Professional Documents
Culture Documents
June 2018
Approved by:
__________________________________
Table of Contents
1.Background ............................................................................................................................. 1
2. Rationale of the Program ....................................................................................................... 1
3. Program Aims and Objectives ………………………………………………………….…2
4.Graduate Profiles .................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 Construction Technology and Management graduates …………………………………4
4.2 Road and Transport Engineering graduates …………………………………...…….4
4.3 Geotechnical Engineering graduates…………………………………………………5
4.4 Hydraulic Engineering graduates ………………………………………………..5
4.5 Structural Engineering graduates ………………………………………………..5
4.6 Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering graduates ………………………………...5
5.Admission Requirements ....... ……………………………………………………………….6
5.1Minimum Admission Requirements for Regular Master’s Degree Programs………......6
5.2 Minimum Admission Requirements for Fast-track Regular Master’s Programs…….…7
6. Duration of Study................................................................................................................... 7
7.Teaching and Learning Approach ........................................................................................... 7
8. Mode of delivery .................................................................................................................... 8
9. Assessment and Evaluation Mechanisms .............................................................................. 8
10. Grading system .................................................................................................................... 8
11. Graduation Requirement ...................................................................................................... 9
12 Degree Nomenclature ........................................................................................................... 9
12.1 Construction Technology and Management graduates ……………………...….9
12.2 Road and Transport Engineering graduates ………………………….…………….10
12.3 Geotechnical Engineering graduates …………………………………..….………...10
12.4 Hydraulic Engineering graduates …………………………….…….……………10
12.5 Structural Engineering graduates ………………………………………..………11
12.6 Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering ……………………………….……….11
13.Staff Profile and Resources ......................................................... …………………………11
13.1 Staff Profile…………………………………………………………………………..12
13.1.1 Existing PhD Faculty Staff ……………………………………..…………12
13.1.2Visiting Faculty from STEM Program of Ministry of Science and
Technology……………………………………………………………..………….….13
13.2 Resources………………………………………………………………………….....13
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13.2.1 Laboratories and other
facilities………………………………………………Error! Bookmark not defined.13
14.Quality Assurance ............................................................................................................... 13
15.Course Coding .................................................................................................................... 14
16.Course list ........................................................................................................................... 14
16.1. Geotechnical Engineering …………………………………………...…………...14
16.1.1 List of core courses
………………………………………………………………14Error! Bookmark not
defined.
16.1.2 List of Elective courses………………………………………………………….15
16.2 Road and Transport Engineering ……………………………………………….15
16.2.1 List of Core courses
………………………………………………………….….15Error! Bookmark not
defined.
16.2.2 List of Elective courses……………………………………………………..…..15
16.3 Geotechnical Engineering …………………………………………..…….……..16
16.3.1 List of Core courses
……………………………………………………..……....16Error! Bookmark not
defined.
16.3.2 List of Elective courses…………………………………………………..…….16
16.4 Hydraulic Engineering ………………………………………………...……..16
16.4.1 List of Core courses
………………………………………………….…..……...16Error! Bookmark not
defined.
16.4.2 List of Elective courses……………………………………………….…..……..17
16.5 Structural Engineering ………………………………………….……………17
16.5.1 List of Core courses………………………………………………….………….17
16.5.2 List of Elective courses…………………………………………….……………17
16.6 Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering ………………………………….…….18
16.6.1 List of Core courses………………………………………………….………….18
16.6.2 List of Elective courses………………………………………………….………18
17.Course breakdown .............................................................................................................. 18
17.1 Construction Technology and Management ……………………………….……….18
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17.2 Road and Transport Engineering …………………………………………..……19
17.3 Geotechnical Engineering …………………………………………………......…20
17.4 Hydraulic Engineering …………………………………………………..……21
17.5 Structural Engineering ………………………………………………….…….22
17.6 Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering …………………………………..……23
18. Detailed Course Descriptions ............................................................................................ 25
18.1 Construction Technology and Management ………………………………………..25
18.2 Road and Transport Engineering ………………………………………………..41
18.3 Geotechnical Engineering ………………………………………………………..61
18.4 Hydraulic Engineering ……………………………………………………….80
18.5. Structural Engineering ………………………………………………………..96
18.6 Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering ……………………………………....119
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1. Introduction
1.1. Background to the program
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Addis Ababa Science and Technology
University started its two-year full-time postgraduate program in the fields of Structural
Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Construction Technology
and Management, and Road and Transport Engineering in 2013/14 Academic year. These
programs were designed to satisfy the increasing demands of the construction industry for
advanced technical knowledge. The programs were designed to be course intensive and
students did not get sufficient time to conduct in-depth research.
To address these problems, and based on its own past experiences, the Civil Engineering
Department has revised its postgraduate curriculum for all of the specializations. The revised
curriculum is a two-year program in which students will finish the course work during their
first year and focus on their MSc research during their second year. The graduate program
would thus offer advanced courses in engineering with an emphasis on courses that solve the
gaps in the industry. The students’ thesis work will focus on solving the challenges in the
construction industry of Ethiopia and at least one journal article is expected to be published in
an internationally reputable journal.
This had been achieved at that time by developing a curriculum of five-year duration in lieu
of the previous 4-years program given at other universities in the country. Another way to
tackle the problem and achieve better results would have been to give advanced courses at a
post graduate level. The problem now as before is that the training at the undergraduate level,
no matter how comprehensive it might be, lacks the most important element of a postgraduate
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training, which is enabling the graduates to be capable of identifying the essence of an
engineering problem, converting it into a suitable model and solving it independently.
The most important rationale for developing a postgraduate program is, therefore, the
development of skilled human resource that is capable of handling more complex civil
engineering problems with little or no guidance whatsoever, supervising the designs of yet
inexperienced engineers working in a project team and thereby acquire skills of professional
leadership. Such trained manpower is known to be instrumental to the effective
implementation of national development programs. The skill developed will be equipped
through the research the trainee will conduct in the respective programs.
(i) To train engineers in planning and management of large Civil Engineering works,
which include the administration of local and international contracts, feasibility
study planning, appraisal of projects and their finance, etc.
(ii) To train construction engineers who have acquired thorough understanding on the
performance of concrete, ranging from material selection to site practices.
(iii) To produce high level professionals in Road and Transport Engineering who can
be involved in the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of
transport infrastructures.
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(iv) To produce qualified Highway Engineers who can be involved in the planning of
infrastructure development based on traffic engineering data and handling the
design of highways
(v) To train Geotechnical Engineers who are capable of directing and performing site
investigations and soil laboratory testing as well as evaluating and interpreting
investigation results for building and bridge site, dam sites, roads, highways, etc.
(vi) To train Geotechnical Engineers who are capable of handling the design and
construction of building and bridge foundations, dams, dam foundations, roads,
retaining and underground structures, etc.
(vii) To train hydraulic engineers who are capable of handling special problems related
to design of hydraulic structures, such as spillways, dams, terminal structures,
diversion structures, and sediment transport.
(viii) To train hydraulic engineers with the necessary advanced theoretical background
to deal with complex problems related to the planning, development and
management of water resources.
(ix) To train hydraulic engineers who will be capable of providing advisory services
with regard to problems related to water resources development.
(x) To train Structural Engineers who are equipped with the necessary advanced
theoretical backgrounds to handle the design of special structures such as high rise
buildings or bridges with special features made of reinforced concrete, prestressed
concrete, steel or composite steel and concrete construction.
(xi) To produce qualified Structural Engineers who are capable of providing services
and consultancy to the construction industry with regard to structural problems.
(xii) To train Structural Engineers who will be in a position to check the structural
design of other engineers after some years of experience in design and
construction.
(xiii) To produce Water Supply and Sanitary Engineers who are capable of handling
problems related to water demand, water source, water commercialization, water
treatment, water transport and distribution, sewerage and urban drainage
modeling, assessment of sanitation technology and system, solid and liquid waste
management and reuse, and water and wastewater quality management and
modeling, and water resource planning and management.
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(xiv) To provide advanced knowledge and skills to ensure that the scholars gain in-
depth and specialized technical proficiency in assessment, planning, designing,
constructing and operating water supply and sanitation system facilities.
(xv) To train high level professionals who will be capable of providing advisory
services and solving the existing and anticipated urban and rural water supply and
sanitation systems problems.
(xvi) To train skilled Civil Engineers who can formulate a research problem from
current practices and challenges in the construction industry, develop proper
solution strategies and disseminate their findings.
4. Graduate Profile
4.1. Construction Technology and Management graduates
Upon successful completion of the M.Sc. Program in Construction Management and
Technology, the graduates will have acquired all the necessary skills to enable them shoulder
the responsibilities such as:
Construction Technology and Management.
Designing mixes for high strength concrete.
Offering solutions for construction management problems.
Managing large-scale civil engineering works.
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4.3. Geotechnical Engineering graduates
Upon successful completion of the M.Sc. Program in Geotechnical Engineering, the
graduates will have acquired all the necessary skills to enable them shoulder the
responsibilities such as:
Directing and performing site as well as laboratory investigations for building and bridge
sites, dam sites, selecting dam or pavement construction materials.
Designing foundations and pavements on problematic soils like expansive soils.
Teaching in Universities and Colleges.
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Assessment of water demand and water sources for urban and rural areas and
environmental pollution
Evaluation of existing water supply and sanitation systems
Planning and designing of sewerage and urban drainage systems
Water and wastewater quality management and modeling
Planning and design of water and wastewater treatment
Planning and designing of sanitation technology and systems
Modeling water supply distribution systems
Planning and design of integrated solid waste management system
5. Admission Requirements
5.1. Minimum Admission Requirements for Regular Master’s Degree
Programs
The applicant must have a B.Sc. Degree in Civil Engineering or its equivalent and meet the
admission requirements of the School of Graduate Studies. He/she must also pass the
entrance examination administered by the Department. Regarding applicants from other
related disciplines, the Departmental Graduate Committee (DGC), will rule on the eligibility
of such students.
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5.2. Minimum Admission Requirements for Fast-track Regular Master’s
Programs
A fifth year student from undergraduate program shall be eligible to apply for fast-track
system if he has a CGPA of at least 3.85 for male and 3.75 for female, obtained in at
least 6 semesters for engineering programs.
Foreign Master’s applicants may, in lieu of sitting for entrance examination, submit results of
language proficiency examinations, such as, TOEFL/IELTS or equivalent, if the graduate
medium of instruction has not been English.
6. Duration of Study
The Master's programs shall normally take two academic years for completion.
No Master student may anticipate finishing a program in less than one and a half
academic year.
A Master student may be allowed to continue for up to a maximum of four years if it
can be shown that the extension is required by force majeure and if it is recommended
by the DGC and AC. Such extension of time shall be recommended by the DGC and
the AC while approved by the AAVP every semester.
A Master student taking more than the normal two-year duration for completion of a
program shall fulfill the special conditions set forth by the AC/DGC.
The continuous assessment includes practical sessions, assignments, project works, group
works and quiz. The instructor should follow the course content distribution weightage and
evaluation methods suggested in the course description.
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The MSc student is expected to dwell more time in research with the guidance of his/her
supervisors and expected to submit one article for publication.
8. Mode of delivery
The programs will be delivered in the regular program has a duration of two years.
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[50, 60) C 2.00
< 50 F 0.00
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12.2. Road and Transport Engineering graduates
For the M.Sc. program in Road and Transport Engineering Graduate Program, the degree
nomenclature should read as:
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12.5. Structural Engineering graduates
For the M.Sc. program in Structural Engineering Graduate Program, the degree nomenclature
should read as:
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Regarding reference facilities, the University library has some collection of text books and
reference material in the area. With the realization of the AASTU NET, students are now in a
position to enjoy on-line services such as downloading of articles they need from different
internationally recognized sources. Such services are indispensable for staff and students
alike, especially final year students, while they are involved with their thesis work and will
highly contribute to quality assurance and timely completion of thesis works. MSc students
have a chance of accessing journals in Civil Engineering subscribed by the University
Library.
Staff profile
The above list shows staff members on duty. It is believed that the available staff members
could manage the teaching and research activities in the existing programs and the PhD
programs envisaged to begin next academic year. Besides, considerable numbers of staff
members who are on study leave now are expected to resume their regular duties in due
course to take part in the planned programs.
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13.1.2. Visiting Faculty from STEM Program of Ministry of Science and Technology
Stem Network includes Ethiopian Diaspora in America and Europe. They are currently
actively participating to support the MSc and PhD programs in Addis Ababa Science and
Technology University. Faculty members will also be engaged from other national
universities.
13.2. Resources
13.2.1. Laboratories and other facilities
The list below includes laboratories that are directly related to the envisaged PhD program
course work and possible research engagements. Other laboratories accessible to students and
staff in the University are not included.
The laboratory facilities currently available are sufficient facilities to accommodate possible
analysis works both during the course work and research at PhD level. This cuts financial
burden which otherwise would have been paid to other universities during course work and
research.
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The course content should be covered as described in the course description for each course.
The research proposal and thesis defense procedures should be up to the standard to assure
quality. Quality of classrooms and laboratories should be up to the standard to assure quality.
The staff profile of the college enables for the assurance of quality.
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4 CENG6107 Contracts and Business Law(s) 3 2 3 -
5 CENG6102 Construction Economics 3 2 - 3
6 CENG6104 Organization and Labor Management 3 2 - 3
7 Heavy Construction Equipment and Plant 3 2 3 -
CENG6106
management
8 CENG6902 Research Methods 3 2 - 3
9 CENG7909 Thesis 6
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2 CENG7311 Project Management 3 2 - 3
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Management
6 CENG6604 Sediment Transport Mechanics 3 2 - 3
7 CENG6902 Research Methods 3 2 - 3
8 CENG6606 Design and Analysis of Dams 3
9 CENG7909 Thesis 6
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16.6. Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering
16.6.1. List of Core courses
No Course code Course Title Crhr Lect. Tut. Lab.
1 CENG6701 Water Quality Analysis and Modeling 3 2 - 3
2 CENG6703 Advanced Hydrology 3 2 - 3
3 CENG6705 Sewerage and Urban Drainage System 3 2 - 3
4 CENG6707 Water Transport and Distribution 3 2 - 3
5 Water and Wastewater Treatment
CENG6702 3 2 - 3
Engineering
6 CENG6704 Water Resource System Analysis 3 2 - 3
7 CENG6902 Research Methods 3 2 - 3
8 Solid Waste Engineering and - 3
CENG6706 3 2
Management
9 CENG7909 Thesis 6
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Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr L T Lab/P
CENG6102 Construction Economics 3 2 - 3
CENG6104 Organization and Labor Management 3 2 - 3
Heavy Construction Equipment and Plant 3 2 3 -
CENG6106
Management
CENG6902 Research Methods 3 2 - 3
Total 12 9 3 6
Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Total 6
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Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr L T Lab/P
CENG6902 Research Methods 3 2 - 3
Planning and Economic Evaluation of
CENG6302 3 2 - 3
Transport Projects
CENG6304 Traffic Engineering 3 2 - 3
CENG6306 Traffic Safety and Environmental Impact 3 2 - 3
Total 12 8 - 12
Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Total 6
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Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr L T Lab/P
CENG6902 Research Methods 3 2 - 3
CENG6202 Soil Dynamics and Geotechnical Earthquake 3 2 - 3
Engineering
CENG6204 Field Exploration and Soil Testing 3 2 - 3
CENG6206 Engineering Properties of Tropical Soils 3 2 - 3
Total 12 9 - 12
Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Total 6
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Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr L T Lab/P
CENG6602 Water Resources Systems: Planning and 3 2
- 3
Management
CENG6604 Sediment Transport Mechanics 3 2 - 3
CENG6902 Research Methods 3 2 - 3
CENG6606 Design and Analysis of Dams 3 2 - 3
Total 12 8 - 12
Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Total 6
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Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr L T Lab/P
CENG6502 Earthquake Engineering 3 2 - 3
CENG6902 Research Methods 3 2 - 3
CENG6504 Advanced Concrete Structures 3 2 - 3
CENGxxxx Elective-I 3 2 - 3
Total 12 8 - 12
Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Total 6
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Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr L T Lab/P
Water and Wastewater Treatment
CENG6702 3 2 - 3
Engineering
CENG6704 Water Resource System Analysis 3 2 - 3
CENG6902 Research Methods 3 2 - 3
Solid Waste Engineering and - 3
CENG6706 3 2
Management
Total 12 8 - 12
Semester II
Course code Course Title Crhr
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Total 6
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18. Detailed Course Description
18.1. Construction Technology and Management graduates
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Course objectives and Objective: The students will be able to understand the
concept of project cycle and management
competences
Outcome: At the end of the course the students will be
to be acquired able to know project planning, feasibility study, project
appraisal, project scheduling including software
application.
Course description/content Duties and responsibilities of main parties in
Civil engineering;
Initial project planning: pre-feasibility and
feasibility studies; project appraisal
Professional ethics in Civil engineering; Case
studies on selected topics.
Preparation and presentation of term paper on a
selected topic is mandatory.
Project scheduling and analysis Methods :
CPM, PERT,
Relevant Software application, ms project ,
primavera etc
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
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lab.
Course rationale
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Course description/content
Types and quality control of construction
materials, such as steel products, fiber glass,
aluminum, etc.
Local ( natural ) available construction
materials
Concrete making materials; Production and
types of cement including PFA and GGBFS;
Cement hydration; Microstructure of concrete;
Durability properties of concrete: carbonation,
corrosion, sulphate attack, ASR, AAR;
Transport mechanisms in concrete:
Permeability, diffusion, porosity; Cracks in
concrete;
Additives in concrete; Movements in concrete:
plasticity, shrinkage and creep;
Advanced concrete Construction techniques
,concreting under special conditions
Design of Temporary structures (formwork and
scaffolding ) ,
Methods for specifying concrete;
Mix design methods and examples; Curing
techniques; Properties of fresh and hardened
concrete; destructive and Non-destructive tests
in concrete;
Evaluation of concrete quality; Concrete in hot
and cold climates; Large volume pours of
concrete;
special concrete ,Ready mix concrete; Light
weight concrete; High performance concrete;
Pumping concrete; water proof concrete ,
vaccume concrete, polymer concrete ,fiber
reinforced concrete , foam concrete, Fire
resistance and sound insulation properties.
Laboratory work and lab. Report writing is
mandatory
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment 50%, Final Exam 50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
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4. Handoo, puri,& Kaila ( reprint 2004); concrete
technology , satya prakashan ,new Delhi
5. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
P a g e | 28
simulation, bidding models,
Relevant Software application
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment 50%, Final Exam 50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Course rationale
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. John Murdoch and Will Hughes (2000),
Construction Contracts Law and Management,
published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2001.
2. FIDIC conditions of contract for construction ( all
types )
3. Federal Acquisition Institute ,Basic Contract
Administration, Washington, DC
4. Journal and proceeding articles
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Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Course objectives and The students shall learn and understand the Basic
economics principles; Cash flows; Investment appraisal
competences
methods; Importance of Economics and finance in
to be acquired Construction
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
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1991
3. Russell Kenley , Financing Construction, published
in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005
4. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
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Welfare Measures – MIS – Components and
Structure – Personal Management.
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment 50%, Final Exam -50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
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Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 34
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Course rationale
P a g e | 35
competences proposals and thesis
to be acquired Outcome:
At the end of the course the students will be able to
write scientific proposals and thesis
Course description/content Composition of scientific research proposals,
data collection, analysis and evaluation.
Styles of thesis and scientific paper writing,
including paper organization, style, grammar
and appearance in addition to technical content.
Seminar preparation and presentation.
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Day, R.A., 1994, How to write and publish a
scientific paper, 4th edition, University press,
Cambridge
2. Montgomery , D.C., 2001, Design and analysis
of experiments, 5th edition, John Willy and
Sons, Newyork
3. Antony, J., 2003, Design of experiment for
engineers and scientists, Elsevier, Amsterdam
4. Helsel, D. R., 2002, Statistical methods in water
resources, US Geological Survey
5. Journal and proceeding articles
CENG7909 Thesis 6
P a g e | 36
Pre-requisites course(s) Research Methods
Course rationale
Text books and references Depends on the nature of the thesis work
P a g e | 37
Elective courses
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 38
training
Accident costs, Quantification of accidents, Cost of
safety programs,
EHS Legal and Regulatory Requirements for
Construction Projects; Professional and
Occupational EHS requirements, OSHA , ILO,
Duties and responsibilities of construction
stakeholders in health and safety; Planning,
Implementation and monitoring process of safety
,health and environment protection
construction projects suitable for environment :
Environmental Impact Assessment in projects
,keeping historical projects , green house projects
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment 50%, Final Exam 50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
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Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
P a g e | 40
supervision
3 Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
Course objectives and Course Objective: At the end of the Course, the
Students will be able to
competences
Identify Urban Transportation Problems
to be acquired Conduct Traffic Studies and Analyze Traffic
data
Estimate Urban Travel Demand
Model the Transit System
Perform various measures to manage the
Transportation System and to mitigate Air and Noise
Pollution caused by a Transportation System
Course description/content Transport and society. Urban travel characteristics:
transport and land use; and travel characteristics and
travel patterns. Intercity passenger and freight systems.
Transport planning studies: inventories, volume
studies, capacity studies, pedestrian studies, mass
transit studies, and parking studies. State-wide and
regional transport planning. Urban transport planning:
travel-demand forecasting: trip generation; modal split;
P a g e | 41
trip distribution; and route assignment. Evaluating
transport alternatives. Transport system management.
Environment and energy impacts.
Text books and references 1. Transport Planning 4th Edition by Juan de Dios
Orthuzar and Luis O Willumsen, Pbl John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd 2011
2. Transport Planning in the UK, USA and Europe by
D Banister Pbl E & FN Spon
3. Passenger transport After 2000AD edited by GBR
Fielden, A.H. Wickens and I.R.Yate Pbl E & FN
Spon
4. Highway Engineering and Traffic Engg in
Developing Countries by Bent Thamasgen Pbl E &
FN Spon
5. Highway An Architectural Approach by L Abbey
Pbl E & FN Spon
6. Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering Ed by
C A O’Flaherty, Pbl Elsevier Butteworth-Heineman
7. Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning by Dr
L R Kadiyali, Khanna Pbl Roorkee India
8. Traffic Engineering and Transport Engineering by
Dr S K Khanna and Justo, Pbl Roorkee India
9. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 42
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 43
UGMs. Rheology of Bitumen and Characterization,
Bitumen Constitution and Structure, Rheological
Properties and Pavement Performance, Superpave
Binder Tests and Specification, Polymer modified
and Special bitumen. Bituminous Mixture Design
and Characterization, Objective and Elements of
Mix Design, Aggregates for Asphalt Mix, Marshall
and Hveem Mix Design Methods, Superpave Mix
Design Method, Hot Mix Asphalt Operation and
Compaction. Mechanical Tests Of Asphalt
Mixtures, Resilient Modulus by Repeated Load,
Dynamic Complex Modulus, Flexural Test and
Indirect Tension, Creep and Permanent
Deformation, Moisture Susceptibility. MATERIAL
MODELING, Introduction to Continuum
Mechanics, Material Models for Soils and Rocks
P a g e | 44
12. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
P a g e | 45
Highway Functional Classification, The concept of
functional classification, Road hierarchy and network
design, The hierarchy of functional systems for rural
highways and urban streets, Road safety problems in
developing countries. Design Controls and Criteria,
Design vehicle characteristics and driver performance,
Traffic characteristics and flow relationships, Highway
capacity and level of service. Geometric Design of
Road Links, Geometric design principles, Sight
distance, Horizontal alignment, Vertical alignment,
Cross section elements, Assessment of adequacy of a
design, Computer aided geometric design. Road
Junctions, At-grade intersections, Grade separations,
Interchanges. Planning and Design for Non-Motorized
Transport. Geometric Design of Airfields, Airport site
selection and runway system orientation, Runways,
Taxiways, Aprons.
P a g e | 46
9. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
P a g e | 47
Pavements (ESA). Principle of Probabilistic Design
Approaches. Design for Rehabilitation and
Upgrading. Overview of Rigid Pavement Design.
Overview of Small Element Pavement Design.
Drainage and Road Embankment Design Overview.
Deflection measurements and back calculation of
elastic moduli.
Text books and references 1. Yang H. Huang; Pavement Analysis and Design
2. Yoder and Witczak; Principles of Pavement
3. Norbert Delatte; Concrete Pavement Design,
Construction and Perf.
4. A.A.A. Molenaar; Structural Design of Pavements
Part III: Design of
Flexible Pavements (TU Delft lecture note)
5. A.A.A. Molenaar; Structural Design of Pavements
Part VI
6. AASHTO; Guide for Design of Pavement Structures
7. ERA; Pavement Design Manual Vol. I Flexible
Pavements
8. ERA; Pavement Design Manual Vol. I Rigid
Pavements
9. ORN 31; A Guide to the Structural Design of
Bitumen-Surfaced Roads In Sub-tropical Countries
10. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 48
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 49
2. Butler, D., and JW, D. (2011), Urban Drainage,
Taylor & Francis.
3. Akan, A.O. and Houghtalen, R.J. (2003). Urban
Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Storm Water Quality,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.
4. American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE)
(1992). Design and Construction of Urban Storm
Water Management Systems, ASCE Manuals and
Reports on Engineering Practice No. 77 and Water
Pollution Control Fed. Manual of Practice RD-20,
New York, NY.
5. Rossman, L. (2008). Storm Water Management
Model User’s Manual Version 5.0. EPA/600/R-
32/310, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Risk Management Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, OH.
6. Tucci, C. E. M. and Porto, R. L. (2001). Storm
hydrology and urban drainage. In Urban Drainage
in Humid Tropics,
7. Haestad Methods (2003), Storm water Conveyance
Modelling and Design, Bentley Institute Press, USA8.
Nicklow, J.W., Boulos, P.F. and Muleta, M.K. (2004).
9. Research Method, By Kothari
10. Optimization, By Taha
11. Optimization, By SD Sharma
12. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 50
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 51
context of transport services provided by public, issues
of social, geographical and temporal equity. Appraisal
and Evaluation of Transport Projects, Feasibility and
evaluation, cost, impacts and performance levels,
evaluation of alternatives, analysis techniques, cost-
benefit analysis, social and financial benefits, valuation
of time, measures of land value and consumer benefits
from transportation projects, prioritization of projects,
multi-criteria decision assessment. Funding and
Financing of Transportation Projects: Methods for
raising funds for maintenance, improvement and
expansion of transportation networks: - taxation and
user fee, Financing through loans, bonds, PPPs and
concessions. Highway planning using the HDM model.
User costs. Construction costs. Maintenance and
operation costs. Cost and transport efficiency
implications of maintenance and geometric standards.
Cost/benefit analysis of transportation infrastructure
investments. Transport infrastructure project
management and contracts. Quality Assurance and
Control (QA / QC) in road planning, construction,
maintenance and operation.
P a g e | 52
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Course objectives and At the end of the course the student would be able to
Analysis design issues related to parking & signal.
competences
To understand the detrimental effect of traffic on
to be acquired environment.
To possess a good understanding of traffic engineering,
know basic quantitative methods required by traffic
engineers, understand how different road user groups
interact and the consequences for traffic engineering.
Course description/content Traffic Characteristics Measurement And Analysis:
Basic traffic Characteristics - Speed, Volume and
Concentration. Relationship between Flow, Speed and
Concentration. Traffic Measurement and Analysis -
Volume Studies - Objectives, Methods; Speed studies –
Objectives, Definition of Spot Speed, time mean speed
and space mean speed; Methods of conducting speed
studies; Presentation of speed study data; Head ways
and Gaps; Critical Gap; Gap acceptance studies.
Highway Capacity And Level Of Service. Basic
definitions related to capacity; Level of service
concept; Factors affecting capacity and level of service;
Computation of capacity and level of service for two
lane highways, Multilane highways and free ways.
Parking Analysis And Traffic Safety. Traffic and
Environment: Detrimental effects of Traffic on
Environment, Air pollution; Noise Pollution; Measures
P a g e | 53
to curtail environmental degradation due to traffic.
Sustainable Transportation: Sustainable modes, Transit
Oriented Development, ITS based benefits for
Environment.
P a g e | 54
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Course objectives and At the of this course the students will be able:
To investigate & determine the collective factors &
competences
remedies of accident involved.
to be acquired To design & planning various road geometrics with
consideration of traffic safety
To develop management techniques in traffic
system from road safety point of view.
To Consider environmental impacts in designing Roads
Course description/content Accident pattern. Road user, vehicle and environment
interaction. Exposure. Accident reporting and accident
database. Vehicle factors, crashworthiness. Human
factors, drink driving. Identification of hazard, problem
diagnosis and remedial
treatments.Conflictstudies.Accidentmodels.Roadsafetye
ducation.Vulnerable road users. Public transport
accidents. Evaluation techniques. Economic appraisal.
Risk compensation, regression-to-mean, and accident
migration. Traffic noise: noise source, level, prediction,
and control measures. Road traffic air pollution:
vehicular emission parameters, pollution standards and
measures. Role of Urban infrastructure design in safety:
Geometric Design of Roads; Design of Horizontal and
Vertical Elements, Junctions, At Grade and Grade
Separated Intersections, Road Safety in Urban
Transport, Sustainable Modes and their Safety.
P a g e | 55
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment (50%)
Assignment
Test
Project and
Paper Review
Final Exam (50%)
Text books and references 1. Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning, L.R.
Kadiyali, Khanna Publisher, 2013
2. Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, C A
O’ Flaherty, John Wiley and Sons, 1997
3. The Handbook of Traffic Engineering, T.F. Fwa,
CRC, Taylor and Francis, 2006
4. WHORoad Safety Fundamentals, James Mearkle,
P.E.2009
5. Handbook of Road Safety measures, second
Edition, Rune Elvik, Alena Hoye, Truls
Vaa,Michael Sorenson
6. Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering, Richardo
G Sigua, Global Status Report on Road Safety
7. Journal and proceeding articles
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Course rationale
P a g e | 56
Course objectives and Objective: The Master thesis research project enables
the student to undertake research problem in road and
competences transport engineering and make relevant application of
to be acquired the mastery of knowledge he gained to the specific
research problem.
Outcome: An ability to formulate meaningful research
problem. Ability to tackle up to date research problems
through intelligent thinking and analytical skills.
Ability to correlate theory with practical problems
Course description/content A student undertakes an up to date research problem in
structural engineering. He/She is required to propose a
research assisted by his/her course tutor. The thesis
work is undertaken independently by the student in
which he is required to demonstrate the breadth and
depth of advanced knowledge he/she gained, the ability
to systematically tackle research problems and produce
thesis of publishable standard.
Text books and references Depends on the nature of the thesis work
P a g e | 57
Elective Courses
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Course objectives and At the end of the Course, the Students will be able to
Identify issues in Freight Transportation
competences
Estimate Freight Demand
to be acquired Assess Safety and Environmental implications due
to Freight Transport
Estimate requirements of Intermodal Freight
Transport
Identify appropriate ITS tools for enhancing efficiency
of Freight Travel
Course description/content Freight Transportation Planning, Goods
Characteristics, Operators, Problems in Freight
Transportation, Regional versus Urban Goods Travel,
Freight Terminals, Multimodal Transport, Physical
Infrastructure for different Freight Transport. Freight
Demand Estimation, Operations, Planning, Purpose,
Process, Data, Freight Agents, Costs, Freight Demand
Estimation and Forecasting at Regional and Urban
level, Freight Market Development, Freight Pricing,
Mechanism. Freight Transport Planning and Issues
Freight Supply – Capacity Issues, Freight Productivity
P a g e | 58
and Performance, Freight Impacts – Safety and
Environmental Issues, Freight Competition aspects.
Intermodal Freight Transport Rail Freight
Operations, Intermodal Freight Transport, Freight
Interchanges, Intermodal Road and Rail Vehicles,
Special aspects of Road Transport, Rail Transport, Sea
Transport and Air Transport related to Ethiopian and
International Conditions. ITS applications in Freight
Transport Introduction to ITS, Role of ITS, ITS
Components applicable to Goods Travel, Case Studies
The transport system: - the physical infrastructure for
different transport means, terminals and the actors in
the transport market. Transport costs and pricing
mechanisms. Market development, competition aspects,
organizations and actors. Special aspects of road
transport, rail transport, sea transport and air transport
related to Ethiopian and international conditions.
Transport technologies. Multimodal transport. Terminal
structure and functions.
Text books and references 1. NCFRP report 23, Synthesis of Freight Research in
Urban Transportation Planning, TRB,
2. Washington, 2013
3. David Lowe, Intermodal Freight Transport, Elsevier
Butterworth Heinemann Publishers, 2005
4. Konstadinos G. Goulias, Editor, Transportation
Systems Planning : Methods and Applications,
CRC Press, 2003
P a g e | 59
5. Myer Kutz, Editor, Handbook of Transportation
Engineering, McGraw – Hill Publishers, 2004
6. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
P a g e | 60
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment -50%, Final Exam -50%
Course rationale
P a g e | 61
Course objectives and Objective:
competences To make students understand about advanced
computational methods in geotechnical engineering
to be acquired
Outcome:
At the end of the course the students will be able to
apply advanced computational methods
P a g e | 62
Seepage analysis
Finite Difference Method
Introduction
Derivation of finite difference equations
Finite Difference solution of Terzaghi’s1D
consolidation equation
FD solution of consolidation settlement & average
degree of consolidation
FD solution for Two-dimensional Flow
FD solution of wave propagation
FD modeling of problems (1-D, 2-D & 3-D)
General description
Constitutive modeling
Numerical formulation Body discretization
Initial and boundary conditions
Loading
Application of Finite Difference Method in
Geotechniques using FD based software
Deformation Analysis
Embankment/excavation construction
Excess pore-water pressures
Soil-structure interaction
Consolidation analyses
Seepage analysis
Introduction to Boundary Element Method
Introduction to Hybrid Method
Comparison of the different advanced methods
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
P a g e | 63
Costabel (1986)
8. Manuals of Geostudio2004
9. Manuals of FLAC3D
10. FEM software package Geostudio 2004/PLAXIS
11. FDM software package: FLAC3D
12. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
Deep Foundations
Review of single and group pile capacity for
P a g e | 64
vertical loading.
Types of piles
Pile capacity
Pile spacing and group action
Negative skin friction
Pile cap
Design of pile and pile cap
Laterally loaded piles: with various load displacement
considerations.
Batter piles
Pile-raft foundations.
Drilled piers and caissons
Advanced methods of design and analysis of deep
foundations.
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
P a g e | 65
6. Soil dynamics, 1981 by ShamsherPrakash.
7. Vibration of soils and foundations, 1970 by R.E.
Rechart, R.D. Woods and J.R. Hall
8. EBCS-7 and EBCS – 2
9. Journals and conference proceedings
10. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
P a g e | 66
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Course rationale
P a g e | 67
Consolidation, Two and Three Dimensional
Consolidation Theories.
Time-Dependent Behavior of Clays: Introduction
- Quasi-Preconsolidation, Rate Effects, Creep and
Stress Relaxation, Rheological Models
Settlement Analysis: Immediate Settlement,
Primary Consolidation Settlement, Secondary
Settlement, Three Dimensional effects of
Settlement
Stress Distribution in Soils: Introduction, Stresses
due to different loading types, Contact Pressure
under Rigid Footings, Stress Distribution in non-
homogeneous soils, Stress Distribution in non-
linear soils, Approximate Method of Determining
Vertical Stress.
Stress and strain Path Representation in Soils
Under Loading: Display of Stress-paths/strain –
paths, Axially symmetric stress-paths/strain –paths,
Plane strain stress paths, Plasticity, Yield and Basic
Soil Models
Plasticity theory: Yielding in metals, Combined
loading and yield loci, Yield in sands and clays,
Volume change and plastic hardening, Friction
block model, Plastic potential, Normality and
stability.
Critical State Soil Mechanics:Critical state
concept, Behavior of normally and over-
consolidated clays, and loose and dense sands,
Critical state and constant volume, Roscoe and
Hvorslev Surfaces, Stress-dilatancy, Introduction to
the elasto-plastic modeling of soils, Flow Rule,
Hardening Rule, Elasto-plastic constitutive matrix,
Soil Plasticity Models
Introduction to Lade’s double hardening Model
Application of the different constitutive models
using Software
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment -50%, Final Exam -50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Advanced Soil Mechanics, 2008, by B.M. Das.
2. Soil behavior and critical state soil mechanics,
1994, by D.M. Wood.
3. Geotechnical Engineering, 2009, by R. Lancellotta.
4. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 68
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Day, R.A., 1994, How to write and publish a
scientific paper, 4th edition, University press,
Cambridge
2. Montgomery , D.C., 2001, Design and analysis of
experiments, 5th edition, John Willy and Sons,
Newyork
3. Antony, J., 2003, Design of experiment for
P a g e | 69
engineers and scientists, Elsevier, Amsterdam
4. Helsel, D. R., 2002, Statistical methods in water
resources, US Geological Survey
5. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
P a g e | 70
Time history and response spectra
Ground motion characteristics
Prediction of ground motion for design
purposes
Dynamic soil properties
Laboratory and field methods
Dynamic Stress Deformation and Strength
Characteristics of Soils
Dynamic Earth Pressure Problems and Retaining
Walls
Lateral pressures during earthquakes
Effects of earthquakes on slope stability
Earthquake Resistant Design of Geotechnical
Structures
Liquefaction of soils
Introduction
Evaluation of liquefaction
Modeling of liquefaction
Case histories.
Impedance and compliance functions
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment -50%, Final Exam -50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
P a g e | 71
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 72
Depth of Boring
Number of boring
Transportation of Samples To Laboratory For
Testing
Data Presentation
Soil Exploration Report
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Arora, K.R, 1997 “Soil Mechanics and
Foundation Engineering”. Lomus Offset Press,
Delhi.
2. Barnes, G.E. 1995 “Soil Mechanics, Principles
and Practice”. Macmillan Press LTD, London.
3. Bowles, J. E. 1997
“FoundationAnalysisandDesign”. McGraw-Hill,
New York.
4. Chen, Fu Hue (1988),’’Foundation on Expansive
soils’’
5. Craig, R. F. 1986, “Soil Mechanics”. English
Language Book Society/ Van Nostrand Reinhold
(UK).
6. Das, B.M, 1979 “Introduction to Soil
Mechanics” The Iowa state University Press.
7. Das, B.M, 1985. “Advanced Soil Mechanics”.
McGraw-Hill Book, New York.
8. Jumikis, A.R. 1962 “Soil Mechanics” Van
Nostrand, New York.
9. Lambe, T.W, 1951 “Soil Testing For Engineers”,
John Wiley and Sons, New York.
10. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 73
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 74
Physical characteristics of expansive soils
Compressibility characteristics of expansive
soils/relation between load and swelling
Strength characteristics of expansive soils
Permeability
Compaction
Effect of swelling on buildings
Failure of foundations due to expansive soils
Methods of preventing damage from swelling clays
Case history
Advanced Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils
Physical and flow characteristics of unsaturated
soils
Phase and stress state variables
Measurement and control of suction (Methods of
prediction and applications)
Flow laws, seepage and state-dependent soil-water
characteristics
Collapse, swelling, strength and stiffness of
unsaturated soils
Collapse and swelling caused by swelling
Measurement of shear strength and shear behavior
of unsaturated soils
Measurement of shear stiffness
Introduction to the state dependent elasto-plastic
modeling of unsaturated soil
A state-dependent elasto-plastic critical state-based
constitutive model of unsaturated soils
Case history associated with unsaturated soils
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment -50%, Final Exam -50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Expansive Soils, by John D. Nelson and Debora J.
Miller
2. Mechanics of Residual Soils, by Geoffrey E.
Blight
3. Foundation on Expansive soils, FU HUA CHEN
4. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 75
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Course rationale
P a g e | 76
Attendance requirements’ Student shall periodically submit the progress of the
thesis work
Text books and references Depends on the nature of the thesis work
Elective courses:
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Course rationale
P a g e | 78
competences To make students understand about rock mechanics.
to be acquired Outcome:
At the end of the course the students will be able to
analyze mechanics of rocks
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
P a g e | 79
18.4. Hydraulic Engineering
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
CENG6601 Hydrodynamics 3 2 - 3
Course rationale
P a g e | 80
Velocity potential. Euler’s equations. Bernoulli’s
equations.
Flow of a real fluid. Effects of viscosity.
Laminar and turbulent flows. Navies-stokes
equations.
Stratified flows. Boundary layer problems.
Flow nets. Graphical and numerical analysis.
Standard pattern of flow. Superposition.
Conformal transformation.
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Jain, A.K. 2012. Fluid Mechanics: Including
hydraulic machines, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi. (in
AASTU library)
2. Arora, K.R. Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics and
Hydraulic Machines,
3. Potter, M. C. and D. C. Wiggert. 2008. Fluid
mechanics, Schaum’s outline series. McGRAW-HILL
4. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
P a g e | 81
Course objectives and Objective:
competences to understand about applied hydrology
to be acquired Outcome:
students will be able to know about applied hydrology
Course description/content Linear system response function.
Unit hydrographs, instantaneous unit hydrographs.
Synthetic hydrographs, standard hydrographs.
Flood routing. Lumped and distributed flow
routing,
St. Venant equations.
Frequency analysis of extreme events, return
period, risk analysis.
Simulation of hydrological systems, water balance
models, analysis of hydrological time series:
components of a hydrological time series, time
series models: AR, MA, and ARMA models.
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment 50%, Final Exam 50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Chow, VenTe, D.R. Maidment and L.W. Mays
(1988) Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill,
Singapore.
2. Linsley, R.K.,et al.,(1982). Hydrology for
engineers. Third edition, McGraw-Hill.
3. Subramanya, K. (1984). Engineering Hydrology.
Tata McGrawHill Publishing Co.Ltd, New Delhi.
4. Richaed H. McCuen (1989). Hydrologic Analysis
and Design.
5. Prentice Hall, New Jersey Bear, J. and Cheng,
A.H.D., 2010, Modeling Groundwater Flow and
Contaminant Transport (Theory and Applications
of Transport in Porous Media), Springer, New
York
6. Anderson, M.P. and Woessner, W.W., 2002,
Applied Groundwater Modeling: Simulation of
Flow and Advective Transport, AcademicPress,
San Diego, CA
7. Bair, S. and Lahm, T.D., 2006, Practical Problems
in Groundwater Hydrology, Prentice Hall, 168 pp
8. John, R. Allan Freeze and Cherry, Groundwater,
Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood cliffs, New Jersey,
07632.
9. David Keith Todd, Groundwater Hydrology, New
York, John Wiley and Sons.
P a g e | 82
10. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
to be acquired Outcome:
at the end of the course the students will be able to
understand hydraulic structures
Course description/content Design of headwater control structures: spillway
control structures, outlet structures.
Design & analysis of overflow, chute, side channel,
shaft, siphon, tunnel and culvert spillways. Crest
gates: design and analysis.
Design of outlet works: conveyance, intake
structures, gates and valves, terminal structures,
entrance and outlet channels.
Scour protection and energy dissipation: hydraulic
pump, stilling basins and stilling chambers.
Design and Hydraulics of Dams, Appurtenant
structures, Hydraulic structure for irrigation. Low
head earth dams and reservoirs. Weirs, intakes and
outlet works.
Canal regulation structure: water and sediment
control. Cross drainage structures.
Irrigation pumping stations: types, intakes,
powerhouse, pump and motor.
P a g e | 83
Pressure pipes and outlet works Distribution:
channels, flumes, and siphons control gates.
Irrigation network layout. Modern distribution
equipment
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment 50%, Final Exam 50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Fluid mechanics, 9th ed, Streeter, Wylie, Bedford
2. Hydraulics in civil Engineering, Andrew Chadwick
& John Morfett
3. Introduction to fluid mechanics, 3rd ed. Robert W.
Fox, Allan T,Mc Donald
4. Fluid mechanics for civil Engineering, S, I. Ed
5. Flow in open Channels, K. Subramaya 1997
6. Open Channel Hydraulics, Chow, V.T.
7. Hydraulic Engineering systems, NHC Hwang & C.
E Hita
8. Fluid Mechanics V. L. Streeter, E. B Wylie & K.
W. Bedford 1998
9. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics (Schaum’s Outline
Series)
10. Fluid Mechanics, Joseph B. Fanzine,1997
11. Fluid Mechanics, Donald F. Young, Bruce R.
Munson
12. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 84
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 85
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment 50%, Final Exam 50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Course rationale
P a g e | 86
Introduction to water resources planning.
• Identification and evaluation of water
management plans: water resources planning
objectives, cost-benefit objectives, multi-objectives,
plan formation, planning models and solution
procedures, objective functions and constraint equation,
optimizations methods.
• Water resources planning under uncertainty:
Probability concepts and their use in water resources
planning.
• Application of systems analysis to water
resources: deterministic river basin modeling: stream
flow estimation, estimation reservoir storage
requirement for water supply, flood control aspects, HP
production, withdrawals and diversions.
• Synthetic Stream flow Generation: statistical
stream flow generation models, ARMA models and
their application in water resources management.
Introduction to River basin modeling and management:
river basins models, decision support system (DSS),
and concepts of sustainability, environmental impacts
and their assessment.
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Jain, S. K.; Singh, V. P. (2003): Water resources
systems planning and management. 1st.
Amsterdam, Boston: Elsevier
2. Karamouz, Mohammad; Szidarovszky, Ferenc;
Zahraie, Banafsheh (2003): Water resources
systems analysis. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis
Publishers.
3. Loucks, Daniel P.; van Beek, Eelco; Stedinger,
Jery R.; Dijkman,Jozef P. M.; Villars, Monique T.
(2005): Water resources systemsplanning and
management. An introduction to methods,
modelsand applications. Paris: UNESCO.
4. Simonović, Slobodan P. (2009): Managing water
resources.Methods and tools for a systems
approach. Paris, London:UNESCO; Earthscan.
5. S. Vedula and P.P. Mujumdar (2006). Water
P a g e | 87
resources systems:Modeling techniques and
analysis. McGraw Hill. New Delhi.
6. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
P a g e | 88
lab.
Course rationale
P a g e | 89
understand scientific methods of writing
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Day, R.A., 1994, How to write and publish a
scientific paper, 4th edition, University press,
Cambridge
2. Montgomery , D.C., 2001, Design and analysis of
experiments, 5th edition, John Willy and Sons,
Newyork
3. Antony, J., 2003, Design of experiment for
engineers and scientists, Elsevier, Amsterdam
4. Helsel, D. R., 2002, Statistical methods in water
resources, US Geological Survey
5. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 90
Pre-requisites course(s) None
Course rationale
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Novak, Moffat, Nalluri & Narayanan ( 1996)
Hydraulic Structures, 2nd Ed. Chapman & Hall
2. Davis & Sorrensen, Hand Book of Hydraulics, 3rd
Ed. 1984 Reissue
2. Thomas (1979) The Engineering of Large Dams,
Parts 1 & 2, John Willey and Sons, London
3. USBR, Design of Gravity Dams, US Government
Printing Office Denver 1977
5. USBR, Design of Small Dams, A Water Resource
Technical Publication, 19746. Robin Fell, Patrick
6. MacGregor, Geotechnical Engineering of
Embankment Dams, 1992
7. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 91
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Course rationale
P a g e | 92
thesis work
Text books and references Depends on the nature of the thesis work
Electives:
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Willies D. W., (1997), Manual of Applied Field
Hydrogeology, McGrawhill
2. Domenico, P.A. & Schwartz, W., 1998. Physical
and Chemical Hydrogeology Second Edition, Wiley
3. Driscoll, Fletcher, 1986. Groundwater and Wells,
US Filter / Johnson Screens.
4. Freeze, R.A. & Cherry, J.A., 1979. Groundwater,
Prentice-Hall.
5. De Marsily, G., 1986. Quantitative Hydrogeology:
Groundwater Hydrology for Engineers,
6. Anderson, Mary P. &Woessner, William W., 1992
Applied Groundwater Modeling, Academic Press.
7. Chiang, W.-H., Kinzelbach, W., Rausch, R. (1998):
Aquifer Simulation Model for Windows -
Groundwater flow and transport modeling, an
integrated program. - 137 p., 115 fig., 2 tab., 1 CD-
ROM; Berlin, Stuttgart (Borntraeger).
8. Elango, L and Jayakumar, R (Eds.)(2001)
Modelling in Hydrogeology, UNESCO-IHP
Publication, Allied Publ., Chennai,
9. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 94
Class year/semester 2nd Year I semester
P a g e | 95
essays, seminars, presentations, practical reports. Final
Exam (50%).
Course rationale
P a g e | 96
composite structures and fracture mechanics.
P a g e | 97
3. Boresi, A. P. & Schmidt, R. J: (2003). Advanced
mechanics of materials.
4. Sadd, M. H. (2009). Elasticity: theory, applications,
and numerics. Academic Press.
5. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
P a g e | 98
Application to 2D and 3D elements; Convergence.
Formulation of Iso parametric Elements:
Continuum elements; Numerical integration;
Introduction To Plate And Shell Element
Formulations
P a g e | 99
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 100
Response to vibration generators; Natural frequency
and damping from harmonic tests.
Vibration Isolation: Response and force
transmission; Vibration measuring devices.
Response to Periodic Excitations: Response to
arbitrary, step and pulse excitation; Response to
unit impulse,arbitrary time varying force, step and
ramp force, pulse excitations.
Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response:
Time stepping methods, Methods based on
interpolation of excitations, Central difference
methods, New mark's method, Stability of error and
computational error,
Analysis of Non-Linear Response: Generalized
SDOF Systems, Rigid-body assemblage, Systems
with distributed mass and elasticity, Lumped-mass
system - shear building, Natural vibration frequency
using Rayleigh Method
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recommended model damping rations, Construction
of damping matrix.
Dynamic Response of Linear Systems: Two
degree-of-freedom systems, Nodal analysis of
MDOF systems, Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic
Response, Time stepping methods for linear
systems, Analysis of nonlinear systems.
Systems with Distributed Mass & Elasticity:
Equation of motion, Natural vibration frequency
and modes, Modal analysis of forced dynamic
response.
Introduction to the Finite Element Method:
Rayleigh-Ritz method,
Finite element approximation,Comparison of finite
element and exact solution
P a g e | 102
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
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connectors; Moment strength of fully composite
sections; Composite beams; Composite columns.
Text books and references 1. Salmon, C. G., & Johnson, J. E. (2009). Steel
structures: design and behavior: emphasizing
load and resistance factor design. Prentice Hall.
2. Williams, A. (2011). Steel Structures Design
ASD/LRFD. McGraw-Hill.
3. Wong, M. B. (2011). Plastic analysis and design
of steel structures. Butterworth-Heinemann.
4. MacCormac, J. C. (1995). Structural steel design:
LFRD method. Harper & Row.
5. Journal and proceeding articles
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Pre-requisites course(s) None
Course rationale
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stiffness ratio on response, How many modes are
significant to the total response, Earthquake
response of linearly inelastic buildings, Allowable
ductility and ductility demand, Buildings with soft
story.
Earthquake response of soil-structure systems:
Dynamic analysis of soil-structure systems,
Influence of local soils (site effects), Liquefaction
of soils, Soil models for dynamic analysis, Soil-
structure interaction (SSI) analysis. Base Isolation
and Structural Controls, Base isolation systems,
Effectiveness of base isolation, Structural
control/Energy dissipative devices, Passive
controls, Active controls, Hybrid controls/Semi-
active controls.
Structural dynamics in Building codes: Building
codes and structural dynamics,UBC 94 / IBC
2003,EC 8, EBCS 8.
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Attendance requirements’ 85% for lecture and 100% for tutorial
Course rationale
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Styles of thesis and scientific paper writing,
including paper organization, style, grammar and
appearance in addition to technical content;
Text books and references 1. Day, R.A., 1994, How to write and publish a
scientific paper, 4th edition, University press,
Cambridge
2. Montgomery , D.C., 2001, Design and analysis
of experiments, 5th edition, John Willy and
Sons, Newyork
3. Antony, J., 2003, Design of experiment for
engineers and scientists, Elsevier, Amsterdam
4. Helsel, D. R., 2002, Statistical methods in water
resources, US Geological Survey
Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
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Course objectives and To provide students with an in-depth understanding of
the mechanics and design of reinforced concrete
competences
structures. Design procedures are based on the Building
to be acquired Code Requirements for Structural Concrete published
by the Ethiopian Building Code of Standards. The
mechanics underlying the code design equations are
explained as well as their application to practical design
problems.
Course description/content Structural Concrete Material Properties: stress-
strain curves; Strength under uniaxial and
multiaxial loads; Time dependent properties;
Properties of concrete under extreme temperature
Deformation of RC Memebers
Discontinuity regions and strut-and-tie models
Columns- 2nd order moments in sway and non-
sway frames
Strain Compatibility: Analysis of complex
sections; Moment curvature relationships,
Deformation of RC members
Analysis and design of Two-way Slabs:
Equivalent Frame Method (EFM)
Text books and references 1. MacGregor, J. G., Wight, J. K., Teng, S.,
&Irawan, P. (1997). Reinforced concrete:
Mechanics and design (Vol. 3). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2. Wright, J. K. (2011). Reinforced concrete:
mechanics and design .
3. Paulay, T., & Priestley, M. N. (1992). Seismic
design of reinforced concrete and masonry
buildings.
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4. Maekawa, K., Okamura, H., &Pimanmas, A.
(2003). Non-linear mechanics of reinforced
concrete. CRC Press.
5. Mosley, W. H., Hulse, R., &Bungey, J. H.
(2012). Reinforced concrete design: to Eurocode 2.
Palgrave Macmillan.
6. Journal and proceeding articles
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Course rationale
Course objectives and Objective: The Master thesis research project enables
the student to undertake research problem in structural
competences engineering and make relevant application of the
to be acquired mastery of knowledge he gained to the specific
research problem.
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research assisted by his/her course tutor.The thesis
work is undertaken independently by the student in
which he is required to demonstrate the breadth and
depth of advanced knowledge he/she gained, the ability
to systematically tackle research problems and produce
thesis of publishable standard.
Text books and references Depends on the nature of the thesis work
Electives
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 111
(Material selection);
Loading: types of load. Bridge Deck Loading
and Analysis
Dynamic Analysis of Bridge
Super Structure Design:Design of Box girder
concrete bridge; Curved and Skew Bridges; Design
of Bearings and Joints.
Introduction to computer Programs and
software for bridge design
Bridge Detailing: Concrete Bridges (Slab, Deck
slab girder, Box girder and subways & culverts);
Bridge Management: Bridge Inspection,
Evaluation and assessment of existing bridges,
Non-destructive tests for steel bridges, Maintenance
of Bridges;
Substructures: End supports – Abutments, wing
walls & slopes, Intermediate supports- Piers,
Bearings, access and drainage to bearings,
Retaining Walls – RC stem, drainage in RWs,
Gravity walls, Reinforced soil wall;
Text books and references 1. Barker, Richard M., and Jay A. Puckett. Design of
highway bridges: An LRFD approach. John Wiley
& Sons, 2013.
2. Chen, Wai-Fah, and Lian Duan, eds. Bridge
Engineering Handbook: Construction and
Maintenance. CRC press, 2014.
3. AASHTO 2007 Specifications
4. ERA 2002 Manuals
5. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 112
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
Course objectives and After completing this course, the student should be
competences able to:
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Section Analysis: Analysis of Members under
Axial Load; Analysis of Member under Flexure
Serviceabilty Limit State: Cracking moment , kern
point , pressure line; Magnel diagram’ Ultimate
limit State; Partially prestressed Section; Magnel
graphical method
Design of Members: Design of Axial Members;
Design of Sections for Flexure - Preliminary
Design; Design of Sections for Flexure-Fully and
partially prestressed members; Detailing
Requirements for Flexure
Analysis and Design for Shear and Torsion:
Analysis for Shear; Design for Shear; Analysis for
Torsion; Design for Torsion; Detailing
Requirement for Shear and Torsion
Calculations of Deflection and Crack Width:
Calculation of total deflection; Limit of Span to
Depth Ratio; Calculation of Crack Width
Transmission of Prestress: Pretensioned -
Development Length; Post tensioned - Design of
End Zone;
Composite Sections: Type of Composite
construction (shored and unshored ), Loading
Stages, flexural strength, Modified magnel diagram
for composite sections,Horizontal shear
transfer,shear and diagonal tension
Cantilever and Continuous Beams: Cantilever
Beams, Anaysis,Determination of Cable Zone,
tendon profile; Continuous Beam Moment due to
eccentricity and reaction; Principle of Linear
Transformation, Equivalent load analysis,
Concordant Tendon Profile, Tendon Profiles,
Partially Continuous Beams, Analysis for Ultimate
P a g e | 114
Strength, Moment Redistribution
P a g e | 115
Class year/semester 1st Year I semester or 2nd Year I semester
Course rationale
P a g e | 116
Discontinuities in members
Text books and references 1. Weaver, W., & Gere, J. M. (1990). Matrix
Analysis Framed Structures. Springer Science
& Business Media.
2. McGuire, W., Gallagher, R. H., &Ziemian, R. D.
(2000). Matrix structural analysis.
3. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
P a g e | 117
Design of masonry beams
Colums
Design of Walls: shear walls, retaining walls,
subterranean walls
Design of joints
P a g e | 118
Course rationale
P a g e | 119
quality, soil and groundwater flow and
contamination)
- Dispersion in the environment
- Lumped and distributed parameter models
- Model case studies
Water Quality Management:
- Sanitary survey and protection of water sources
- Environmental pollution control parameters
(legislation and legal requirements)
- Water quality monitoring
- River and lake water quality management
- Groundwater pollution cases and quality
management
- Management of point and non-point sources of
pollution
- Household level water quality improvement
- Operational water quality management at treatment
plant and distribution system
- Management of corrosion and biofouling
Management of leachates from landfill
Text books and references 1. APHA, standard methods for water and wastewater
analysis
2. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 120
Class year/semester 1st Year I semester
Course rationale
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Evaluation of groundwater resource: safe yield,
recharge area, groundwater reservoir management.
Text books and references 1. Chow, VenTe, D.R. Maidment and L.W. Mays
(1988) Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill,
Singapore.
2. Linsley, R.K.,et al.,(1982). Hydrology for
engineers. Third edition, McGraw-Hill.
3. Subramanya, K. (1984). Engineering Hydrology.
Tata McGrawHill Publishing Co.Ltd, New Delhi.
4. Richaed H. McCuen (1989). Hydrologic Analysis
and Design.
5. Prentice Hall, New Jersey Bear, J. and Cheng,
A.H.D., 2010, Modeling Groundwater Flow and
Contaminant Transport (Theory and Applications
of Transport in Porous Media), Springer, New
York
6. Anderson, M.P. and Woessner, W.W., 2002,
Applied Groundwater Modeling: Simulation of
Flow and Advective Transport, AcademicPress,
San Diego, CA
7. Bair, S. and Lahm, T.D., 2006, Practical Problems
in Groundwater Hydrology, Prentice Hall, 168 pp
8. John, R. Allan Freeze and Cherry, Groundwater,
Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood cliffs, New Jersey,
07632.
9. David Keith Todd, Groundwater Hydrology, New
York, John Wiley and Sons.
10. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 122
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 123
Modeling of Sewerage and Urban Drainage System
(SewerCAD V8i and SWMM 5)
P a g e | 124
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 125
auxiliary equipment.
Water hammer analysis
Network construction: pipe laying, testing and
disinfection.
Water distribution system modeling
Text books and references 1. Bauman, D.D., Boland, J.J., Hanemann, W.M.
1998. Urban Water Demand Management and
Planning, McGraw-Hill.
2. Bhave, P.R. 1991. Analysis of Flow in Water
Distribution Networks. Technomic Publishing
Co. Inc.
3. Brandon, T.W. 1984. Water Distribution Systems.
The Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists.
4. Holzenberger, K., Jung, K. 1990. Centrifugal
Pump - Lexicon, 3rd edition. KSB.
5. Huben von, H. 1996. Water Transmission and
Distribution. AWWA.
6. Mays, L.W.1999. Water Distribution Systems
Handbook. McGraw-Hill.
7. Sanks, R.L.1998. Pumping Station Design.
Butterworth-Heinemann.
8. Haestad Methods (Author), Donald V. Chase
(Author), Dragan A. Savic (Author), Thomas M.
Walski (Author). Water Distribution Modeling.
9. Trifunovic, N. 2006. Introduction to Urban Water
Distribution. UNESCO-IHE Lecture Note Series.
Taylor & Francis.
10. Journal and proceeding articles
P a g e | 126
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 127
level
Hydraulics of water treatment plants
Water treatment plant design
Text books and references 1. Water Sources: Principles and Practices of Water
Supply Operations Volume 1 4th Edition, by Paul
Koch
2. Water and Waste Water Engineering Vols. I and II
by Fair, Geyer and Okun
3. Water Treatment Plant Design by K.L. Sanks
4. Surface Water Treatment for Communities in
Developing Countries by R.C. Schulz and D.A.
Okun
5. Process Chemistry for Water and Wastewater by
L.D. Benefield
6. Chemistry of Water treatment by S.D. Faust and
M.A. Morgan
7. Chemistry and Unit Operations in Water Treatment
by D. Barnes and F. Wilson
8. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
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Course objectives and Objective:
competences On completion of this course students will able to:
P a g e | 129
Text books and references 1. Jain, S. K.; Singh, V. P. (2003): Water resources
systems planning and management. 1st.
Amsterdam, Boston: Elsevier
2. Karamouz, Mohammad; Szidarovszky, Ferenc;
Zahraie, Banafsheh (2003): Water resources
systems analysis. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis
Publishers.
3. Loucks, Daniel P.; van Beek, Eelco; Stedinger,
Jery R.; Dijkman,Jozef P. M.; Villars, Monique T.
(2005): Water resources systemsplanning and
management. An introduction to methods,
modelsand applications. Paris: UNESCO.
4. Simonović, Slobodan P. (2009): Managing water
resources.Methods and tools for a systems
approach. Paris, London:UNESCO; Earthscan.
5. S. Vedula and P.P. Mujumdar (2006). Water
resources systems:Modeling techniques and
analysis. McGraw Hill. New Delhi.
6. Journal and proceeding articles
Course rationale
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They will be able to design experiments, choose and
apply survey methodology for a particular research
objective, formulate research questions, be able to use
research support tools, be aware of issues involved in
dissertation and research proposal work. Conduct a
study on a topic related to water supply and sanitation
and present on a seminar.
Course description/content Scientific Research Concept
Scientific Research Process
Ethics in research
Research design strategies
Samplingand measurement
Secondary data
Survey methods
Respondent communication
Experimentation
Hypothesis testing
Multivariate analysis
Research citation
Water supply and sanitation seminar(document and
presentation)
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Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 132
Transfer and transport, Disposal of solid waste and
residual matter, separation, transformation, and
recycling of waste materials, Materials separation
and processing technologies, Thermal conversion
technologies, Biological and chemical conversion
technologies, Recycling of materials found in
municipal solid waste. Sanitary landfill design,
closure of landfills, restoration and rehabilitation
of landfills. Remedial actions at inactive waste
disposal sites
P a g e | 133
Management”, McGraw Hill Publication, 1995.
8. Journal and proceeding articles
CENG7909 Thesis 6
Course rationale
Course objectives and Objective: The Master thesis research project enables
the student to undertake research problem in water
competences supply and sanitary engineering and make relevant
to be acquired application of the mastery of knowledge he gained to
the specific research problem.
P a g e | 134
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Thesis report, presentation and defense
Text books and references Depends on the nature of the thesis work
Elective courses:
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 135
coefficient, equilibrium and non-equilibrium
hydraulics of wells, radius of influence, maximum
and specific capacity, and interference between
wells and aquifer boundaries.
Pumping test and estimation of aquifer parameters.
Evaluation of groundwater resource: safe yield,
recharge area, groundwater reservoir management.
Assessment/Evaluation modalities Continuous Assessment 50%, Final Exam 50%
Attendance requirements’ Minimum of 85% during lectures & tutorials and 100%
lab.
Text books and references 1. Willies D. W., (1997), Manual of Applied Field
Hydrogeology, McGrawhill
P a g e | 136
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Course rationale
P a g e | 137
Design of water supply network inside buildings
Fittings and materials used in water supply systems
Hydraulic calculations of water supply installations
Installations of fire protection
Elements of sanitary installations. Classification
and characteristics of sanitary installations –
elements and facility layout
Designing and dimensioning of sanitary lines and
appliances
Installation drawings
Maintenance and repairs to plumbing systems
Project on layout design of sanitary facilities
Modeling of sanitary installation using FINE-SANI
Operation and maintenance requirements and
concepts
periodic monitoring of system components
regular & irregular water supply system
unaccounted-for water definition, structure &
survey
leak detection methods
network cleaning and rehabilitation procedures
water demand management measures
operation and maintenance of disinfection
system
Operational and maintenance problems, planning,
organizing and controlling of water and wastewater
treatment plant operations
Water and sanitation safety planning
Best practical examples
Text books and references 1. Panchdhari A. C.; Water Supply and Sanitary
Installation: Design, Construction and Maintenance,
2nd Edition, 2005.
2. American Society of Plumbing Engineers;
“Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook, Vol. 2
3. A. F. E. Wise & J. A Swaffield. Water, Sanitary
and Waste Services for Buildings; 5th edition.
Routledge, London and New York. 2002.
4. Keith Moss, KeithJ Moss; Heating and Water
Services Design in Buildings; Routledge, N.Y.,
2003
5. Smith, L.A., Fields, K.A., Chen, A.S.C., Tafuri,
A.N. 2000. Options for Leak and Break Detection
and Repair for Drinking Water Systems. Battelle
Press.
P a g e | 138
6. JeV. Z. Introduction to Operation and Maintenance
of Water Distribution Systems. 2014
7. Operation and maintenance of urban water supply
and sanitation systems: A guide for managers.
WHO Geneva, 1994.
8. Stuart H. and Bambos C. Leak Detection:
Technology and Implementation. IWA, 2013.
9. Journal and proceeding articles
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