Lecture1 Page 1 of 15

sin(0)=0 cos(0)=1

sin(90)=1 sin(-90)= -1 cos(90)=0 cos(-90)=0

sin(180)=0

cos(180)= -1

Ex.3.1 Find polar coordinates if (x, y)=(-3.50, -2.50)

Convert (r, )=(5.00m, 37.0) to rectangular coordinates

Lecture1 Page 2 of 15

Ex.1.10 How high is the building?

Lecture1 Page 3 of 15

Ex1.11 Around Trip by air. An airplane travels 4.50x102 km due to east and then travels an unknown distance due to north. Finally, it returns to its starting point by traveling a distance of 525 km. how far did the plane travel in the northerly direction?

VECTORS VECTOR is a quantity that : a) has both a magnitude and a direction b) obey to the rules of vectors addition and subtraction.

Lecture1 Page 4 of 15

Lecture1 Page 5 of 15

Thus, adding - has the effect of subtracting difference between two vectors:

. We use this property to define the

As in the usual algebra, we can move a term that includes a vector symbol from one side of a vector equation to the other, but we must change its sign.

same vectors

Lecture1 Page 6 of 15

COMPONENTS OF VECTORS

A component of a vector is the projection of the vector on an axis. The process of finding the components of a vector is called resolving the vector

a x i =ax, a y f a y i =ay Ex.1A small airplane leaves an airport on an overcast day and is later sighted 215 km away, in a direction making an angle of 22 east of north. How far east and north is the airplane from the airport when sighted?
axf

Lecture1 Page 7 of 15

= 68 (= 90 - 22):

Thus, the airplane is 81 km east and 199 km north of the airport

Unit Vectors A unit vector is a vector that has a magnitude of exactly 1 and points in a particular direction.

Lecture1 Page 8 of 15

Unit vectors

, and

define the directions of a right-handed coordinate system.

Adding vectors by components

Subtracting

Lecture1 Page 9 of 15

Ex. 3.3 The sum of two vectors

or for counterclockwise from positive x axis EX. 3.4 A particle undergoes three displacements :

Lecture1 Page 10 of 15

Find the components of the resultant displacement and its magnitude.

Ex.3.5 A hiker begins a trip by first walking 25.0 km southeast from camp, after 40.0 km in a direction 60.0 north of east and discover tower. a) find components of first and second displacement. b)Find total displacement C) find magnitude and direction of the displacement .

Lecture1 Page 11 of 15

b)

C)

VECTORS AND THE LAWS OF PHYSICS

Lecture1 Page 12 of 15

Multiplying a Vector by a Scalar

If we multiply a vector

by a scalar s, we get a new vector. Its magnitude is the

product of the magnitude of direction of

and the absolute value of s. Its direction is the

if s is positive, but the opposite direction if s is negative. To divide by 1/s.

by s, we multiply

Lecture1 Page 13 of 15

Lecture1 Page 14 of 15

Order of Magnitude Pennies in the Sears Tower How many pennies can fill the Sears Tower? First figure the volume of the tower, and penny and then figure out how many pennies could fill that volume each city block is about 250 feet or about 80 m. Tower has about 110 storier, each

Lecture1 Page 15 of 15 story having a height of about 15 feet or 5 m. Total height is about 500m
volume ( length )x( width) x( height )

= ( 80m) ( 80m) ( 500m)= 3.2x106 m3 A penny is shaped like a squat cylinder having diameter af 1 cm and height 1/10 cm penny volume= d2h = ( 0.01m) 2 ( 0.001 )= 7.8x10 8 m3 m 4 4 = 8x10 8 m3
3.2 10 m 8 10
6 3 8 3 13

= 4 10

=Numbers of pennies=volume/penny volume

Dimensional Analysis What is the dimension of velocity?

v := T = LT t What is the dimension of acceleration?
v := a := v x

a := t

LT

2 = LT

A physicist determines that the acceleration of an object moving in a circle depends only on the object's velocity v and the radius r of the circle in which the object travels. Determine the functional relationship between a, v, r,using dimentional analysis.
a := v r a := L
x y

a :=
x

L T

x y 2 = v r =

L T

L a := L y 2 = L x=2 2 = 2 T T T T
L T
2

2+ y

y= -1

We got formula a :=

v r

2 1