people and materials, as set out in Appendix E.
6.3.7 Users shall not be allowed to employ boxes or ladders to increase their work height. If
an area cannot be reached, users shall inform their supervisors, who shall coordinate
with the Scaffolding Inspector to raise the scaffold platform as required.
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6.3.8 In the event of mobile towers, the following additional requirements shall apply for
moving:
 the ratio of height to SBD shall not exceed 2:1;

 users shall check to ensure that there are no power lines in the way or any
obstructions, e.g. holes or materials on the ground;
 users shall descend and materials shall be removed from the scaffold;
 consideration shall be given to the possibility of the scaffold running away,
when being moved down or across slopes.
6.3.9 At the end of each shift, users shall remove everything from the scaffold, including any
building materials or tools, as these items could potentially be blown off the scaffold or
cause tripping hazards for the next person using the scaffold.
6.4 Scaffolding modification and dismantling

6.4.1 Prior to the commencement of any scaffolding modification or dismantling works, the
Scaffolding Inspector shall barricade and signpost the area, described under par. 6.2.5,
and shall attach a scafftag holder with a red DO NOT USE tag at each access point to the
scaffold.
6.4.2 Said tag shall remain in place until modification or dismantling works have been
completed. Throughout said modification or dismantling works, all scaffolders shall
wear, in addition to general purpose PPE, personal fall protection equipment as
described under par. 6.2.7.
6.4.3 On completion of any modification works, the Scaffolding Inspector shall re-inspect the
scaffolding system as described under paras. 6.2.10 to 6.2.12.
6.4.4 Scaffolding systems requiring certification prior to first use shall be re-inspected and
re-certified by an independent third-party certification agency following any
modification and prior to being put into use again.
6.5 Inspection and tagging

6.5.1 At the beginning of each shift, the Scaffolding Inspector shall carry out a visual
inspection of all scaffolding systems in use across the site to ensure that they are still
safe for use and have not been tampered with by unauthorized persons. If any defects
are found, the Scaffolding Inspector shall display the red tag at each access point to the
scaffold until required repairs have been made, whereupon he shall replace the green
inspection tag, clearing the scaffold for use.
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6.5.2 Every seven (7) days, the Scaffolding Inspector shall conduct a thorough inspection of
every scaffolding system using form SUDAIR-HSE-FO-038-xx-Inspection - Scaffolding
Systems and shall sign and date the reverse side of the inspection tag, indicating that
the inspection has been carried out and that the scaffolding system is still safe to use. If
any defects are identified, the Scaffolding Inspector shall red-tag the scaffold and
oversee that needed repairs are promptly carried out prior to dating, signing and
replacing the green inspection tag in the scafftag holder.
6.5.3 The Scaffolding Inspector shall also carry out ad hoc inspections if scaffolding systems
are exposed to conditions likely to cause their deterioration, e.g. following adverse
weather, collision of site vehicle(s) with scaffolding components, etc.
6.5.4 While the main responsibility for the inspection of scaffolding rests with the Scaffolding
Inspector, the HSSE Practitioner shall carry out a basic inspection of all scaffolding
during his site walk about. If any defects to the scaffolding structure are found, he will
instruct the site execution team to immediately suspend the use of the scaffold and
request that the Scaffolding Inspector make the necessary repairs directly, during which
time the green inspection tag shall be removed from the scafftag holder. After repairs
have been carried out and the scaffolding system has been deemed fit for use, the
inspection tag may be re-displayed with the approval of the HSSE Practitioner.
6.5.5 If the defects meet the cancellation criteria listed in Appendix F, the Project HSSE
Manager shall be immediately informed and shall ensure that the scaffold is dismantled
and re-assembled per the requirements of par. 6.2.
6.5.6 Due to the nature of some works there may be circumstances where guardrail
components will need to be removed or working platforms will need to be only partially
boarded. In such cases, site staff will be prevented from working directly below the
working platform by placing barricades, danger barrier tape and signage, or similar, to
create an exclusion zone.
6.5.7 In addition, all all personnel working on the scaffold shall be required to wear personal
protection equipment. To that end, the Scaffolding Inspector shall post at all access
points to the scaffold suitable FALL PROTECTION REQUIRED signage and, where
available, a yellow tag in the scafftag holder, indicating that the scaffold should be used
with caution and with the use of personal fall protection equipment.
6.6 Training and competence

6.6.1 The Construction Manager, in collaboration with the Project HSSE Manager, shall ensure
that all employees using scaffolds, including subcontractor employees, are, at a
minimum, trained on the following topics:
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 scaffold load capacities;

 tagging system;
 material handling;
 method(s) of access to elevated work areas;
 inspection and use of fall protection systems and equipment;
 selection of appropriate anchor points;
 method(s) for securing lifelines and lanyards;
 safe ascending/descending practices (100% tie-off);
 protection from falling objects;
 maintenance and storage of fall protection equipment;
 rescue at height procedures.
6.6.2 The Construction Manager, in consultation with the Project HSSE Manager, shall
appoint, at a minimum, one (1) third-party-certified Scaffolding Inspector, who shall be
responsible for overseeing the erection, modification, dismantling, evaluation and
inspection of all scaffolding systems.
6.6.3 The Construction Manager, in consultation with the Project HSSE Manager, shall also
appoint an adequate number of third-party-certified Scaffolders, who shall be
responsible for the erection, modification and dismantling of all scaffolding systems
under the Scaffolding Inspector’s oversight.
6.6.4 If required, the Scaffolding Inspector’s and Scaffolders’ qualifications and training
records, which support/validate their appointment, shall be submitted to the Project
Company for review and approval prior to the commencement of any scaffolding work.
7. Records
7.1 Following records shall be maintained onsite and made available on request:
 scaffolding inspection records;

 full body harness inspection records;
 signed scafftags;
 training records;
 third-party certificates for Scaffolders and Scaffolding Inspectors.
7.2 All records specified above shall be maintained and updated by the Project HSSE Manager.
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7.3 Said records shall be retained for a minimum period of three (3) years or until the close of
the project, whichever comes first.
7.4 Personnel specified under par. 7.2 shall produce said records, when and as requested by
the Client, Consultant and/or authorities.
8. Associated documentation
8.1 Forms
 SUDAIR-HSE-FO-033-xx-Inspection – Full Body Harness
 SUDAIR-HSE-FO-038-xx-Inspection – Scaffolding Systems
8.2 Procedures
 SUDAIR-HSE-PR-012-xx-PPE Management
 SUDAIR-HSE-PR-030-xx-Temporary Electrical Installations
8.3 Plans
 SUDAIR-HSE-PL-001-xx-Health, Safety and Security Management Plan, par. 13.4.
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Appendix A: Scaffolding terminology
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Figure A1. Scaffolding terminology
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Appendix B: Definitions
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Anchorage: The safe use of a suspended scaffold platforms or toe-boards. Boards which are split,
begins with secure anchorage. The weight of the cracked, decayed or warped shall not be used,
scaffold and its occupants must be supported by but the parts affected may be cut off to produce
both the structure to which it is attached and by shorter planks with the ends banded or bolted
each of the scaffold components that make up through. Planks should be stacked on a suitable
the anchorage system. foundation. Where the height of a stack exceeds
20 planks, measures should be taken to tie or
Base Plate: A metal base (with a central spigot) bond succeeding layers. Planks should not be
for distributing the load from a standard. Base stood on end unattended. The amount by which
plates should be placed on the centre of sole any scaffold board should overhang any putlog
boards. Base plates should be 150 mm x 150 mm or transom must be no less than 50 mm and no
steel plate, 5 mm thick providing a flat bearing more than 150 mm. All scaffold boards used
surface for load distribution from posts. The must comply with BS 2482:2009.
height of the shank must be at least 50 mm.
Adjustable base plates incorporate screw jacks Board Bearer or Intermediate Transom: A tube
to allow the scaffold to be easily levelled. spanning across ledgers at mid span, to support
a working platform.
Brace: A tube incorporated diagonally across

two or more members in a scaffold and secured
to them in order to ensure stability.
Buttress: A well braced tubular structure

erected against existing scaffolding for the
purpose of strengthening it.
Castor: A swivelling wheel with a lock device

secured to the base of a standard for the
purpose of making a scaffold mobile.
Base Lift: The first lift after the kicker lift, with a
Column or Box Tie: A tie assembly that is
maximum height of 2.7 m from the ground for
positively fixed around every side of a column or
independent scaffolds.
beam. This tie offers rigidity from inward and
outward movement, due to the series of parallel
Bay Length: The horizontal distance between
tubes interlocking all elevations of the column or
any two longitudinally adjacent standards in an
beam.
independent scaffold or a single-pole scaffold,
or the horizontal distance between any two
longitudinally adjacent support points on the
cradle of a suspended scaffold.
Board: A softwood plank used with similar

planks to provide access platforms, working
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Girder Coupler or Beam Coupler: A coupler used

for connecting tubes directly to the flanges of
steel beams. Generally used in pairs.
Competent Person: One who is capable of

identifying existing and predictable hazards in
the surroundings or working conditions which
are hazardous or dangerous to employees, and
who has authorization to take prompt corrective
measures to eliminate them. The competent Gridlock: A coupler designed for joining beam
person will have completed scaffolding and tube.
inspector training.
Guardrail: A system of tubes secured onto the
Coupler: A fitting used to fix scaffold tubes scaffold to prevent the fall of a person.
together. Couplers are divided into load bearing
or non-load bearing. Kicker Lift or Base Lift: An optional lift at the
base of the scaffold, which gives it stability. It is
End Bands: Metal bands fitted to the ends of a erected between 150 mm and 450 mm from the
softwood board to prevent splitting. ground.
Façade Brace or Sway Brace: A brace parallel to Ladder Access: A structure consisting of a series
the face of a building, connected to standards or of rungs between two upright lengths of metal
(stiles), used for climbing up or down a scaffold,
structural transoms, using swivel or right-angle
couplers. Said braces are fitted on every sixth which meets the following minimum standards:
bay to the full height of the structure.
 Ladder access towers, fixed to the outside
Full Body Harness: A body support device of the scaffold, should be erected, where
consisting of connected straps designed to practicable
distribute the force resulting from a fall over at  The top of ladder stiles should be securely
least the thighs, shoulders and pelvis, with fixed to the scaffold by ladder clamps
provision for attaching a lanyard, lifeline or  The ladder should be set, where
other components. practicable, at an angle of 75o, i.e. 4 vertical
to 1 horizontal
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 Each stile should be equally supported on a Ledger: A horizontal tube secured to the
firm and level footing standards, with load bearing fittings. It prevents
 The ladder should extend 1 m or 5 rungs standards from bowing and acts as a support for
above the landing point or some other transoms, board bearers and ledger to ledger
adequate handhold should be provided diagonal bracing.
 Ladder clamps must be used to secure the
ladder to scaffold tubes Ledger Brace: A brace at right angles to the
 The maximum vertical distance between building, connected to standards or ledgers
landings should be 9 m using load bearing couplers. Said braces are
fitted at each end of the scaffold and alternate
standards to the full height of the structure.
Lifeline: A synthetic or wire rope, rigged from

one or more anchors, to which a worker's
lanyard or other part of a personal fall
protection system is attached, allowing the
worker to move along the whole length of the
rope without needing to disconnect.
Lift: The assembly of ledgers, transoms and

board bearers forming each horizontal level of a
scaffold.
Lip Tie: An L-shaped arrangement of tubes and

right-angle couplers, which hook behind a
convenient part of a building of adequate
Ladder Clamp: A clasp used to fix a ladder to strength.
scaffold tubes.
Lanyard: A flexible line of webbing, or synthetic

or wire rope, that is used to secure a safety belt
or full body harness to a lifeline, static line or
fixed anchor point.
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Mid Rail: An intermediate railing on the inner Platform Board Clip: A fastener used to fix
side of the posts midway between the top railing platform boards to transoms. One clip holds two
and the toe board. boards.
Node Point: Common point where ledgers,

standards and transoms are fixed.
Needle Transom: A transom extended from a

scaffold.
Plan Brace: A diagonal brace in the horizontal

plane, along the length of the scaffold, linking
diagonally opposite standards. Should be used
when ledger bracing is removed to allow better
access to the working platform.
Qualified person: One who, by possession of a
recognized degree, certificate or professional
standing, or who by extensive knowledge,
Plan brace
training, and experience, has successfully
demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve
problems related to the subject matter, the
work, or the project. In this context, the
qualified is one who person has the capability
and responsibility of designing and loading
scaffolds in accordance with the design, when
required.
Raker or Outrigger: Tube attached to a scaffold

Putlog Coupler: A non-load bearing coupler, to increase its base width, helping to stabilize it.
used for fixing two tubes at right angles. It is Rakers should be unjointed, no more than 6 m in
used mainly for fixing bearing transoms to length and be coupled to the scaffold at 6 m
ledgers and is commonly referred to as a “single intervals, at an angle of not more than 2 vertical
coupler”. to 1 horizontal. Plan bracing is required to
provide tying to adjacent system standards
between the rakers. Rakers may be used in place
of ties at the first and second lifts. If the scaffold
exceeds 6 m, the remaining lifts must be tied
using other types of ties.
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transoms on un-boarded lifts or bracings and is

commonly referred to a “double coupler”.
Safety Belt: A belt worn by a person as a means

Reveal Tie: A tie, reliant on pressure and friction, of fall protection.
by way of expansion of a reveal pin, screw jack
or adjustable prop, into the internal side Safety Harness: A form of protective
surfaces of an opening, recess or cavity of the equipment, designed to protect a person, or
supporting structure. They usually do not object from injury or damage. The harness is an
require permanent fixing anchors to the support attachment between a stationary and non-
structure to achieve rigidity and can be removed stationary object and is usually fabricated from
without leaving any anchor bolts or abrasion to rope, cable or webbing and locking hardware.
the exterior. Reveal ties should not make up
more than 50% of total ties for a scaffold. Scaffolder: A worker, trained and certified by a
Regular inspections are required as reveal ties third party as being competent to erect, alter,
can loosen during service. modify and dismantle scaffolds.
Scaffolding: Any structure or framework used or

intended to be used to support workmen
engaged in and equipment and material used in
erecting, demolishing, altering, repairing,
cleaning, painting or carrying out any other kind
of work in connection with any building,
structure and includes any swing stage, ladder,
access way, guard rail, toe board and any other
safeguard or any part thereof used or intended
to be used for or in connection with scaffolding.
Right Angle Coupler: A load bearing fitting for Scafftag: A tag strategically displayed, normally
connecting two tubes at right angles. It is used at all access point to every scaffold, which
to fix standards and ledgers or standards and indicates that the scaffold has been inspected
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within the previous seven (7) days and is safe to 760 mm x 225 mm x 35 mm on soft ground.
use. Previously used sole boards should never be
used as scaffold boards, they should be marked
so that they are readily distinguishable, and e.g.
the ends should be cut at an angle.
Shock Absorbing Lanyard: A lanyard, containing

a shock-absorbing inner core that elongates
when subjected to a fall, thereby reducing the
force. After a fall occurs, shock absorbing
lanyards release a warning flag to indicate that a
replacement is needed. They should meet all
Spigot or Joint Pin: A coupler used to connect
applicable OSHA and ANSI requirements.
two standard tubes together end to end.
Consists of a peg that is placed inside the tube
Sleeve Coupler: A load bearing fitting, which
ends and expands to form a joint. Has no slip
clamps two scaffold tubes and is used to join one
resistance.
tube to another, end to end.
Sole Board: A timber (normally a short scaffold

board), used to spread the load from the base
plate over an extended area. The sole board Splice: A short tube fixed with swivel couplers
dimensions under any one standard should be over a joint (splicing), with a view to positively
450 mm x 225 mm x 35 mm on hard ground and securing the joint.
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Standard: Upright member that transmits the

vertical loads of the scaffold to the foundations.
The spacing of scaffolding standards determines
the load class and should follow the
recommendations in the manufacturer’s
erection instructions.
Staggering: The erection of standards and

ledgers so that only one standard in a pair
finishes in any one vertical lift and only ledger in Tie: A member or assembly of members used to
a pair finishes in any one horizontal bay. fix a scaffold to a supporting structure (also see
Box Tie, Lip Tie and Reveal Tie).
Toe Board: A plank positioned along the edge of
a platform to prevent tools and materials from
falling off the platform. Toe boards and end toe
boards should be fixed to all working platforms.
They should have a height of at least 150 mm
above the working platform and be securely
fixed to the standards.
Stop End: A guard-rail placed across the end of a

scaffold or used to isolate un-boarded parts.
Swivel Coupler: A load bearing coupler, used for

connecting tubes together at any angle. It is
commonly used to fix bracings.
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Toe Board Clip: Used to fix a toe-board to a Working at Height: A place is ‘at height’ if a
scaffold tube. person could be injured falling from it, even if it
is at or below ground level.
Working Platform: The boarded-out deck from

which work is carried out. The working platform
should be wide enough and be sufficiently
boarded out to allow safe passage of persons
along the platform. They should also be capable
of resisting the loads imposed upon them,
including high wind loads that could dislodge the
scaffold boards. A clear passageway, at least
Transom: Horizontal members, normally in the 430 mm wide, should be maintained for persons
direction of the smaller dimensions of the to pass between stored materials and the side of
working scaffold, which support the working the platform.
platform. Intermediate transoms may be
required to support the scaffold platform
between main transoms. The lowest transom
should be installed as close as possible to the
bottom of the standards, otherwise the load-
carrying capacity of the scaffold will be
significantly reduced. The transoms of many
scaffolds are constructed to provide a secure
support for standard-length boards.
Transverse: Bracing at right angles to the long

side of the scaffold, so the X is in the interior
scaffold space, between parallel uprights.
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Appendix C: Special scaffolds requiring TPC
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1. Scaffolds over 50 m high

2. Sheeted scaffolds
3. Birdcage scaffolds
4. Cantilevered scaffolds
5. Truss-out scaffolds
6. Access birdcages
7. Façade retention
8. Access scaffolds with more than the 2 working lifts
9. Buttressed free-standing scaffolds
10. Temporary roofs and temporary buildings
11. Support scaffolds
12. Loading bays founded on the ground
13. Mobile and static towers outside base/height limitations
14. Free standing scaffolds outside base/height limitations
15. Temporary ramps and elevated roadways
16. Staircases and fire escapes
17. Bridge scaffolds
18. Towers requiring guys or ground anchors
19. Pedestrian footbridges or walkways
20. Slung and suspended scaffolds
21. Power line crossings
22. Lifting gantries and towers
23. System scaffolds outside Appendix C parameters
24. Sign board supports
25. Sealing end structures
26. Temporary storage on site
27. Masts, lighting towers and transmission towers
28. Any scaffold structure subject to:
 Vibration;
 high loading
 long term duration (more than 6 months);
 high risk areas;
 loading from passenger/goods hoists.
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Appendix D: Load classes
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Independent Load Classes

Load Type of Distributed load Maximum number Max Max spacing No. of
Class work on platform of loaded platforms bay of board boards and
length transom inside
boards
1 Very light 0.75 kN/m2 One full and one at 2.7 m 1.2 m 3-4 boards;
duty 50% (0.375 kN/m2) no inside
boards
2 Light duty 1.50 kN/m2 One full and one at 2.4 m 1.2 m 4 boards;
50% (0.75 kN/m2) no inside
boards
3 General 2.00 kN/m2 One full and one at 2.0 m 1.2 m 5 boards; 2
purpose 50% (1.00 kN/m2) inside
boards
4 Heavy 3.00 kN/m2 One full and one at 1.8 m 0.9 m 8 boards;
duty 50% (1.50 kN/m2) inside
boards (as
per design)
Tower Load Classes

Load Class Maximum Maximum base Maximum height Maximum height
loading dimensions for interior tower for exterior tower
(4 x SBD) (3 x SBD)
1 0.75 kN/m2 2.7 m x 2.7 m 10.8 m 8.0 m
2 1.50 kN/m2 2.1 m x 2.1 m 8.4 m 6.3 m
3 2.00 kN/m2 1.8 m x1.8 m 7.2 m 5.4 m
Lift Shaft 0.75 kN/m2 2.7 m x 2.7 m 34 m N/A
Birdcage Load Classes

Load Class Type of work Maximum Maximum base Maximum
loading dimensions transom spacing
1 Very light duty 0.75 kN/m2 2.1 m x 2.1 m 1.2 m
2 Light duty 1.50 kN/m2 1.9 m x 1.9 m 0.9 m
3 General purpose 2.00 kN/m2 1.7 m x 1.7 m 0.9 m
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Appendix E: Typical weights
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MATERIAL APPROXIMATE WEIGHT

Bricks 4 kg per brick
Cement 40 kg per bag
Concrete block 400 x 200 x 200 mm hollow 19 kg per block
Concrete block 400 x 200 x 100 mm solid 16 kg per block
Concrete ready mixed wet 2550 kg per cubic meter
Concrete in wheelbarrow 140 kg
Drums empty 200 liter 13 kg
Marble 2700 kg per cubic meter
Paint five liters 10 kg
Persons single 100 kg
Persons plus wheelbarrow with concrete 220 kg
Plaster bag 38 kg
Plywood 17 mm 10 kg per square meter
Sand 2000 kg per cubic meter
Shale 2600 kg per cubic meter
Steel rods 6.5 mm diameter 25 kg per 100 m
Steel rods 10 mm diameter 67 kg per 100 m
Tiles terra cotta 3.5 kg per tile
Tiles concrete 3.75 kg per tile
Timber hardwoods 1100 kg per cubic meter
Timber softwoods 640 kg per cubic meter
Water (excluding container) 1 kg per liter
Right angle coupler 1 kg
Single coupler 0.6 kg
Joiner 0.8 kg
Swivel coupler 1.2 kg
3 m laminated timber plank 18 kg
48.3 mm galvanized scaffold tube 4.4 kg per meter
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Appendix F: Cancelation criteria
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 Scaffolds being erected by non-competent personnel.

 Scaffolders not being informed of the purpose for which the scaffold is required.
 Use of damaged or out of specification scaffolding materials being used.
 Work commencing without required permits.
 Work commencing without liaison with the Scaffolding Inspector, in regard to purpose and loading,
etc., of the scaffold.
 Ground having insufficient bearing capacity to support scaffold standard when loaded.
 Insufficient base and sole plates provided.
 Sole plates of an insufficient size or unsuitable material (e.g. plywood).
 Standards placed too wide apart and/or not vertical.
 Ledgers placed too wide apart and/or not horizontal.
 Insufficient bracing.
 Bracing connections not made with load bearing couplers.
 Scaffold unstable.
 Poorly tied-in scaffold.
 Fittings over-tightened so that threads are strained.
 Connections not made with right angle couplers or swivel couplers, as applicable.
 Scaffold boards having excessive overhang.
 Uneven working platform.
 Working platform too narrow for the purpose required.
 Guard rails fixed at wrong height or not fixed at all.
 Toe boards not fixed.
 Inadequate provision made to prevent stacked materials from falling off the scaffold.
 Ladders with broken or damaged rungs, or metal ladders with distorted parts.
 Ladders too short to provide a safe hand-hold when stepping to or from the top of the ladder.
 Top of ladder insufficiently fixed to prevent sideways movement.
 Ladder not placed on firm base and foot of ladder not fixed to prevent slipping.
 Scaffold boards on rungs.
 Wooden ladders painted.
 Other building workers allowed on to scaffold during erection.
 Personnel being allowed to use scaffolds, whilst being dismantled.
 Tubes, fittings and boards being dropped to the ground.
 Ladders not checked for damage.
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Appendix G: Rakers and ties
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Figure G1. Typical raker
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Figure G2. Raker footing details
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Figure G3. Lip tie
Ties through
structure
openings such as
windows. Gaps
between tubes
and structure
surfaces are
packed or
wedged with
timber sections
to ensure a solid
fit.
Figure G4. Through tie
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Figure G5. Screw tie
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Figure G6. Through tie
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SUDAIR-M-HS-LTSA-PC-0081 - (SUD-HSE-PR-021) Scaffolding Systems

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Received Sat 12/06/2021 05:10 +0300 (Local send time: Sat 12/06/2021 07:40 +0500)

Subject Re: SUDAIR-M-HS-LTSA-PC-0081 Scaffolding Systems- Approved

Sender ACWA Krishnan, Dibu Maimbilly

To ACWA AlKhoshi, Yahya

Carbon copy ACWA Almadhi, Yazeed

Pls note that Procedure peratiaing to scaffolding system is approved.

1.6 GWac / 1.8 GWp Sudair

00 09.06.2021 First issue IFA

Document reviews and approvals

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by:

Rajeev Ramakrishnan Anthony Papadopoulos Bharathi Kumar

Date: Date: Date:

 National Access Scaffolding Confederation. (2013). Operational Guide – A comprehensive

 ISO 45001:2018. Occupational health and safety management systems -- Requirements

4. Acronyms and definitions

5. Roles and responsibilities

 arrange for the availability of third-party-certified Scaffolding Inspectors and Scaffolders,

5.2 Scaffolding Inspector

5.4 HSSE Practitioner

 monitor the implementation of this procedure across his site;

5.5 Scaffold user

6.1.2 Special scaffolds detailed in Appendix C shall be necessarily designed by a competent

 top rail, located between 950 – 1150 mm from boarded lift;

Figure 1. Typical guardrail system

6.1.5 Guardrails may be omitted:

6.2 Scaffolding erection

Voltage Type of OHTL Minimum Clearance Distance

Internal Towers External Towers

6.3 Safe use of scaffolding systems

 the ratio of height to SBD shall not exceed 2:1;

6.4 Scaffolding modification and dismantling

6.5 Inspection and tagging

6.6 Training and competence

 scaffold load capacities;

 scaffolding inspection records;

Appendix A: Scaffolding terminology

Figure A1. Scaffolding terminology

Brace: A tube incorporated diagonally across

Buttress: A well braced tubular structure

Castor: A swivelling wheel with a lock device

Board: A softwood plank used with similar

Girder Coupler or Beam Coupler: A coupler used

Competent Person: One who is capable of

Lifeline: A synthetic or wire rope, rigged from

Lift: The assembly of ledgers, transoms and

Lip Tie: An L-shaped arrangement of tubes and

Lanyard: A flexible line of webbing, or synthetic

Node Point: Common point where ledgers,

Needle Transom: A transom extended from a

Plan Brace: A diagonal brace in the horizontal

Raker or Outrigger: Tube attached to a scaffold

transoms on un-boarded lifts or bracings and is

Safety Belt: A belt worn by a person as a means

Scaffolding: Any structure or framework used or

Shock Absorbing Lanyard: A lanyard, containing

Sole Board: A timber (normally a short scaffold

Standard: Upright member that transmits the

Staggering: The erection of standards and

Stop End: A guard-rail placed across the end of a

Swivel Coupler: A load bearing coupler, used for

Working Platform: The boarded-out deck from

Transverse: Bracing at right angles to the long