(1). The vertical component of a vector is equal to its horizontal component.

What is the angle made by the vector with x – axis?

Ans: Let A be any vector it makes an 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ X-axis and it is shown in
the following figure.

Therefore 𝐴 sin θ = 𝐴 cos θ

sin θ = cos θ

=1

Tan θ = 1

θ = 45°

(2). A vector 𝑉 makes an angle θ with the horizontal. The vector is rotated
through an angle α. Does this rotation change the vector 𝑣̅ ?
Ans: Magnitude of the vector = V
Let the initial angle with Horizontal axis = 𝜃
Angle of rotation = α
So new angle with Horizontal axis = α + 𝜃
Now Horizontal Component = Vx = V Cos (α + 𝜃)
Vertical Component = Vy = V Sin (α + 𝜃)
Magnitude of the Vector = 𝑣 + 𝑣
= (𝑉𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝛼 + 𝜃)) + (𝑉𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝜃))
=V
So rotating the vector does not change its magnitude

(3). Two forces of magnitudes 3 units and 5 units act at 600 with each other.
What is the magnitude of their resultant?
Ans: Given 𝑃 = 3; 𝑄 = 5; 𝜃 = 60°
∴ R = 𝑃 + 𝑄 + 2𝑃𝑄 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 3 + 5 + 2(3)(5)𝐶𝑜𝑠60
= 9 + 25 + 2(3)(5)( )
= √49 = 7
R = 7 units

(4). 𝐴 = 𝚤̅ + 𝚥̅ What is the angle between the vector and x – axis?

ANS : Given 𝐴 = 𝚤̅ + 𝚥̅

Compare with 𝐴 = 𝐴 𝚤̅ + 𝐴 𝚥̅

∴ 𝐴 = 1; 𝐴 = 1

tan 𝜃 = =1

1 = tan 45°

θ = 45°

(5). When two right angled vectors of magnitudes 7 units and 24 units combine,
what is the magnitude of their resultant?
Ans: Given P = 7; Q = 24; 𝜃 = 90°
According to parallelogram law of vectors

∴ R = 𝑃 + 𝑄 + 2𝑃𝑄 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 7 + 24 + 2(7)(24)𝐶𝑜𝑠90

= 49 + 576 + 2(7)(24)(0)

R = = √625 = 25 units

(6). If 𝑃 = 2𝚤̅ + 4𝚥̅ + 14𝑘 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑄 = 4𝚤̅ + 4𝚥̅ + 10𝑘, find the magnitude of 𝑃 + 𝑄 ?

ANS : Given, 𝑃 = 2𝚤̅ + 4𝚥̅ + 14𝑘 and 𝑄 = 4𝚤̅ + 4𝚥̅ + 10𝑘

∴ 𝑃 + 𝑄 = (2𝚤̅ + 4𝚥̅ + 14𝑘) +( 4𝚤̅ + 4𝚥̅ + 10𝑘)

𝑃 + 𝑄 = (2 + 4)𝚤̅ + (4 + 4)𝚥̅ + (14 + 10)𝑘

𝑃 + 𝑄 = 6𝚤̅ + 8𝚥̅ + 24𝑘

Magnitude of 𝑃 + 𝑄 = |𝑃 + 𝑄 | = √6 + 8 + 24 = √36 + 64 + 576

=√676 = 26
 Magnitude of 𝑃 + 𝑄 = 26 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

(7) At a depth of 1000 m in an ocean (a) what is the absolute pressure? (b) What
is the Gauge Pressure (c). Find the force acting on the window of area
20cmX20cm of a substance at this depth, the interior of which is maintained at
sea level atmospheric pressure ( The density of sea water is 1.03x105 kg m-3, g =
10 m s-2)
Ans : Here h = 1000 m and 𝜌 = 1.03 × 10 𝑘𝑔/𝑚

(a). Absolute Pressure = P = P0 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ =1.01× 10 Pa + 1.03 × 10 ×

10 × 1000

= P = 104.01× 10 Pa = 104 atm

(b). Gauge Pressure Pg = P – P0 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ = 1.03 × 10 × 10 × 1000 =

103× 10 Pa = 103 atm

(c). The area of the window is 20 cm X 20 cm = 0.04 m2

Inside Pressure is Sea level atmospheric pressure = P0 hence the

pressure acting on the window is Gauge pressure.

Pressure = 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 × 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =

103× 10 × 0.04 = 4.12× 10 Newtons

(8). What is the pressure on a swimmer 10m below the surface of the lake?

Ans: Here h = 10m and 𝜌 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/m3 and consider g = 10 m/s2

P = P0 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ =1.01× 10 Pa + 10 × 10 × 10

P = 1.01× 10 + 10 = 1.01× 10 Pa = 2 atm

Short Answer Questions

(1). A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5Km away
with speed of 5Km/Hour. Finding the market closed, he instantly turns and
walks back home with a speed of 7.5km/hour. What is the (a) Magnitude of
average velocity and (b) average speed of the man over the time interval 0 to 50
minutes?
Ans: From home to market:
X1 = 2.5 km; v1 = 5 km h-1
.
t1 = = /
= ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 = 30 min.
From market to home:
X2 = 2.5 km; v2 = 7.5 km h-1
.
t2 = = . /
= ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 = 20 min.
a) Magnitude of average velocity
. .
= = =0
b) Average speed
. .
= = = = 6 km h-1

(2) A car travels the first third of a distance with speed of 10kmph, the second
third at 20kmph and the last third at 60kmph. What is its mean speed over the
entire distance?
Ans: Answer: Let the total distance travelled by the car is “d”
Given v1 = 10 km/h, v2 = 20 km/h, v3 = 60 km/h
Let the mean speed of the car be “v”
⁄
The time taken to cover the first one third distance = 𝑡 = = = ------(1)

⁄
The time taken to cover the Second third distance = 𝑡 = = = ------(2)

⁄
The time taken to cover the last third distance = 𝑡 = = = ------(2)
mean speed of the car be 𝑣 = = = = = 18
kmph
∴ v = 18 kmph

(3). A bullet moving with s speed of 150m/sec strikes a tree a penetrates 3.5cm
before stopping. What is the magnitude of its retardation in the tree and the time
taken for it to stop after striking the tree?
Ans: Answer: Let u = 150 m/s, s = 3.5 cm = 0.035 m, v = 0
we know that v2 – u2 = 2as
0 – 1502 = 2 × a × 0.035

-2.25x104 = 0.07 a

. ×
a= .
m/s2 = -3.214 × 105 m/s2
 we know that v = u + at here u = 150 m/sec v = 0 m/sec a = -3.214 ×
105 m/s2
0 = 150 - 3.214 × 105 t

𝑡= . ×

Time = 4.67 × 10 -4 sec.

(4). Find the Centre of mass of three particles at the vertices of an equilateral
triangle. The masses of the particles are 100g, 150g, and 200g respectively.
Each side of the equilateral triangle is 0.5m long.

Ans: Given that m1=100grams m2=150grams and m3=200g

Length of the side of a equilateral triangle = 0.5 m = 50 cm
Let us consider the m1 is located at origin then its coordinates are (0,0) , m2 is located at 0.5m along
the X-axis hence coordinates are (0.5,0) third mass m3 is located at (0.25, 0.25 ) as per Geometry and
the respective masses distribution on the equilateral triangle is shown in the following figure.

Now, according to diagram Center of mass coordinates

XCM =
× × . × .
XCM =
XCM =
XCM = = m XCM =0.28 m
Now,
YCM =
× × × . √
YCM =
√
YCM =
√ √
YCM = = m YCM =0.192 m
 Ycm=0.2m
Hence, the center of mass of three particles at the vertices of an equilateral triangle is Xcm
=0.28m and Ycm=0.2m respectively

(5). The angular sped of a motor wheel is increased from 1200 rpm to 3120
rpm in 16 seconds. (i) What is its angular acceleration, assuming the
acceleration to be uniform? (ii) How many revolutions does the engine make
during this time?
Ans: Given initial angular speed
/
𝜔 = 1200 𝑟𝑝𝑚 = 2𝜋 × = 2𝜋 ×
/
= 40𝜋 rad/sec

Similarly 𝜔 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 2𝜋 × = 104𝜋

Angular Acceleration =
= = 4𝜋 rad/ Sec2

Angular acceleration = 4𝜋 rad/ Sec2

The angular displacement in time t is given by 𝜃 = 𝜔 𝑡 + 𝛼𝑡

𝜃 = 40𝜋 × 16 + × 4𝜋 × (16) =
640 𝜋 + 512 𝜋 = 1152 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑

Number of revolutions = = 576

(6). Find the Torque of a force 7𝚤̅ + 3 𝚥̅ − 5𝑘 about origin. The force acts on a
particle whose position vector is 𝚤̅ − 𝚥̅ + 𝑘 .
Ans: Here 𝑟̅ = 𝚤̂ − 𝚥 + 𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹 = 7𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ − 5𝑘
The value of the Torque (𝜏̅) = 𝑟̅ × 𝐹
𝚤̂ 𝚥̂ 𝑘
The determinant method gives Torque (𝜏̅) = 1 −1 1 = 𝚤̂ (5 − 3) −
7 3 −5
𝚥̂(−5 − 7) + 𝑘 (3 + 7)
Torque (𝜏̅) = 2 𝚤̂ + 12 𝚥̂ + 10 𝑘