Simulation Software for the Analysis of electrical Power Networks,

Adjustable Speed Drives and Hydraulic Systems

TUTORIAL HYDRO 9: PELTON

Table of contents page

1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2
2 First simulation ................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Open the 9pelton2015.stm example ............................................................................... 3
2.2 Simulation ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 First simulation results ................................................................................................... 4
3 Second simulation model setup ....................................................................................... 5
3.1 Parameters of the elements ............................................................................................ 5
3.2 Simulation ...................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Simulation results........................................................................................................... 7
4 Third simulation model setup ......................................................................................... 8
4.1 Parameters of the elements ............................................................................................ 8
4.2 Simulation ...................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Simulation results......................................................................................................... 10
5 Fourth simulation model setup ..................................................................................... 11
5.1 Parameters of the elements .......................................................................................... 11
5.2 Initial conditions calculations ...................................................................................... 13
5.3 Initial conditions results ............................................................................................... 14
5.4 Parameters of the elements .......................................................................................... 15
5.5 Simulation .................................................................................................................... 16
5.6 Simulation results......................................................................................................... 17

Last update : 11.06.2019

SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 2

1 Introduction

This tutorial shows how to simulate the transient behavior of a Pelton turbine. The figure 1.1
shows the Pelton turbine example comprising an upstream reservoir, a penstock, feeding a
Pelton turbine with 4 injectors, a mechanical mass and a downstream reservoir. The following
cases are simulated:
- Emergency shutdown
- Emergency shutdown without deflector activation
- Emergency shutdown without deflector activation nor injector closure
- Emergency shutdown without deflector activation with 3 injectors instead of 4
injectors

Figure 1.1: Studied example

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 3

2 First simulation

2.1 Open the 9pelton2015.stm example

From the submenu File, select Open and pick the “9pelton2015.stm” simulation example.
Then, it is advised to save it in another folder and to include the Pelton turbine characteristic
data file “simsen_yn11q11t11_pturb_1inj2015.txt” in the same folder.

2.2 Simulation

Click the Sim menu to enter simulation mode and answer Yes to the next question. The
simulation starts. When the simulation is terminated, the simulation window looks as shown in
figure 2.2.1.

Figure 2.2.1: End of the simulation

Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Close the simulation window without saving the last calculated point by pressing <any other
key>.
The window closes automatically.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 4

2.3 First simulation results

Figure 2.3.1: Simulated values of the Pelton turbine

Explanation

At t=10s, the electromagnetic torque is set to zero, then the 4 injectors are closed in 15 seconds
in order to minimize the penstock overpressure, while turbine overspeed is limited by the
deflectors activation.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 5

3 Second simulation model setup

3.1 Parameters of the elements

3.1.1 Point Function DEFLEC

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = ;DEFLEC
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

DEFLEC Time 1 0

- REFERENCES Y :

PTURB Kdef1 1 0
PTURB Kdef2 1 0
PTURB Kdef3 1 0
PTURB Kdef4 1 0

- DATA :

x1 [s] : 0 y1 [1] : 1
x2 [s] : 10 y2 [1] : 1
x3 [s] : 12 y3 [1] : 0
x4 [s] : 100 y4 [1] : 0

Explanations:

The deflector activation is disabled by putting “;” in front of the FPOINT element name.

Figure 3.1.1: Simulation model

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 6

3.2 Simulation

Click the Sim menu to enter simulation mode and answer Yes to the next question. The
transient simulation starts. When the simulation is terminated, the simulation window looks as
shown in figure 3.2.1.

Figure 3.2.1: End of the simulation

Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Close the simulation window without saving the last calculated point by pressing <any other
key>.
The window closes automatically.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 7

3.3 Simulation results

Figure 3.3.1: Simulated values of the Pelton turbine

Explanation

The rotational speed increases due to deactivation of the deflectors but the hydraulic transient
remain the same.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 8

4 Third simulation model setup

4.1 Parameters of the elements

4.1.1 Point Function INJEC

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = ;INJEC
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

INJEC Time 1 0

- REFERENCES Y :

PTURB y1 1 0
PTURB y2 1 0
PTURB y3 1 0
PTURB y4 1 0

- DATA :

x1 [s] : 0 y1 [1] : 0.7

x2 [s] : 10 y2 [1] : 0.7
x3 [s] : 25 y3 [1] : 0
x4 [s] : 100 y4 [1] : 0

Explanations:

The injector closure is disabled by putting “;” in front of the FPOINT element name.

Figure 4.1.1: Simulation model

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 9

4.2 Simulation

Click the Sim menu to enter simulation mode and answer Yes to the next question. The
simulation starts. When the simulation is terminated, the simulation window looks as shown in
figure 4.2.1.

Figure 4.2.1: End of the simulation

Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Close the simulation window without saving the last calculated point by pressing <any other
key>.
The window closes automatically.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 10

4.3 Simulation results

Figure 4.3.1: Simulated values of the Pelton turbine

Explanation

Due to blocked injectors and deactivated deflectors, the turbine experiences runaway
conditions.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 11

5 Fourth simulation model setup

5.1 Parameters of the elements

5.1.1 Pelton turbine PTURB

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = PTURB
Comment =
Writing = pu

- MECHANICAL SYSTEM :

JSYNCHR 1 0

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 7.00000000000E+0002
Qn [m3/s] = 4.00000000000E+0000
Tn [Nm] = 2.92666000000E+0005
Nn [rpm] = 7.50000000000E+0002

- PARAMETERS :

Ninj [1] = 4.00000000000E+0000

y1 [1] = 7.00000000000E-0001
y2 [1] = 7.00000000000E-0001
y3 [1] = 7.00000000000E-0001
y4 [1] = 7.00000000000E-0001
y5 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y6 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y7 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Kdef1 [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Kdef2 [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Kdef3 [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Kdef4 [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Kdef5 [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Kdef6 [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Kdef7 [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Kt [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
co [1] = 9.80000000000E-0001
Dref [1] = 2.00000000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q1 [m3/s] = 1.01120335861E+0000
Q2 [m3/s] = 1.01120335861E+0000
Q3 [m3/s] = 1.01120335861E+0000
Q4 [m3/s] = 1.01120335861E+0000
Q5 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q6 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q7 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
N [rpm] = 7.50000000000E+0002

- SPECIFIED OPERATING POINT :

Ninjc [1] = 123

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 12

Tc [Nm] = 2.92666000000E+0005
Nc [rpm] = 7.50000000000E+0002
yc1 [1] = 7.00000000000E-0001
yc2 [1] = 7.00000000000E-0001
yc3 [1] = 7.00000000000E-0001
yc4 [1] = 7.00000000000E-0001
yc5 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
yc6 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
yc7 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- CALCULATED VALUES :

P [W] = 2.46245664472E+0007
T [Nm] = 3.13529717726E+0005
Qtot [m3/s] = 4.04481343452E+0000
C [m/s] = 1.14742337940E+0002
H [m] = 6.98708835008E+0002

- DATA :

<Data Spec>
Read triangles from file = no
</Data Spec>
<yN11Q11T11 File>
simsen_yn11q11t11_pturb_1inj2015.txt
</yN11Q11T11 File>

Explanations:

The Pelton turbine will be operated with 3 injectors (injectors 1, 2 and 3).

Remark:

The number of injectors of the turbine is indicated by the variable Ninj and is here taken equal
to 4. For the determination of the initial conditions using the InHydro procedure, the number
of injectors in operation is defined in the section SPECIFIED OPERATING POINT by the
parameter Ninjc. 123 means that the injectors 1, 2 and 3 will be considered to be in operation.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 13

5.2 Initial conditions calculations

Click the InHydro menu to enter stabilization mode. Then, in the menu InHydro select Pelton
Turbine: Nc, Tc, Ninj => yi and answer Yes to the next question. The simulation for initial
conditions determination starts. When the stabilization simulation is terminated, the simulation
window looks as shown in figure 6.1.1.

Figure 6.1.1: End of the simulation

Press <c> to launch the InHydro Procedure after the warning message displayed.

Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Then, save the last calculated point by pressing the <s> key, to use it as initial condition for
the next simulation.
The window closes automatically.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 14

5.3 Initial conditions results

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 15

5.4 Parameters of the elements

5.4.1 Points function INJEC

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = INJEC
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

INJEC Time 1 0

- REFERENCES Y :

PTURB y1 1 0
PTURB y2 1 0
PTURB y3 1 0
;PTURB y4 1 0

- DATA :

x1 [s] : 0 y1 [1] : 1
x2 [s] : 10 y2 [1] : 1
x3 [s] : 41.4 y3 [1] : 0
x4 [s] : 100 y4 [1] : 0

Explanation:

The FPOINT “INJEC” is activated, but the injector 4 is not driven anymore because the
operation is with 3 injectors only. The injector closing time is updated according to new injector
openings. But the deflectors remain deactivated.

Figure 5.4.1: Simulation model

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 16

5.5 Simulation

Click the Sim menu to enter simulation mode and answer Yes to the next question. The
transient simulation starts. When the simulation is terminated, the simulation window looks as
shown in figure 5.5.1.

Figure 5.5.1: End of the simulation

Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Close the simulation window without saving the last calculated point by pressing <any other
key>.
The window closes automatically.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 9: PELTON 17

5.6 Simulation results

Figure 5.3.1: Simulated values of the Pelton turbine

Explanation:

Due to increased injectors closing time, the turbine reaches the runaway conditions before
slowing down when the injectors are fully closed.

End of Tutorial

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