Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ.

of Technology, Gorakhpur

JET ENGINE
ARUNESH KUMAR (2020051054)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology Gorakhpur (UP State Govt.
University)

Email: 2020051054@mmmut.ac.in

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CONTENT

 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY OF JET ENGINE
 PARTS OF JET ENGINE
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 TYPES OF JET ENGINE
 JET ENGINE VS ROCKETS
 MERIT AND DEMERIT
 USES OF JET ENGINE
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION

 A Jet Engine is a machine that converts energy reach liquid fuel into a
powerful pushing force called thrust. The thrust from one or more engines
pushes a plane forward , forcing air past its scientifically shaped wings to
create an upward force called lift that powers it into the sky.
 It works under the principle of Newton’s third law .
 It states that “For every acting force there is an equal and opposite force”.
 Gas turbine operates like toy balloon

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History of Jet Engine

• The first jet engine was
built by Egyptian
scientist during 100 BC.
• These device was
known as Aeolipile .
• Dr.Hans Von ohain and
sir Frank Whittle were
Dr.Hans Von ohain the main developers.

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Parts of Jet Engine

• Fan
• Compressor
• Combustor
• Turbine
• Mixer
• Nozzle
Image credit : Wikipedia.com
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How a Jet Engine works

Combustion
Air intake • It increase the temperature of the air
• Sucked in by the compressor -fuel mixture by releasing heat
energy from the fuel.
Compressor Exhaust
• Series of vanes and stators. • It increase the velocity of the exhaust
• The vanes rotate , while the stator remains stationary. gases thereby powering the vehicle.
• Compressor speed and temperature increases gradually.
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Types of Jet Engine

• Ramjet
• Scramjet
• Turbojet
• Turbofan
• Turboprop
• Turboshaft
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Ramjet
• It has no moving parts .
• Its compression ratio depend upon forward
speed.
• It has no static thrust guided missile system ,
space vehicles use this type of jet.
• High speed forward motion is used to compress
the air (no compressor). Fuel is injected into the
combustion chamber where it mixes with the hot
compressed air and ignites . The average speed of
Ramjet is 3-6 Mach. But the Ramjet efficiency
Image credit : Wikipedia.com
starts to drop when the vehicle reaches
hypersonic speeds.
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Scramjet
Here also the high speed forward
motion is used to compress the air
no compressor but it is an
improvement over the Ramjet
Engine as it efficiently operates at
hypersonic speeds and allows
supersonic combustion. Speed is
greater than 6 Mach (six times the
speed of sound).
Image credit : Wikipedia.com
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Turbojet
• The turbo engine is a reaction engine .
• Substantial increases in thrust can be obtained by
employing an afterburner.

Image credit : aerospaceweb.org

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Turbofan • The objective of the sort of

bypass system is to increase
thrust without increasing fuel
consumption.
• It achieves this by increasing
the total air-mass flow and
reducing the velocity within the
same total energy supply.

Image credit : aerospaceweb.org

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Turboshaft
• It doesn’t have a propeller.
• It provide power for a
helicopter rotor.
• It permits the rotor speed
to be kept constant even
when the speed of of the
generator is veried.
Image credit : Wikipedia.com

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Jet Engines Vs Rockets

Jet Engine Rockets
• Oxygen from atmosphere for • Carry their own for combustion.
combustion. • Work in vacuum and
• Work only in atmosphere. atmosphere.
• Liquid fuel. • Liquid and solid fuel.
• Complex structure. • Simple structure.
• High efficiency. • Low efficiency.

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Suggestion for improvement

• Employ active cooling .
• Designing better materials and alloys which retain
strength at high temperature .
• Smart structures – structure and material which changes
their shapes and properties in flight .
• Design engines which switch from scramjet to ramjet.

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Merits and Demerits

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Jet Engine uses

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Conclusion
• Normal type of jet engine is used for domestic purpose
i.e. Traveling, carrying goods etc.
• Ram type of jet engines is used only in Defence sector.
Because it travels at supersonic speed and generally
high level of training is required.
• Since it travels at such a high speed it cannot be used
for traveling.
• That is why turbo-jet engines are very common in use.

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References
1. Ekici, S., Sohret, Y., Coban, K., Altuntas, O., & Karakoc, T. H. (2016). Performance Evaluation of an Experimental
Turbojet Engine. International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines, 0(0). doi:10.1515/tjj-2016-0016
2. Liu, F., & Sirignano, W. A. (2001). Turbojet and Turbofan Engine Performance Increases Through Turbine Burners.
Journal of Propulsion and Power, 17(3), 695–705. doi:10.2514/2.5797
3. Benini, E., & Giacometti, S. (2007). Design, manufacturing and operation of a small turbojet-engine for research
purposes. Applied Energy, 84(11), 1102–1116. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.05.006
4. Taguchi, H., Kobayashi, H., Kojima, T., Ueno, A., Imamura, S., Hongoh, M., & Harada, K. (2012). Research on
hypersonic aircraft using pre-cooled turbojet engines. Acta Astronautica, 73, 164–
172. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.10.006

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THANK YOU