Phase Changes

- It is the transformation from one

phase of matter to another

- Phase changes involves change in

energy, where energy is released or
absorb
Endothermic
- “endo” means inside within, or internal
“thermic” means to heat

What is an Endothermic Process?

- It is from ordered arranged phase to a disordered or less ordered

arrangement
So, all the process going to the right are endothermic processes
 Exothermic
- “exo” means outside or external
“thermic” means to heat

What is an Exothermic Process?

- It is from chaotic or random arrangement to a more ordered

arrangement
So, all the process going to the left are exothermic processes
How does a change in energy
affect phase changes?
 Beaker Imagine having blocks of ice and put it
over a Bunsen burner, when the ice is
heated the energy from the fire (heat
Tripod energy) transferred into it

Bunsen Burner
 2 things may happen when heat is
added on the system:
 The added heat increases the
kinetic energy (KE) of the particles
Beaker of ice which is accompanied by
increase in temperature (T).

Tripod
 The added heat is used to break the
attractive forces between particles.
Bunsen Burner  No observed increase in
temperature
 Change in physical appearance
is observed
 When we heat something we might think
that the temperature goes up smoothly but
that’s not what happens, if the temperature
of a material is monitored during heating it
varies with time
 Heating Curve F

D E
Temperature

B C

A
Time
 Heating Curve F

D E
Temperature

Slope (diagonal lines)

B C – Change in temperature

A
Time
 Heating Curve F

D E
Temperature

Plateau (flat segments)

B C – Phase change

A
Time
 Heating Curve F

D E
Temperature

B C
• Between A and B the • The heat energy is used to
material is solid increase the kinetic energy of
the molecules and the
temperature rises
A
Time
 Heating Curve F
Over the course of this
line segment B and C,
both solid and liquid D E
Temperature

exist in various ratios

0 % solid
100 % liquid
100 % solid 50 % solid
0 % liquid 50 % liquid
• The temperature remains the

B C same while the substance melts

• The heat energy is now used to
change the arrangement of the
Melting molecules. The heat energy is
not being change into kinetic
• Between B and C
energy
phase change
happens

A
Time
 Heating Curve F

D E
Temperature

• Between C and D
the material is liquid

B C
• The heat energy is used to
Melting increase the kinetic energy of
the molecules and the
temperature rises

A
Time
 Heating Curve 100 % liquid
0 % liquid
100 % gas F
50 % liquid
0 % gas 50 % gas

D E
Temperature

Boiling
• Between D and E
phase change
happens
B C • The temperature remains the same while the
Melting substance melts
• The heat energy is now used to change the
arrangement of the molecules to form gas. The
heat energy is not being change into kinetic
energy

A
Time
 Heating Curve F

D E
Temperature

Boiling
• Between E and F the
material is gas

B C • The heat energy is used to

increase the kinetic energy of
Melting the molecules and the
temperature rises

A
Time