TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSSubsection D - Stone Work

Sub-section D Stone Work

D-1 General
Stone work in question is work using sand, gravel and stone or crushed stone as the main
structure material in addition to other materials, the types of stone work in this specification
are:
(1) Masonry
(2) Riprap
(3) Stone gabions
(4) Heap of gravel
(5) Road pavement
(6) Piles of gravel sand
(7) Another stone work.
The provider before carrying out the work must submit the results of laboratory tests of the
material to be used, working drawings and work methods to the PPK for inspection and
approval before carrying out the work.

D-2 Masonry

D-2.1 General
Stone masonry will be used for work:
(a) Lining : lining and protection of cliffs and bottom for canals,
drainage, rivers and streams and others.

(b) Structures and walls : structures including shared structures, intake structures,
checks, spillways, waterfalls, culverts, stairs, protective
walls including canal and road guards and others.

D-2.2 Stone to Masonry

The stone in question is a stone that comes from a river or quarry with the following
characteristics: good, hard, durable, solid, not layered, resistant to water and air and suitable
for the job in question, with a specific gravity of not less than 2,5.
Stones for masonry must have at least 3 flat sides, with a hardness value of not less than K
= 6.5.
Stone size for masonry may not be more than 2/3 (two thirds) thick of lining or structure,
and less than 30 (forty) cm.

D-2.3 Cement Mortars

D-2.3.1 General
The cement, water and sand used must meet the requirements set out in this Specification,
Part C- Concrete Works.
It is not permitted to mix the mortar manually (by hand). The provider must provide a
machined mixer to mix the mortar ingredients mechanically in a ratio based on volume.
Mixing mortar is only limited for immediate needs so that there is no leftover mortar that

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has not been used for quite a long time, mortar that has not been used for 45 minutes after
being mixed with water must be removed from the work location.
The water/cement ratio should be high enough to make it easy to work with, but the
water/cement ratio should not exceed 0.55. The compressive strength of mortar aged 28
days must not be less than 50 kg/cm2.

D-2.3.2 Mortar for Masonry

Based on the cement-sand ratio for mortar, stone masonry is divided into 3 (three) types,
namely Type-A, Type-B and Type-C as follows:

Cement-Sand Comparison (in

Masonry Type Stone Origin
volume)
Type-A 1 PC : 3 sand quarry
Type-B 1 PC : 4 sand quarry
Type-C 1 PC : 4 sand demolition of old masonry

Type-A stone masonry is used in parts of the structure below the water level to resist
abrasion and collisions with stones carried by water currents. Type-B and Type-C masonry
for other masonry work. The provider must obtain approval from the PPK before using the
demolished stone for Type-C masonry.

D-2.3.3 Mortar for Pointing and Plasteringing

Mortar for pointing work must be cement-sand with a mixture ratio (volume) of 1 PC: 2
sand.
Mortar for plastering work must be cement-sand with a mixture ratio (volume) of 1 PC : 3
sand.

D-2.4 Installation
Stone masonry may not be carried out before the PPK approves the structure materials used,
working drawings and work methods and the completion of the foundation work in
accordance with the terms and conditions specified in this specification.
The stone used must be clean from soil, oil and other impurities that will damage the bond
between the stone and the mortar. Stones originating from the demolition of old structures
must be cleaned of remnants of concrete or mortar using a steel brush and water. The stone
to be installed, the surface must be splashed with water until it is wet enough before being
given mortar.
The provider must pour mortar with a thickness of not less than 3 cm on the surface of the
foundation soil which has been prepared beforehand and there are no standing water. If it
turns out that the foundation is waterlogged, the Provider at his own expense must drain it
with a pump. The ground surface of the foundation must be clean of mud and
defects/damage due to the placement of stones, if the masonry is done in conditions that do
not meet the requirements, then the masonry must be dismantled and reassembled with a
new one after the foundation is properly prepared, the costs resulting from this incident will
be Provider's responsibility.
Laying stones for masonry work must be done manually/by hand and each stone must be
completely covered with mortar so that all the joints between the stones are filled with
mortar. The stone must be compacted by being hit with a hammer, if broken it must be
cleaned to be used again. If the voids between the stones are too large, they must be filled
with smaller stones as pegs/wedges.

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Stone masonry for canal lining work, the installation must start from the bottom/foundation
and progress to the top/cliff of the channel.
Vertical or inclined masonry must be provided with drainage holes/pipes for every 4 (four)
m2 unless otherwise specified in the work drawings or PPK orders. The installation of the
weep hole pipe above must comply with the terms and conditions in this specification.
The surface of the masonry must be flat with a tolerance of no more than 2 (two) cm. All
masonry work including plastering and plastering must be cured in a damp condition in
accordance with the provisions in this Specification Article C-5.2. Backfill work is carried
out with due observance of the provisions in this Specification Article B-5 after the masonry
has been completed and has been well received by the PPK.

D-2.5 Pointing
The joints between the stones on the surface of the masonry work must be completed in a
neat and good manner. Siar work is done by first removing the mortar between the stones
as deep as 3 (three) cm, cleaning it with a steel brush, moistened with water filled with
mortar with a mixture ratio of 1 PC: 2 sand and then cleaning the surface of the stone from
the remaining attached mortar.

D-2.6 Plastering
The top surface of walls, pillars, retaining walls/base of weirs/base of bridges and others or
masonry surfaces shown in the drawings or on the order of PPK, must be plasteringed with
mortar mixed with 1 PC:3 sand by removing the mortar between the 3 cm deep stone clean
it with a steel brush.

D-2.7 Measurement and Payment of Masonry Work

D-2.7.1 Masonry Type A, B and C

Measurements for payment for masonry work of Type-A, B and C are carried out in units
of volume in cubic meters (m3) calculated from structure dimensions based on work
drawings or PPK orders including reinforcing bars, pipes and weep holes.
Payment for masonry work is made based on the unit price listed in the Quantity and Price
List which includes all costs and expenses for workers, materials, equipment, drying and all
necessary supporting work. Payment for Type-C masonry work does not include the cost of
the stone.

D-2.7.2 Pointing
Measurements for pointing work are carried out in units of area in square meters (m2) which
are calculated from the surface area of the stone masonry based on the working drawings.
Payment for pointing work is made based on the unit price listed in the Quantity and Price
List which includes all costs and expenses for workers, materials, equipment, drying and
all necessary supporting work.

D-2.7.3 Plastering
Measurements for plastering work are carried out in units of area in square meters (m2)
which are calculated from the area of the plastering work based on the working drawings.
Payment for plastering work is made based on the unit price stated in the Quantity and Price
List which includes all costs and expenses for workers, materials, equipment, drying and all
necessary supporting work.

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D-3 Riprap
The provider is required to carry out riprap work on a layer of granular or geotextile material
as specified in the working drawings or according to PPK orders.
Rocks for riprap come from rivers or quarries, are good, strong, durable, densely air and
water resistant and suitable for riprap work with sizes ranging between a minimum of 15
cm and a maximum of 40 cm, with at least 50% consisting of stones from 25 cm in size and
with a specific gravity of rock not less than 2.5.
Before riprap is installed, the base of the riprap foundation must be covered with a layer of
sand and gravel which must comply with the provisions in this Specification Article D-8.
Riprapinstalled manually, small stones are installed first by hand followed by larger stones.
Riprap must be well compacted and a flat, compact surface. The holes between the stones
must be filled with small stones as pegs so that a dense riprap is obtained. The thickness of
the riprap shall not be less than 40 cm with tolerances for the surface not differing by more
than 5 cm.
Measurements for payment for riprap work are carried out in cubic meters (m3) of stone
material installed with the dimensions, elevation and angle of inclination according to the
drawings or PPK provisions. Payment is made based on the unit price of the riprap work
listed in the Quantity and Price List which includes costs for the procurement, transportation
and installation of the riprap except for payments for sand-gravel and geotextile work as the
basis for riprap which will be paid separately according to the unit price in the Quantity and
Price List. .

D-5 Piles of gravel or cobblestones for foundations

In certain circumstances it is necessary to stockpile gravel or cobblestones for the
improvement of base foundations and weir pillars or bridges, weir bodies, culverts and other
structures as shown in the drawings or PPK orders. The gravel or cobblestone used comes
from a quarry or river, hard, dense and resistant to water and weather with a size not
exceeding 20 cm.
The provider is obliged to submit a proposal for the location of material collection, work
methods for placing, spreading, leveling and compacting gravel and cobblestones to the
PPK for approval before carrying out the work.
The provider is required to carry out a trial run of the work and submit a trial plan and work
method to the PPK for approval. The trial is intended to select and determine the working
method, equipment, thickness per layer for compaction. If the trial run is carried out on a
permanent part of the work, then the trial results can be calculated in payment if the trial
results meet the terms and conditions, but if it turns out to be the other way around, the trial
results must be dismantled at the cost of being the Provider's responsibility. Trials carried
out at other locations outside the work location must be paid for by the Provider.
Measurements for payment for gravel and cobble embankment work are carried out based
on the volume in cubic meters (m3) of material stockpiled and compacted with sizes and
dimensions based on drawings and PPK orders. Payment for this work is made based on
the unit price for the gravel and cobble embankment listed in the Quantity and Price List
which includes costs for workers, materials, equipment, gravel and cobble pile trials, and
other work required for the completion of the gravel and cobble embankment work. in
accordance with the drawings and PPK orders.

D-6 Road Pavement and Asphalt

Road paving and paving works are carried out on inspection roads, connecting roads, village
roads and other roads in accordance with the drawings or PPK orders. The material used

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for this work must be hard, dense, free of all impurities: silt, organic matter, clay, loose
material and other unwanted materials.
In accordance with the working drawings and if not specified otherwise by the PPK, road
pavement and asphalt work is divided into 4 (four) types as follows:

Type-A : road pavement with 50 cm thick granular material for access road, inspection
road to weir location and main structure.
Type-B1 : 25 cm thick macadam road pavement consisting of 10 cm of compacted sand
as foundation and 15 cm layer of compacted stone covered with a layer of 5
cm thick granular material, for the pavement shown in the drawings or PPK.

Type-B2 : road pavement with 20 cm thick granular material for irrigation and drainage
canal inspection roads.
Type-B3 : paving the road with cement asphalt with a thickness of 5 cm according to
the provisions of this specification.

(a) Grading of granular materials must comply with ASTM D 1248-68, as follows :
Sieve Size
% Lost Weight
(mm)
40 100
25 80~100
20 70~90
4.75 35~60
0.425 10~24
0.075 4~16

If additional filler is needed for the purpose of fulfilling the required gradation or
improving the cohesiveness of the granular material, the location for taking the filler
must be approved by the PPK provided that no more than 15% remains on the 4.75
mm sieve according to ASTM standards.
Sand gradation as the base/foundation of Type-B1 road pavement must comply with
ASTM D 1248-68 standards as follows:
Sieve Size %Weight Passed
(mm)
10 -
5 100
2,5 85~100
1,2 -
0.6 25~55
0.3 15~40
0.15 7~28
0.074 0~20

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Sub-section D - Stone Work

Stone gradation (rubble stone) for Type-B1 pavement must comply with ASTM
D1248-68 or JIS Z8801 standards:

Sieve Size
% Lost Weight
(mm)
150 100
125 85~100
100 0~15

(b) Granular materials for road pavement work must meet the following requirements and
characteristics :

Terms and Characteristics Mark

Plasticity Indexthe material passed the 0.425 mm sieve, 5~10

AASHTO T90
Soaked CBR (AASHTO T193) at maximum dry density, For material that passes
AASHTO T180, method D. a 20 mm sieve, a
minimum of 30%.

Sand material for road pavement must meet the following requirements and
characteristics:
Terms and Characteristics Mark
Clay content in weight 10%

(c) Working Method

(i) The provider is required to submit work methods for placing the spreading and
compaction of road pavement materials to the PPK for approval before the
work is carried out.
(ii) Preparation of road pavement foundations must be completed and approved by
PPK at least 100 m before the road pavement material is spread and compacted.
Damage or defects caused by the flow of water, or work implementation
activities or other reasons must be repaired immediately in accordance with the
conditions and quality required at the cost of the contractor, before the road
pavement work is carried out.
(iii) If the thickness of the road pavement material layer is 150 mm or less, the
spreading and compaction must be done in only 1 (one) layer. For road
pavement material layer thickness of more than 150 mm, the spreading and
compaction of the material is carried out layer by layer with approximately the
same thickness but not more than 150 mm for each layer.
(iv) Compaction of the road pavement is carried out starting from the edge/side of
the pavement and continuing to the middle part along the paved route using
equipment previously approved by PPK.
(v) Compaction shall be done so that the density is more than 95% of the maximum
dry density (maximum dry density) must be achieved in accordance with the
provisions of AASHTOT 180 Method D. Pavement surfaces that are
bumpy/uneven must be repaired, peeled off or peeled off and replaced the
pavement so that the road surface is even and uniform.
(vi) Tests for density and moisture/water content of road pavements are carried out
based on the AASHTO T191 standard.

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(d) Road Pavement Trial

(i) The provider is required to carry out road pavement trials to demonstrate that
the terms and conditions in the Specifications are implemented properly in the
actual execution of work at the work site. Prior to carrying out a trial run on the
implementation of road pavement work, the Contractor is required to submit
proposals for personnel, materials, equipment and working methods to be used
in the trial run, to the PPK for study and approval.
(ii) Test execution of work sub-baseand base-courses using granular materials
are carried out by the Provider to test moisture content, density, construction
tolerances, visual inspection and other matters in accordance with the
provisions in the Specifications or PPK orders.
(iii) If the material, equipment and work method proposed by the Provider cannot
produce sub-baseand base-courses that meet the provisions of this
Specification, the Provider must make changes and prepare new trials.
If during the execution of the work, for some reason the material and work methods
need to be changed. The provider is obliged to prepare a trial implementation of the
road pavement that is adapted to the new conditions to ensure that the provisions in
this specification have been followed and fulfilled in the actual implementation of the
work based on the new conditions.

(e) Laboratory Test

The type and frequency of laboratory tests required are as follows:

Test Type Test Standard Value Terms Frequency

Specific gravity AASHTO T84 More than 2.5 1. Before material for road
Gradation AASHTO T11 & T27 Article D-6(a) pavement is used for
construction
Plasticity Index AASHTO T90 not less than 5, not
2. One of the following occurs
more than 10
earlier:
Moisture/DensityRe AASHTO T180 - i) any change in the location
lationships Method D where the material is
picked up or,
Soaked AASHTO T193 minimum 30% ii) once every month
CaliforniaBearing
Ratio(CBR)
Field Density Test AASHTO T191 100% MDD Each work performance
volume is ~ 250 m3 per layer
Field Moisture Test AASHTO T191 OMC-3%, +2% of road pavement.

(f) Measurement and Payment of Road Pavement

Measurements for payment for road pavement work are carried out in units of area,
square meters (m2) of the finished road pavement surface according to lines, tracks,
slopes and elevations based on working drawings or PPK orders.
Payment for road pavement works is made based on the unit price stated in the
Quantity and Price List, which includes costs for workers, materials, equipment,
transportation, paving and compaction as well as costs for material laboratory tests,
work quality tests and repairs to existing defects.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Sub-section D - Stone Work

D-7 Sand-Gravel Piles

Sand and/or gravel stockpiles are required as foundation repairs for riprap, pipes, culverts,
pillars and abutments of bridges and gutters in accordance with the drawings or PPK orders.
The sand and/or gravel used must be clean and free of clay or other impurities and must be
compacted properly using a tamping rammer or other mechanical compactor in accordance
with PPK approval. The thickness of the compacted sand-gravel pile must comply with the
dimensions and elevation shown on the working drawings or the PPK order with a relative-
density value of not less than 40% when tested according to JIS A1224 standard or
according to the PPK order.
The method of work, the thickness of each layer of embankment and the equipment used
must be selected based on the results of trial filling and compaction carried out by the
Provider and approved by the PPK. If the trial is carried out at a permanent work location,
payment will be made if the results meet the requirements and quality set out in the
Specifications. If the results do not meet the requirements and quality set out in the
Specifications, the trial results are not paid for and must be dismantled from the work
location, the Provider is obliged to improve the materials and work methods of the trial run.
If the trial is carried out outside the work location, all costs for the trial must be borne by
the Provider.
Measurements for payment for sand and/or gravel embankment work are carried out in units
of volume in cubic meters (m3) of work that has been completed based on the elevation and
dimensions shown in the drawings or by order of the PPK. Payment for sand and/or gravel
embankment work is made based on the unit price of the work stated in the List of Quantities
and Prices including costs for material procurement, transportation, compaction laying,
implementation tests, laboratory tests including the quality of work, worker wages,
equipment , materials and supporting work required for the completion of the work.

D-8 Graded Sand-Gravel Filter

Filterof graded sand-gravel is required and installed as a filter in the under drain, drain holes
in retaining walls, drain holes in the lining of the canal and other drain screens as shown in
the working drawings or PPK orders.
Channels made to place/install filters in under-drain construction must be excavated with
paths, elevations and dimensions according to the working drawings. Excavation that
exceeds the limits/dimensions that may damage the condition of the foundation must be
avoided and is not allowed and the Provider must be responsible for repairing it at his own
expense if such damage occurs.
Installation of graded sand-gravel filters must be done carefully so as not to mix with
foundation soil or backfill material and compacted with elevation and dimensions according
to work drawings or PPK orders.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Sub-section D - Stone Work

Sand and gravel used as filters must be clean of silt, clay and other impurities and must have
the following grain/gradation composition:

Sieve Hole % Grain Passes Sieve

(mm) Lower limit Standard Upper limit
50 - - 100
40 - - 95
25 - - 90
20 - 100 85
10 100 90 70
5 90 75 55
2,5 75 60 35
1,2 60 40 25
0.6 40 25 15
0.3 25 15 5
0.15 10 - -

Measurements for payment of graded sand-gravel filters must be made based on the volume
unit of measurement in cubic meters (m3) of the installed filter according to the elevation
and dimensions indicated in the drawing or PPK order. Payment for filters is made based
on the unit price for the graded sand-gravel filter work listed in the List of Quantities and
Prices which includes the cost of procuring transportation, treatment, spreading and
compaction of the graded sand-gravel filter.
Measurement and payment for excavation/preparation of the canal where the filter will be
installed, is made separately from payment for the filter, and must follow and comply with
the provisions in this Specification, part B of earthworks.

D-9 Other Stone Work

What is meant by other stone work is:
• Demolition, stripping and disposal of old masonry or concrete
• Demolition of old masonry or concrete and replacing it with a new one
• Old masonry repointing
• Re-plastering old masonry

D-9.1 Disassembly, Peeling and Disposal

Old masonry or concrete construction that is defective or no longer meets the requirements
must be carefully dismantled or peeled off until it reaches parts of the construction that are
still in good condition or completely dismantled according to PPK orders.
Old masonry demolition in units of cubic meters (m3). This work includes breaking down
the old pair to a unit volume of no more than 20 cm2, moving it from that location to at least
a location that can be accessed by 4-wheeled vehicles.
For masonry dismantling, the executor must be able to separate the results of demolition of
stone and mortar with a tolerance of demolished stones free of mortar that is still attached
no more than 5%.
Surface stripping of old masonry or concrete must be done carefully so that it
injures/damages the old masonry or concrete to a depth of not less than 3 cm or in
accordance with PPK instructions if it turns out that no good construction parts are found.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Sub-section D - Stone Work

If the dismantling and peeling of old masonry or concrete turns out to damage parts of the
construction/structure, based on the working drawings, it does not need to be demolished.
The provider is obliged to repair it again at their own expense so that it can be accepted by
the PPK.
After disassembly and stripping has reached parts of the construction/structure that are still
in good condition, those parts must be cleaned of loose material, debris and embedded
materials that are no longer used. Cleaning is carried out using a steel brush and sprayed
with water so that concrete or stone aggregate from the old masonry appears, in accordance
with the provisions in Article C-14.1.
Before pouring new masonry or concrete, the old surface is first doused/wetted with water
until it is saturated (for not less than 4 hours) and then coated with a bonding agent. All
materials to be used must be approved by the PPK and demolition debris must be disposed
of outside the work site.
Measurements for payment for demolition and disposal of masonry or old concrete are
carried out in units of volume in cubic meters (m3) of material to be dismantled which is
calculated starting from the surface of the construction/old structure to parts that are still in
good condition or according to agreed work drawings or orders. PPK.
Measurements for payment for peeling and removing old masonry or concrete are carried
out in units of area in square meters (m2) of the surface of the old structure being stripped
according to working drawings or PPK orders.
Payment for dismantling, peeling and disposing of masonry or concrete shall be made based
on the unit price of the work stated in the List of Quantities and Prices which have been
calculated for labor, work tools, equipment, materials including bonding-agent, demolition
and disposal of embedded materials, iron reinforcement and disposal of all demolition
results to the location chosen and provided by the Provider.

D-9.2 Repair of old concrete / masonry

(demolition of the old structure and replacement with a new one)
(a) Masonry
Surfaces of masonry that are still in good condition should be cleaned of debris and
other loose matter. Then the part of the structure with new masonry, is done according
to the provisions in Article D-2 in this Specification.
Measurements for payment for masonry work are carried out in units of volume in
cubic meters (m3) for the work carried out. Payment for masonry work is made based
on the unit price of the work listed in the List of Quantities and calculated prices
including costs for workers, materials and equipment for the implementation and
completion of masonry work.

(b) Concrete Repair

The concrete surface which is still in good condition is cleaned of demolition debris
with a steel brush and washed until the old concrete aggregate is visible, in accordance
with Article C-14.1. The surface is wetted with water until saturated for not less than
4 (four) hours and then coated with a bonding agent before pouring new concrete.
Meanwhile, the existing holes must be filled/covered with well-compacted Type-C
concrete.
Measurements for payment for concrete repair work are carried out in units of volume
in cubic meters (m3) including the concrete filling the holes. Payment is made based
on the unit price of concrete work listed in the List of Quantities and calculated Prices
including costs for labor, tools, moulds.

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D-9.3 Pointing and Replasteringed

The surface of the masonry or old concrete that will be plasteringed or re-plasteringed must
be cleaned/peeled until a surface is found that is still in good condition or according to PPK
approval. The surface should be cleaned of debris, loose objects and other debris using a
steel brush.
All plasteringing and plasteringing work must be carried out with due observance of the
provisions in Article D-2.
Measurements for payment for this work are carried out in units of area, square meters (m2)
of the surface of the structure that is peeled, plasteringed or re-plasteringed based on work
performance data at the work site. Payment for this work is made based on the unit price
listed in the Quantity and Price List which has already been calculated for the cost of work,
materials, tools, equipment and other work needed to complete this work.

D-9.4 Pebbles or Stones for Under Drain

D-9.4.1 Scope of work

The gravel or cobbles used as material for underdrain must be between 50 mm and 200 mm
in size, clean from all kinds of dirt, soil, sand and organic matter. The elevation and
dimensions of the underdrain that are worked out must be in accordance with the working
drawings or orders of the Board of Directors.
Trenches as a means for placing underdrain must be excavated with the elevation and
dimensions according to the work drawings or PPK orders, no over-excavation is permitted,
and if this occurs, the Provider is responsible for the additional costs incurred due to excess
volume of excavation and foundation repairs required as well as additional costs for
fireplace.
Before the gravel or cobblestone is laid out, a geo-textile mattress or geo-textile filter must
be installed/spread in advance according to the working drawings or PPK instructions to
wrap the cobblestones with overlap of both ends 20 cm long at the top according to the work
drawings or PPK orders .
Gravel or cobblestone is laid layer by layer 10 cm to 20 cm and compacted so that it meets
the elevation and dimensions shown on the working drawings. At the time of spreading and
compacting gravel or cobblestones it is not allowed to mix (contaminate) with soil or
backfill material and any damage that occurs to the filter must be repaired by the Provider
at his own expense.

D-9.4.2 Measurement and Payment

Measurement of gravel or cobblestones for underdrain is carried out with units of volume
measurement in cubic meters (m3) of solid gravel/cobblestones with elevation and
dimensions according to work drawings or PPK orders. Geotextile measurements and
earthworks related to the implementation of underdrain work are carried out separately
according to the provisions in this specification.
Payment for gravel or round work for underdrain is made based on the unit price of the
work stated in the List of Quantities and the calculated price includes costs for procurement,
transportation, spreading, compaction of gravel/cobblestone and all work for carrying out
underdrain work except procurement and installationgeotextileand earthworks related to the
implementation of this work, will be paid separately in accordance with the provisions of
this Specification.

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Sub-section D - Stone Work

D-10 Sand Platform

Sand embankment as foundation/base (un-graded sand bedding) foundation is required for
the repair of riprap foundations, pipes, culverts, pillars and base of bridges or gutters and
sometimes specifically as a foundation for soil embankment in accordance with the work
drawings and PPK orders.
Sand for foundation foundations must be clean of clay and other impurities and compacted
carefully with a mechanical compactor or other methods agreed by PPK. The thickness of
the sand base after compaction must be in accordance with the elevation and dimensions
shown in the working drawings or PPK orders with a relative density (Dr) not less than 40%
tested according to JIS A1224 unless otherwise specified by PPK.
The work method, equipment used and layer thickness for effective compaction are
determined on the basis of a trial run of un-graded sand bedding carried out by the Provider
based on the proposed work method and equipment used which have been approved by the
PPK prior to the trial run.
If the trial run is carried out at a permanent construction site/part, the trial will be paid if it
meets the terms and conditions in this Specification, otherwise if the terms and conditions
are not met, the Provider must dismantle and throw it out of the work site at his own
expense. Trials conducted outside of the permanent work location are unpaid.
Measurements for payment for sand foundation work are carried out in units of volume in
cubic meters (m3) of dense sand based on the elevation and dimensions shown in the work
drawings or PPK orders.
Payment for sand foundation foundation work is made based on the unit price of the work
listed in the List of Quantities and Prices which have been calculated including costs for
procuring, transporting, spreading, compacting sand as foundation foundation and other
supporting work for the smooth running and completion of this work.

ST.D-12