TRAINING MODULE 1

Food and Nutrition Entrepreneurship

Dr. Mian Kamran Sharif
Associate Professor
National Institute of Food Science and Technology
 × Concept and need of food
entrepreneurship
× Factors effecting entrepreneurship
× Entrepreneurship opportunities in Pakistan
Roadmap × Government policies and schemes
× SMEs, export & import policies and
public private partnerships
 • It is derived from a French word
“entreprendre” which means “to
undertake.”
• Person who sets up a business or
Who are businesses, taking on financial risks in
Entrepreneurs? the hope of profit
• Pursuing opportunities by changing,
revolutionizing or introducing new
products and services
Entrepreneurship
The ability to bear risk of establishing a new enterprises, its direction, controlling,
bring changes and innovation, creativity, taking correct actions
According to Howard Johnson, it’s a composit of three basic elements
• Invention
• Innovation
• Adaptation
Concept of Food Entrepreneurship
• Covers the basic knowledge necessary to develop a food
product, restaurant/food retail businesses, and other
miscellaneous food related endeavors from the initial
idea through early growth.
• Source of new ideas or innovators, and bring new ideas
in the market by replacing old with a new invention
Characteristics
Risk bearing capacity
• Starting any new venture involves a considerable amount of failure risk
• Needs to be courageous and able to evaluate and take risks, which is an
essential part of being an entrepreneur
Ability to innovate
• Highly innovative to generate new ideas, start a company and earn profits out
of it
• Change can be the launching of a new product that is new to the market or a
process that does the same thing but in a more efficient and economical way
Visionary and leadership quality
• To be successful, the entrepreneur should have a clear vision of his new
venture
• To turn the idea into reality, a lot of resources and employees are required. So,
leadership quality is important because leaders impart and guide their
employees towards the right path of success
Flexible and open-minded
• Flexible and open to change according to the situation
• To be on the top, a businessperson should be equipped to embrace change in a
product and service, as and when needed
Based on principles and not on intuition
• Not on trial and error
• Economics, management, sociology, psychological principles
Know your product
• A company owner should know the product offerings and also be aware of the
latest market trends
• It is essential to know if the available product meets the demands of the current
market, or whether it is time to tweak it a little
• Being able to be accountable and then alter as needed is a vital part of
entrepreneurship
Types
Small Business Entrepreneurship
• Own their business and hire family members or local employee to run
• Feed their family and not making 100 millions or taking over an industry
• Fund their food business by taking small business loans or loans from friends and
family
• Includes grocery stores, home made food sales, hair dresser, small boutiques,
consultants, plumbers etc
• Scalable Startup Entrepreneurship
• Vision can change the world
• They attract investors who think and encourage people who think out of the box
• They require more venture capital to fuel and back their business
Large Company Entrepreneurship
• Small will become big
• Grow and sustain by offering new and innovative food products that revolve
around their main products
• The change in technology, customer preferences, new competition, etc., build
pressure for large companies to create an innovative product and sell it to the
new set of customers in the new market
Social Entrepreneurship
• Focuses on producing product and services that resolve social needs and
problems
• Work for society and not make any profits
Need and
Importance
Employment opportunities
• Generates employment in agriculture and food sectors
• Provides an entry-level job, required for gaining experience and training for
unskilled workers
Impact on society and community development
• A society becomes greater if the employment base is large and diversified
• Brings about financial changes in society
• Promotes health and quality of life
• Social welfare (Schools, hospitals, NGO)
Hub of innovation
• Provides new business ventures, ideas, tries new methods of production for goods
quality, new technology, new ways of marketing
Earning foreign exchange
• Private sector exports many products, growth in foreign exchange earnings
• Producing goods for domestic use, reduces the need for imports
• Can devise ways to create goods or services that people in other countries want to
buy, for example, produce goods or services more cheaply
• Successful entrepreneurs attract foreign investors, which will be buying shares in
the company
Develop backward areas
• Factory development in less developed area
• Income generation
• Improvement in that particular area
Increase standard of living
• Improves the standard of living of a person by increasing the
income
• Launching new products
• The standard of living means, increase in the consumption of
various goods and services by a household for a particular
period
Supports research and development
• Research to know about consumer needs
• New products need to be researched and tested before
launching in the market
• Dispenses finance for research and development with research
institutions and universities
 Taxation

Factors
affecting Infrastructure
Availability
of Capital
Entrepreneurship

Raw
Materials
Taxation
• The government can also influence a high degree of control on the market through
provisions of taxation. However, a lot of times governments resort to excessive
taxation
• Wants to set up shop in places where there is minimal interference from the
government
Availability of capital
• Requires capital to start risky ventures
• Require instant capital to scale up the business quickly if the idea is found to be
successful
• Countries which have a well developed system of providing capital at every stage
i.e. seed capital, venture capital, private equity and well developed stock and bond
markets experience a higher degree of economic growth led by entrepreneurship
Raw materials
• Natural resources is also an essential product required for any industry
• Available through the market by paying a fair price
• In some countries seller cartels gain complete control over these natural resources.
They sell the raw materials at inflated prices and therefore usurp most of the profit
that the entrepreneur can obtain
• Countries where the supply of raw material faces such issues witness depletion in the
number of entrepreneurial ventures over time
Infrastructure
• Some services are required by almost every industry to flourish. These services would
include transport, electricity etc.
• Countries which have a well developed infrastructure system witness high growth of
entrepreneurship and the opposite is also true
 In the past few years, Pakistani
entrepreneurship ecosystem has grown
tremendously. Which is why, bringing an idea
to the market is not really very difficult, as it
Entrepreneurship used to be two year ago. In Pakistan, there
Opportunities in are plenty of opportunities available for
aspiring entrepreneurs
Pakistan
• Plan9
• Ignite
• TEVTA
• Digiskills.pk
Plan9
• Two batches of startups every year, each incubation cycle is of 6 months,
• Provide a stipend, office space, laptops and plenty of advice from seasoned mentors
from Pakistan and abroad
• A government organization and it doesn’t take away any equity
Ignite
• Funds startups and innovative projects that utilize 4th industrial wave tech to solve
local problems and target global opportunities in health, education, energy,
agriculture, telecom, finance and other verticals
• Tech innovation grants are offered to innovative, deep tech projects and startups
TEVTA
• Premier skill provider
• Offers 150+ training programs
• Courses ranging from 3 years to 3 months
DigiSkills.pk
• Largest Training Program in Pakistan
• Offers best Free Online Courses in freelancing Skills with E-Certificates issued by
VU and Ignite
• Delivered over 3.06 million trainings in the future of work since 2018 to strengthen
digital economy of Pakistan
• The Women Empowerment is a key element of this program, as they benefit to learn
and earn sitting in the comfort of their homes
 Every successful entrepreneur brings about benefits
not only for himself but for the whole society or
country. The benefits which can be derived are
following:
Why Government • Discover new markets
Need • Discover new sources of materials
Entrepreneurs? • Introduce new technologies
• Creates employment
 • Pakistani Government envisioned an initiation of
over 10,000 startups by the year 2023
Government • This program will act as a digital platform where
Initiatives to investors will meet the startups and give way to a
healthy national ecosystem
Promote • Initiatives proposed are following:
Entrepreneurs ➢Kamyab Jawan
in Pakistan ➢Promoting small business
➢Private enterprise growth
Kamyab Jawan

• National Youth Development Programme

• Prime Minister’s Kamyab Jawan – Youth
Entrepreneurial Scheme (PMKJ – YES)
• Over 1 million youngsters will get the
training and financial aid by the
government
• For establishing new business and
strengthening existing SME businesses
Kamyab Jawan
• As per directives of Government of Pakistan, 25% of the financing will go
to female customers
• Provided government-subsidised business loans of up to 25 million
rupees, under three tiers:
➢First-tier for 10000 to 1 million
➢Second tier for 1 million to 10 million
➢Third tier for 10 million to 25 million
• Provide skills scholarship program, a talent hunt for youth sports, and a
national youth council
Promoting Small Business
• Small businesses have a greater role in economic development. Due to
extensive array of causes, small businesses have critical significance for each
state financial system
• Rationally, the policies of government demonstrate such attention in promoting
entrepreneurship. In order to generate employments, there is no easy approach
to raise Gross Domestic Product and enhancing living standard of nation than
promoting entrepreneurship and to give confidence who have the guts to
establish their own venture
Small And Medium-sized Enterprises
• Small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs)
• Businesses whose personnel and revenue numbers fall below certain limits
• Three broad parameters that define SMEs:
1) Micro-enterprises have up to 10 employees
2) Small enterprises have up to 50 employees
3) Medium-sized enterprises have up to 250 employees
• Entrepreneurship is a process that leads to creation of SMEs and business
ventures which are later seen as small and medium sizes of firms or
businesses
SMEDA
• Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority
• An autonomous institution of the Government of Pakistan under Ministry of
Industries and Production
• Established in October 1998
• Encourage and facilitate the development and growth of small and medium
enterprises in the country.
• Not only an SME policy-advisory body for the government of Pakistan but
also facilitates other stakeholders in addressing their SME development
agendas
Pre-Feasibility Studies
Special Technology Zone
• STZA notifies the UAF as the “AgriTech Park” Special Technology Zone
• Notified as STZ on June 13, 2022
• An effort to support the technology industry at the grassroots level
• Offering globally competitive incentives to the small, medium, and large-scale
technology organizations
• AgriTech Park will lead to more advanced and data-driven research in the
Agriculture sector
Start-up-Investor Seed Fund
• Transform your entrepreneurial dreams into sustainable start-ups
• ISF is an initiative under the Higher Education Development in Pakistan (HEDP)
• Aims at engaging entrepreneurs and upcoming aspirants who want to convert their
business ideas into action
• Under ISF, a package of support and seed funding is awarded to early-stage start-
ups through HEC-recognized Business Incubation Centers (BICs) at universities
• Entrepreneurial training, legal training and support, financial education, business
development service provision, and investment readiness training
Import and Export Policies
There are different policies regarding import and export activities for
entrepreneurship
• Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers: Governments can levy tariffs or duties on
imports or exports to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.
Additionally, non-tariff barriers such as quotas, subsidies, and technical standards
are used to regulate trade.
• Free Trade Agreements: Governments can also make free trade agreements with
other countries to allow duty-free access to each other's markets for specified
goods and services. These agreements can promote entrepreneurship by enabling
businesses to expand their markets and reduce the cost of doing business
• Export Promotion: Governments can promote entrepreneurship by providing
financial and non-financial support to firms that are interested in exporting. This
support may include market information, training, and trade show participation.
Import and Export Policies
• Intellectual Property Rights: Strong intellectual property rights protection can
encourage entrepreneurship by ensuring that innovative entrepreneurs are
rewarded for their investment and hard work
• Export Credit Insurance: Governments can provide export credit insurance to
protect exporters from credit risks related to foreign trade. This helps
entrepreneurs to mitigate risks and expand their global market reach
• Foreign Direct Investment: Policies aimed at encouraging foreign direct
investment by entrepreneurial firms can help to create new jobs and stimulate
economic growth
Ultimately, policies that promote entrepreneurship require a multi-faceted approach
that includes creating an enabling business environment, developing human capital,
and promoting innovation and technology development
Public Private Partnerships
• Public and private partnership (PPP) is a collaboration between the public sector
and private entities to provide goods, services, or infrastructure.
• PPPs combine the strengths of both the public and the private sectors, aiming to
improve the quality of services provided to the public while optimizing resources
and reducing costs.
• This means that the PPP projects are essentially partnerships that are formed for a
specific purpose through the creation of a SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle) that has
private sector equity as well as governmental stake in the form of land, water, and
other resources that the government can offer the concessionaires to develop
infrastructure around them and in them
Public Private Partnerships
• The main goal of PPPs is to leverage private enterprise expertise, innovation, and
efficiency in the delivery of public services
• The private partner brings financial investment, project management skills,
innovation, technological expertise, and risk management tools to the table
• The public sector, on the other hand, provides policy direction, regulatory
frameworks, and oversight to ensure that the partnership achieves its goals
without compromising public interest
• Some common examples of PPP projects include toll roads, airports, water
treatment plants, and healthcare facilities
Public Private Partnerships
• PPP Projects are the answer to the development of countries like Pakistan that are
starved of resources where the government finds itself unable to commit massive
funds for infrastructure development and yet, needs such projects for economic
growth
• PPPs have become increasingly popular over the last few decades, especially in
developing countries where public resources are limited. However, they remain
controversial, as critics find fault with some aspects of these partnerships, such as
concerns around transparency, accountability, and fairness
• Despite the criticisms, PPPs continue to be used in various sectors worldwide, and
their effectiveness depends largely on proper design, implementation, monitoring,
and evaluation