Madan Mohan Malaviya Univ.

of Technology, Gorakhpur

HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

AKASH KUMAR GAUTAM
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Madan Mohan Malviya University of
Technology Gorakhpur (UP State Govt. University)

Email: 2020051016@mmmut.ac.in

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CONTENTS
➢ What is HEV…?
➢ History
➢ Types of Hybridization
➢ Types of HEV
➢ Parts of HEV vehicle
➢ Advantages of HEV
➢ Disadvantages of HEV
➢ Future scope

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What is HEV…?
➢ A hybrid car is any car that uses both electricity and fuel injections in order
to run
➢ Conventional vehicle + Battery electric = Hybrid Electric car

Image Source Google Images

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History of HEV
➢ 1830’s
• Battery electric vehicle invented by Thomas Davenport, Robert
Anderson and others – using non rechargeable batteries
➢ 1890’s
• EV’s outsold gas car 10 to 1, Oldsmobile and Studebaker started
As EV companies
➢ 1904’s
• Ferdinand Porsche founder of the sports car by the same name
creates the Lohner-porsche mixte --- the world’s first hybrid Electric car
➢ 1997’s
• Mass-produced hybrid vehicle was the Toyota Prius launched in Japan

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Types of Hybridization

1. MILD/Micro hybridization
• They are future idle-stop function
• Regenerative braking
• Are not capable of using the electric motor
to propel the vehicle
• These systems are usually 42 volts or less

Image Source Google Images

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Types of Hybridization

2. Medium Hybridization
➢ They feature idle-stop function
➢ Regenerative braking
➢ Most are not capable of using the electric motor
Along to propel the vehicle
➢ The electric motor usually assists the engine
➢ Battery voltages are about 144 to 158 volts

Image Source Google Images

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Types of Hybridization

3. Full Hybridization
They are featured idle-stop function
• Regenerative braking
• Most are capable of using the electric motor
Alone to propel the engine
• The electric motor also assists the engine
• Battery voltages are about to 200 to 300 volts

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Types of HEV

• Series hybrid
• The fuel tank goes to the engine , but the engine turns a
generator
• Then the generator can either charge the batteries or
power an electric motor that drives the transmission
• The gasoline engine does not directly power the car

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Parallel hybrid

• Has a fuel tank that supplies gas to the engine like a

regular car
• It also has a set of batteries that run an electric motor
• Both the engine and electric motor can turn the
transmission at the same time

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Series parallel hybride

• Series parallel type also called power split hybrids

• More beneficial then above hybrid
• Most of the latest vehicle based on this hybrid

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Parts of HEV vehicle

Engine
• It is much same as other vehicles engine but the size of
hybrid electric vehicle engine is small and it is more fuel
efficient
• There are two types of engine , mostly used in HEV vehicle
a. Petrol Engine
b. Diesel Engine

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Battery

• It stores the energy generated from gasoline engine or

during regenerative braking, from the electric motor
• There are three types of batteries used in HEV vehicles
a. Lead acid ( 2.2 volt)
b. Nickel cadmium (1.2 volt )
c. Lithium – ion ( 3.7 volt )

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Generator

• It converts mechanical energy from engine into electrical

energy . Which can be used by electric motor stored in the
battery .it’s also used to start the gasoline engine instantly

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Electrical motor

• It’s power the vehicle at low speed and assist the gasoline
engine when additional power is needed
• Most of the electric machines usen in hybrid vehicles are
brushless DC motor (BLDC)

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CONTROLLER

• The controller is used to charge the battery or to supply

the power to electric motor
• Converts battery DC to a chopped DC power
• Can chop in amplitude DC or frequency AC
• Power is based on low voltage input signal 4-20 mA or 0-5
volt

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Advantages of HEV

➢ Savings
➢ Low emissions
➢ Reduced noice pollution
➢ Low maintenance
➢ Safe to drive

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Disadvantages of HEV

➢ Hybrids are more expensive than non hybrids

➢ Hybrids ( in regards to a car accident ) have a much higher
risk of exploding because it has a combination of gasoline
and ethanol
➢ Sometimes they can be pretty ugly
➢ Parts can be very expensive to repair ( between 100000
and 300000 for a battery )
➢ Slower than petrol powered car

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Future scope

➢ All the major automobile manufactures are working on

hybrid electrical vehicle
➢ Heavy vehicle like trucks will be use hybrid system in
future
➢ Efficiency of electric vehicle will further increase in future
➢ Safety features will be add in new generation hybrid car or
other vehicle
➢ Power of car have to increase in future
➢ Price of vehicles will reduce due to increase in production
rate of hybrid electric vehicles

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Source

• https://www.wikipedia.org/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle

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