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Heat Transfer – RAG – TEP UB

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 HEAT TRANSFER DEFINITION

the flow of heat

the energy The movement of
(thermal energy) due is a process is known
exchanged between heat across the
to temperature as the exchange of
materials border of the system
differences and the heat from a high-
(solid/liquid/gas) as a due to a difference in
subsequent temperature body to
result of a temperature
temperature a low-temperature
temperature between the system
distribution and body.
difference and its surroundings
changes

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 The Study Of Heat Transfer (Type of Heat Transfer)
Concerns The Exchange Of Momentum, Energy, And Mass
In The Form Of :

• Is the process of transmission of energy from

Conduction one particle of the medium to another with
the particles being in direct contact with
each other.

• is the process by which heat is transferred

Convection. from one place to another through the
movement of fluids due to the difference in
temperature

• is the process by which the thermal energy

Radiation is exchanged between two surfaces obeying
the laws of electromagnetics

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 Conduction,
Convection, Conduction Convection Radiation
Radiation

is the transfer of thermal

is the transfer of thermal is the transfer of thermal
energy through the
Definition energy through direct energy through thermal
movement of a liquid or
contact emission
gas

Initiation of heat motion between heat passes through heat flows through
motion objects in direct contact fluids. empty spaces.

Occurs from all objects,

Due to temperature
Cause Due to density difference at temperature greater
difference
than 0 K

Uses heated solid Uses intermediate Uses electromagnetic

Transfer of heat
substance substance waves

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Conduction,
Convection, Conduction Convection Radiation
Radiation

Basic 𝐤𝐤𝐤𝐤(𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓−𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓𝐓)𝐭𝐭
Q= Q= HCA{T(Hot) − T(Cold)} Q= σ {T4(Hot) – T4(Cold)}A
Formula 𝒅𝒅

Where is : Where is :
Where is :
• Q is the rate of heat • Q = rate of heat
• Q = Heat transferred
transfer; transfer;
• σ = Stefan Boltzmann
• k = the thermal • HC = Heat Transfer
Constant
conductivity of the Coefficient
• T(Hot)= Hot temperature
material; • T(Hot) = Hot temperature
• T(Cold) = Cold
• A = the area of contact; • T(Cold) = Cold
Temperature
• T(Hot) = the temperature Temperature
• A = Area of surface
at one point on the hot • A = Area of surface
object.
• T(Cold) = the temperature
at one point on the cold
object.
• t = time taken for
conduction to occur.
• d = The thickness of the
material
• A = Area of surface 6 1
 Conduction,
Conduction Convection Radiation
Convection, Radiation

It does not follow It does not follow

It follows the law
the law of the law of
Law of emitter of reflection and
reflection and reflection and
refraction.
refraction. refraction.

Heat transfer in Heat transfer in

Heat transfer in
Heat Velocity convection is radiation is the
conduction is slow
faster. fastest.

Boiling of water,
juice heating,
Juice Heating, Boiler Flue gas for
Examples steam turbines,
Boiler, crystallizer air heater
evaporator,
vacuum pan, etc

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 CALCULATION FOR JUICE HEATER

The basic calculation of the juice heater is to calculate the amount of

heat transferred using the overall heat transfer co-efficient (OHTC), the
log mean temperature difference (LMTD) and the heating surface area

𝑄𝑄 = 𝑈𝑈. 𝐴𝐴. Δ𝑇𝑇LMTD

Where

Q = Heat supplied to the system

U = Overall heat transfer coefficient

A = Heat transfer area (m2)

ΔTLMTD = Change in temperature of the system.

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 OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (U)
is a measure of the overall ability of a series of conductive and convective
barriers to transfer heat

U is depends on

Convective heat transfer coefficient on cold fluid side (Which in turn depends on
flow velocity, turbulence, fluid viscosity, geometry of the surface etc.)

Convective heat transfer coefficient on hot fluid side (Which in turn depends on
flow velocity, turbulence, fluid viscosity, geometry of the surface etc.)

Fouling resistance on both the inner and outer surface across which heat transfer
takes place

Thermal conductivity of the surface across which heat transfer occurs

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 ΔTLMTD = Change in temperature of the
system
The LMTD is a logarithmic
average of the temperature
difference between the hot
and cold feeds at each end of In thermal engineering,
the double pipe exchanger. the logarithmic mean
For a given heat exchanger
temperature
with constant area and heat
difference (LMTD) is used to
transfer coefficient, the larger
determine the temperature
the LMTD, the more heat is
driving force for heat
transferred. The use of the
transfer in flow systems, most
LMTD arises straightforwardly notably in heat exchangers
from the analysis of a heat
exchanger with constant flow
rate and fluid
thermal properties.

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 ΔTLMTD = Change in temperature of the system.

where
∆T1 = Thot,in – Tcold,in
∆T2 = Thot,out – Tcold,out

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 ΔTLMTD = Change in temperature of the system.

where
∆T1 = Thot,in – Tcold,out
∆T2 = Thot,out – Tcold,in

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ΔTLMTD = Change in temperature of the system.

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ΔTLMTD = Change in temperature of the system.

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 ΔTLMTD = Change in temperature of the system.

For Co-current For Counter

flow Current flow

Where:
T1 : Inlet Temperature of Hot fluid (Th.in )
T2 : Outlet Temperature of Hot fluid (Th.out)
t1 : Inlet Temperature of cold fluid(Tc.in)
t2 : Outlet Temperature of cold fluid(Tc.out)

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ΔTLMTD CALCULATION FOR CO-CURRENT AND COUNTER CURRENT FLOW

o
Inlet Temperature of Hot fluid (Th.in ) = 110 C
o
Outlet Temperature of Hot fluid (Th.out) = 95 C
o
Inlet Temperature of cold fluid(Tc.in) = 45 C
o
Outlet Temperature of cold fluid(Tc.out) = 75 C

For Co-Current flow (Th.in -Tc.in) - (Th.out-Tc.out)

=
(Th.in -Tc.in)
LN
(Th.out-Tc.out)
( 110 - 45 ) - ( 95 - 75 )
=
( 110 - 45 )
LN
( 95 - 75 )
= 45
LN 65
20
38 C
o
=

For Counter Current flow (Th.in -Tc.out) - (Th.out-Tc.in)

=
(Th.in -Tc.out)
LN
(Th.out-Tc.in)
( 110 - 75 ) - ( 95 - 45 )
=
( 110 - 75 )
LN
( 95 - 45 )
= -15
LN 35
50
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42 C
o
=
 ΔTLMTD = Change in temperature of the system.

Assumptions made in LMTD method:

The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) is constant throughout the heat energy.

The specific heats (Cp) and mass flow rates of both fluids is constant.

The flow conditions are steady.

There is no change of phase either of the fluid during the heat transfer.

There is no loss of heat transfer to the surroundings, due to heat exchanger being
perfectly insulated.

Axial conduction along the tubes of heat exchanger is negligible.

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TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGER

Plate heat exchanger

Tube heat exchanger

Fin and plate or tube

heat exchanger

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TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGER

Plate heat
exchanger

Tube heat
exchanger

Fin and tube heat

exchanger

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 TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGER

Plate heat exchanger • is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates
to transfer heat between two fluids

• is a type of heat exchanging device constructed

using a large cylindrical enclosure, or shell, that
Tube heat exchanger has bundles of perfectly spaced tubing
compacted in its interior

• A fin tube heat exchanger is a device used to transfer

thermal energy between two or more fluids or gasses.
Fin and tube heat exchanger • is a type of heat exchanger that uses fins to increase
the surface area of the tubes through which heat is
transferred

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Plate heat exchanger design

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Plate heat exchanger (how it works)

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Plate heat exchanger application

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Plate heat exchanger design

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Tube heat exchanger design

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Tube heat exchanger design

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Tube heat exchanger (how it works)

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Tube heat exchanger (how it works)

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Tube heat exchanger application

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 Tube heat exchanger application

Juice Heater in sugar factory Juice Heater in sugar factory

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Tube heat exchanger application

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 Fin and Tube heat exchanger design

Schematic diagram of a fin-and-tube heat

exchanger and representative fin patterns
Compact heat exchanger cores. (a) Fin-tube (flat tubes,
continuous plate fins). (b) Fintube (circular tubes,
continuous plate fins). (c) Fin-tube (circular tubes,
circular fins). (d) Plate-fin (single pass). (e) Plate-fin
(multipass) [9]

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Fin and Tube heat exchanger design

Where

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Fin and Tube heat exchanger design

Where

A is tube diameter

B is Fin height

C is # per inch

D is fin thickness

E is fin length
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Fin and Tube heat exchanger (how it works)

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Fin and Tube heat exchanger application

evaporator coil

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Fin and Tube heat exchanger application

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Fin and Tube heat exchanger application

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Completely Heat Transfer Application on
Sugar Factory (Boiler)

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Completely Heat Transfer Application on
Sugar Factory (Boiler)

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Completely Heat Transfer Application on
Sugar Factory (Boiler)

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Completely Heat Transfer Application on
Sugar Factory (Boiler)

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Completely Heat Transfer Application on
Sugar Factory (Juice Heater)

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 Completely Heat Transfer Application on
Sugar Factory (Verctical Cooling Crystallizer)

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THANK YOU

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