AN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

SUBMITTED TO

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR AWARD OF

DIPLOMA
IN
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY

NAME of STUDENT: Jaynam Manoj BAROT

ENROLMENT NO: 196170302005

GUIDED BY:
Prof. Alkesh G. Parikh

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD
Table content
Abstract
Acknowledgement
Certificate
Index
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction To EV
1.1.1 Advantages And Disadvantages
1.2introduction To Conventional
1.2.1 Advantages And Disadvantages
2. Electric Motor vs. ICE
3.Specification Comparison
4. Market
4.1 Market Scenario Of EV Bikes
4.2 Market Scenario Of ICE Bikes
5. Power Train
5.1 EV
5.2 ICE
6. Cost Comparison
6.1 Maintenance Cost
6.2 Selling Cost
7. Environmental Impact
8. Efficiency
9.conculsion
10. new innovation in electric and conventional vehicles
10.1 new battery technology
10.2bharat stages
Thank You
TABLE TO FIGURE

Figure 1: Electric motor vs. ICE engine

Figure 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of EV and ICE
Figure 3: Revolt RV 400 vs. Apache RTR160
Figure 4: Market Scenario of EV and ICE
Figure 5: Power Train of EV and ICE
Figure 6: Charging Station And Fuel Refilling Station
Figure 7: Maintainers Cost EV vs. ICE
Figure 8: Selling Cost EV vs. ICE
Figure 9: Environmental Impact By EV vs., ICE
Figure 10: efficiency
Figure 11: innovation of electric car battery
Figure 12: reduce pollution from petrol vehicles
Key Point Electric Vehicle Conventional Vehicle
Power train Motor IC Engine
Fuel Battery Fossil fuel
Fuel specific energy Low High

Engine Efficiency 80% 30%

Torque/Speed Constant Variable
Range Medium High
Cost/KM Low High
TCO Low High
Maintenance Cost Low High
Pollution Zero High
Market (for current) Low High
Fuel Refuelling Time High Low
Abstract:

This report covers the research of electric motorcycle vs.

Conventional Motorcycle where all the aspects are of the real
market. the report is focusing on the research of the current
situation for the buyers. The core of the report is a
comparative research of BEV and Conventional types of
vehicles with their real market costs, quality features as well
as feasibilities at the end-user. finally delivering the actual
cost to own of each one. the report also mentions How EV is
making emission. and the final statement that is going to be
approved or rejected is the electric vehicles as the future of
the global market.
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECNIC, AHMEDABAD

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Report, submitted along with the project entitled
“Industrial Training (3350201)” has been carried out by Jaynam M . Barot
(196170302005) under my guidance in fulfillment for the degree of Diploma
Engineering in Automobile Engineering 5th Semester of Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmadabad during the academic year 2019-20. This student has successfully
completed Project activity under my guidance.

Internal Guide External Examiner

Prof. Alkesh G. Parikh
Automobile Engineering Dept.
Government Polytechnic,
Ahmadabad

Head of Department
Prof. Shri Shyam Varghese
Automobile Engineering Dept.
Government Polytechnic, Ahmadabad
Acknowledgement

I would like to give sincere thanks to my guide Mr. Alkesh G. Parikh

for advice and suggestion to my study during the term. I am grateful to
them for guiding us extending their co-operation for providing us with
necessary information.
I am very much thankful to our respectable Head of Automobile Engg.
Dept. Mr. Shri Shyam Varghese Sir for final approval our report. Their
continuous encouragement and perseverance were constant source of
inspiration for me. I am thankful to all them other teaching as well as
non- teaching staff of collage for helping and sharing information.
I would also like to thank Mr. astik patel and Mr. darshan Bhavsar to
help me in content guidance.
Last but not least, I would like to thanks god and my family member
for their loves, support & excellent co-operation to build my moral and
support at the time of hardships, agony & anguish during the entire
work.

Barot Jaynam M
 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to EV
When we think of electric vehicles, we mostly think of any car that use electricity to
run instead of petrol or diesel fossil fuels.
While this is pretty much along the right lines, the term ‘electric vehicle’ or ‘EV’
covers any vehicle that operates on an electric motor or traction motor instead of an
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). This includes not only cars but electric trucks,
planes, trains, boats and two- and three-wheelers.
In this article, we’re going to use the term ‘electric vehicle’ or ‘EV’ to refer to
electric bikes . As there are currently an estimated 1.4 billion cars on the road
worldwide, the car is widely considered to be the most common and popular type of
vehicle in use today.
An electric vehicle can therefore be defined as any vehicle that uses one or more
electric or traction motors for propulsion.
1.1.1 Advantages and disadvantages of electric bikes

Advantages of EV

•No Gas Required.

•Electric cars are entirely charged by the electricity you provide,
meaning you don't need to buy any gas ever again.
•More Convenient.
•Savings.
•No Emissions.
•Popularity.
•Safe to Drive.
•Cost-Effective.
•Low Maintenance.
 Disadvantages of Electric

•Charging Woes.
•Traveling Distance
•Lack of Power.
•Overloaded Batteries.
•They Are Expensive.
•They Cause Pollution.
•They're Heavy.
1.2 Introduction to ICE
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat
engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs
with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
chamber that is an integral part of the working
fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion
engine, the expansion of the high-
temperature and high-pressure gases produced
by combustion applies direct force to some
component of the engine. The force is applied
typically to pistons, turbine blades, a rotor, or
a nozzle. This force moves the component over
a distance, transforming chemical energy into
useful kinetic energy and is used to propel,
move or power whatever the engine is attached
to. This replaced the external combustion
engine for applications where weight or size of
the engine is important.
1.2.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF ICE
Advantages
•Petrol bikes cost less than electric bikes
•Many more make and models are available
in petrol version, especially in body type
•The petrol engines are considered more
responsive and powerful than electric motor
•The petrol vehicles deal better with
demanding climate conditions such as
extreme cold
•The main advantage of petrol vehicles is
that they are generally cheaper to purchase
and maintain as it’s much easier to find parts
and mechanics to repair petrol vehicles than
hybrid or electric.
 Disadvantages

•The main disadvantage, however, of petrol

vehicles is that they are not particularly energy
efficient and they aren’t environmentally
friendly.
•As they are powered by fossil fuels, they use a
lot of non-renewable energy sources, which
means at some point in the future, the fuel will
no longer be available.
 2. ELECTRIC MOTOR VS. ICE

Brushless DC motors are also called BLDC motors. These are the e-bike
industry default at this point because they tend to be smaller and lighter.
A BLDC eliminates the brushes, which improves the long-term durability of
the motor. The catch is that If a brushed motor is 5840 rupees or so, a brushless
one costs about 14600 rupees.
 Engine
Vehicle type Petrol vehicles
Energy source The engine produces
combustion and moves the
pistons. The rotational
motion of the pistons is
transmitted to the
transmission then converted
into the energy to drive the
wheels.
Advantages a. Higher energy density
b. Less refueling time
Disadvantages a. Emissions
b. Less efficient
motor
Electric vehicles
The electric motor's power
source is a battery pack. The
energy goes through the
regulator and then to the motor
that turns the wheels.
BlDC (brush less DC motor)
Used in electic bikes
a. No carbon emissions
b. Instant torque
a. Less proven technology
b. Longer recharging Tim
 3. SPECIFICATION

Revolt RV 400 TVS Apache RTR

Brand Revolt Motors TVS
Ex-Showroom Rs. 1.06 Lakeview Rs. 1.07 Lakeview On Road Price
Price On Road Price
Rating 4.2 4.0

Fuel Type Electric Petrol

Starting Remote Start Self Start Only

Refulling time 1 to 2 min
4.5 Hrs

Transmission Automatic 5 speed manual

Mileage 40km/charge 53.32kmpl

4. CURRENT MARKET SCENARIO

4.1 Current Market Scenario

Of Conventional Bike
•The Indian gasoline scooter and motorcycle market attained a
size of $22.0 billion in 2017 and is forecasted to reach $42.4
billion by 2025, registering a CAGR of 8.8% during 2018–
2025.
•The major factors driving the market growth are rising
income levels and growing demand from tier 2 and tier 3
cities.
•Motorcycle was the larger product category in the Indian
gasoline scooter and motorcycle market, with more than
65.0% revenue share in 2017.
•Its larger share is attributable to the increasing number of
motorcycle sales registered in the country.
• For instance, motorcycle ownership rate is fairly high in the
country, at 108 motorcycles per 1,000 population.
•Some of the major players operating in the Indian gasoline scooter
and motorcycle market are Hero MotoCorp Ltd., Honda Motorcycle
and Scooter India Pvt. Ltd, Bajaj Auto Ltd, TVS Motor Company
Limited., Yamaha Motor India Pvt. Ltd., Royal Enfield Ltd India,
Suzuki Motorcycle India Pvt. Ltd., Mahindra Two Wheelers Limited,
KTM AG, and Piaggio & C. SpA.
4.2 Current Market Scenario
Of Electric Bike

•The sales of BEVs and PHEVs exceeded the two-million mark for
the first time in 2019. The latest electric vehicle market predictions
are strong, too. Deloitte’s global EV forecast is a compound annual
growth rate of 29 percent achieved over the next 10 years into 2030,
with total EV sales growing from 2.5 million in 2020 to 11.2 million
in 2025, then reaching 31.1 million by 2030.
•By this time, EVs are expected to make up roughly 32 percent of the
total market share for new car sales as per the above graph. What’s
more, the market hasn’t been impacted by COVID-19 insofar as
others have; the pace of recovery for the EV market will be high,
with EVs having a positive trajectory during the COVID-19 recovery
period.
 POWER TRAIN AND WEIGHT RATIO

5.1 What is power train?

•A power train is an assembly of every
component that pushes your vehicle
forward.
•Your car's power train creates power from
Three-phase motors are the most popular
the engine and delivers it to the wheels
amongonall the configurations and are widely
the ground. The key components ofuseda in E-bikes. The stator of a BLDC motor
power train include an engine, consists of stacked steel laminations with
transmission, driveshaft, axles, andwindings placed in the slots that are axially cut
differential. along the inner periphery.
•Today, there are a few basic types of
power train transmission available.
1.Traditional Automatic Transmission.
2.Automated Manual Transmission.
3.Continuously-Variable Transmission
(CVT)
•Today, there are a few basic types of
power train transmission available.
1.Traditional Automatic Transmission.

2.Automated Manual Transmission.

3.Continuously-Variable Transmission
(CVT)
 6. COST COMPARISON
6.1 Maintenance Cost
Maintenance costs for EVs vs. fossil fuel powered bikes

•The fuel used to power your bike is only one factor in the cost of bike
ownership. In particular, vehicle maintenance costs can stack up over
time. With ICEs, engine maintenance can be a huge money sink,
especially as bike age.
•Changing the engine oil, coolant, transmission fluid, and belts can add
up in value over time. By comparison, electric cars don’t have internal
combustion engines, so these costs disappear.
•Universal vehicle expenses like tire and brake changes, insurance, and
structural repair are part of owning any vehicle, but EV owners avoid
many of the repeated costs associated with combustion engine upkeep.
EVs aren’t without expenses, however.
•The largest possible maintenance expense for an electric vehicle is a
replacement battery pack. Unlike a conventional battery, EVs have
large, complex rechargeable batteries that are drained and recharged
constantly, which leads to degradation and range loss over time.
•In the rare case that your EV battery is defective and needs
replacement, manufacturers will often cover that replacement with
a battery warranty.
•However, if your bikes is not under warranty, replacing your EV
battery is an expensive bill. The vast majority of EV owners won’t
have to replace their bikes' battery, but it is a risk you run when
operating an electric bikes.
 6.2 Selling Cost
•Why electric bike are so expensive ? well, answer is the battery which is
the most expensive part of any electric vehicles.
•The battery used in electric bike are made up of lithium-ion. These
substances are essential for the smooth functioning of the battery so that
the bike function properly
•And, this is the main reason why electric bikes are most expensive than
normal petrol bikes. If someday price of battery is reduced than eventually
the price of an electric bikes can also be reduced , it will be cheaper than
petrol bikes.
•But still, battery is the most important component of an electric bikes.
 7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

•Environmental Impact

•The real environmental impact can only be assessed on the data available. For
example, upto 2018, the Carbon Emissions factor for the Indian Power sector
stood at 0.82 kg/kWh, which implies that 0.82 kilograms of Carbon Dioxide
were emitted for every unit of electricity produced.
•With specifics mentioned earlier, a 30kWh battery capacity and a range of 312
kilometers should result in 0.07 kg/km or 0.07 kilograms of carbon dioxide is
emitted per kilometer.
•While comparing the same with the GHG emissions for road transport report
published by the Shakti Foundation, a petrol engine of less than 1400 cc has an
emission factor between 0.130 and 0.140 kg/km. In contrast, a diesel engine of
the same size has a factor in the range of 0.117 kg/km.
As observed in the graph, the carbon emissions over the operational life
are vast. The EV emissions are nearly half of the ICEVs. And the carbon
emission factor is yet to be updated following the integration of huge
renewable capacities added in the last few years. The current carbon
emissions factor for the Indian Power sector should be much lower than the
one reported in 2018, and the environmental impact of an EV should be
significantly better.
 8. EFFICIENCY
•Electric motors makes vehicles substantially more efficient than
internal combustion engines (ICEs). Electric motors convert over 85
percent of electrical energy into mechanical energy, or motion,
compared to less than 30 percent for a gas combustion engine.
•These efficiencies are even lower after considering losses as heat in
the drive train, which is the collection of components that translate the
power created in an electric motor or combustion engine to the wheels.
•According to the Department of Energy (DOE), in an EV, about 59-62
percent of the electrical energy from the grid goes to turning the
wheels, whereas gas combustion vehicles only convert about 17-21
percent of energy from burning fuel into moving the car.
•This means that an electric vehicle is roughly three times as efficient
as an ICE vehicle. Needing less energy to power your car also helps
bring down the cost
9. CONCLUSION
 10. NEW INNOVATION IN EV AND
ICE
10.1New battery technology
•Range anxiety and battery cost are two issues preventing an even wider adoption
of electric vehicles. However, new battery technologies are poised to solve both
issues at once. Lithium-ion batteries have become the industry standard over the
two decades of EV development.
•New technologies are being tested, such as graphene-based technologies, which
charge in 15 seconds. These are expected to supplement, not replace, traditional
EV batteries. Toyota is working on sulfide-based, solid-state batteries that are
projected to last almost 30 years.
•Other companies are trying to eliminate cobalt, one of the most expensive
components in existing batteries, which will significantly reduce the price.