Simulation Software for the Analysis of electrical Power Networks,

Adjustable Speed Drives and Hydraulic Systems

TUTORIAL HYDRO 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT

Table of contents page

1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2
2 Simulation model setup ................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Open 2massosc.stm example ......................................................................................... 3
2.2 Modification of the system ............................................................................................ 3
2.3 Graphical features .......................................................................................................... 3
2.4 Parameters of the elements ............................................................................................ 4
2.5 Simulation parameters ................................................................................................. 10
3 Initial condition determination ..................................................................................... 11
3.1 Initial conditions calculations ...................................................................................... 11
3.2 Initial conditions results ............................................................................................... 12
4 Simulation ....................................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Parameters of the elements .......................................................................................... 13
4.2 Simulation parameters ................................................................................................. 14
4.3 Simulation .................................................................................................................... 15
4.4 Simulation results......................................................................................................... 16

Last update : 11.06.2019

SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 2

1 Introduction

This tutorial shows how to simulate the transient response of a piping system due to valve
closure. The figure 1.1 shows the layout of the example of interest that is made of an upstream
and downstream tank, a surge shaft, a gallery, a surge tank, a penstock and three valves. The
simulation will proceed in two phases. First, the initial conditions are determined using a
stabilization procedure. In the second phase, the transient behavior of system resulting from
the downstream valve closure is simulated.

Figure 1.1: Layout of the example of interest

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2 Simulation model setup

2.1 Open 2massosc.stm example

From the submenu File, select Open and pick the “2massosc.stm” simulation example. From
the submenu File, select Save as and save the simulation example with the name “3shaft.stm”
in a new folder.

2.2 Modification of the system

The list of elements to be inserted into the model is given in the table below, each with the
corresponding category to help you find them in the elements library. For help on how to insert
elements into a model, please consult the Quick_User_Guide, section 4.1 (Adding New
Elements).

Category Sub-category Element Type Required number

Hydro Tanks Vertical Surge Shaft 1
Hydro Pipes PipeZ 1
Hydro Valves-Sources Valve 1
Functions Regulation Prog 1
Functions Regulation FPoints 1

Figure 2.2.1: Selecting and placing elements on the editing grid

2.3 Graphical features

Modify the label according to the Figure 2.2.1.

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2.4 Parameters of the elements

It is necessary to specify the parameters of the elements. The corresponding names are shown
in figure 2.4.1.

Figure 2.4.1: Elements names

Directly double-click on the element you want to parameterize. Thus, you can open the related
window for each element. The next pages will show you, with bold characters, the parameters
you have to introduce for each element of the hydraulic part.

When introducing the parameters for each element, you can open the related help file by
clicking on the corresponding element and pressing F1. Thus, you can benefit from more
information about the current element.

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2.4.1 Pipe Pipe0

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = PIPE0
Comment =
Writing = NO

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Qn [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- PARAMETERS :

Nb [1] = 2.00000000000E+0000
Zin [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Zout [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
L [m] = 1.00000000000E+0002
D [m] = 3.57000000000E+0000
Dh [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Ah [m2] = 0.00000000000E+0000
a [m/s] = 1.10000000000E+0003
Lambda [1] = 2.00000000000E-0002
Ksi [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Mu [Pa.s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q1 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc1 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q2 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc2 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q3 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc3 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q4 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc4 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q5 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc5 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q6 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc6 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q7 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc7 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q8 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc8 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q9 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc9 [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Q10 [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
…

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 6

2.4.2 Surge shaft Sshaft1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = SSHAFT1
Comment =
Writing = pu

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 7.00000000000E+0002
Qn [m3/s] = 3.03379996525E+0001

- PARAMETERS :

Ao [m2] = 1.25000000000E+0001
Aco [m2] = 8.00000000000E+0000
Kd [1] = 1.12500017479E+0001
zd [m] = 6.60000000000E+0002
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Hc [m] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- DATA :

z1 [m] : 600 D1 [m] : 1

z2 [m] : 950 D2 [m] : 1

Explanation:

In order to have a fast determination of the initial condition, the piezometric head of the surge
shaft Hc could be approximated by the head HC1 of pipe1 reached at the end of the first
simulation.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 7

2.4.3 Valve Valve0

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = VALVE0
Comment =
Writing = pu

- RATED VALUES :

Hn [m] = 7.00000000000E+0002
Qn [m3/s] = 3.03379996525E+0001

- PARAMETERS :

K [1] = 1.01591763846E+0000
Aref [m2] = 4.98800000000E+0000
Rho [kg/m3] = 1.00000000000E+0003
g [m/s2] = 9.81000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Q [m3/s] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 8

2.4.4 Points function Fp0

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = FP0
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

SSHAFT1 Q 1 0 Q [m3]

- REFERENCES Y :

SSHAFT1 Kd 1 0 Kd [1]

- DATA :

x1 [m3/s] : -100 y1 [1] : 15

x2 [m3/s] : -0.1 y2 [1] : 15
x3 [m3/s] : 0.1 y3 [1] : 7.5
x4 [m3/s] : 100 y4 [1] : 7.5

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 9

2.4.5 Program Prog0

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = PROG0
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

- REFERENCES Y :

- DATA :

- PARAMETERS :

dT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

kdT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000

y1 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y2 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y3 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y4 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y5 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y6 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y7 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y8 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y9 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y10 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y11 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y12 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y13 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y14 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y15 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y16 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y17 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y18 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y19 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y20 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 10

2.5 Simulation parameters

Select the following submenu command:

Parameters Simulation Parameters

Fill the main file as follows:

COMMENT :

SIMULATION PARAMETERS :

Time min [sec] = 0.0000000000000

Time max [sec] = 20.0000000000000
Integration step [sec] = 0.0200000000000
Precision for immediate events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Precision for simultaneous events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Integration process [-] = RK45
Write in output files every [1] = 1
Initial conditions from [E/M] = E
Disturbances activated [Y/N] = NO

CONSTANT DATA :

PARAMETERS :

INITIAL CONDITIONS :

DISTURBANCES :

Explanation:

The steady behavior of the system will be simulated during 20s with an integration step of 20
ms.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 11

3 Initial condition determination

3.1 Initial conditions calculations

Click the InHydro menu to enter stabilization mode. Then, in the menu InHydro select Flow
Stabilization and answer Yes to the next question. The simulation for initial condition
determination starts. When the stabilization simulation is terminated, the simulation window
looks as shown in figure 3.1.1.

Figure 3.1.1: End of the simulation

Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Then, save the last calculated point by pressing the <s> key, to update initial condition of
elements for the next simulation.
The window closes automatically.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 12

3.2 Initial conditions results

Figure 3.2.1: Head and discharge at Valve2

Explanation:

The steady state conditions are reached after 20 s.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 13

4 Simulation

4.1 Parameters of the elements

4.1.1 Program Prog0

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = PROG0
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

PROG0 Time 1 0 Time [s] x1

- REFERENCES Y :

VALVE0 K=y2 1 0

- DATA :

Aref = 4.988 ; [m2]

g = 9.81 ; [m/s2]
Tclose = 180 ; [s]
Tstart = 1 ; [s]
Hn = 2 ; [m]
Qo = 31 ; [m3/s]
y1 = 1-((x1-Tstart)/Tclose)^0.75
y1 = MAX(y1,1e-6)
y2 = Hn/(Qo*Qo*y1*y1)*2*g*Aref*Aref

- PARAMETERS :

dT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

kdT [sec] = 0.00000000000E+0000

y1 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y2 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y3 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y4 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y5 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y6 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y7 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y8 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y9 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y10 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y11 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y12 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
y13 [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000
…

Explanation:

The closure law of the valve Valve0 is taken into account using a program Prog0. The closure
law is started at Tstart = 1 s and lasts Tclose = 180 s.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 14

4.2 Simulation parameters

Select the following submenu command:

Parameters Simulation Parameters

Fill the main file as follows:

COMMENT :

SIMULATION PARAMETERS :

Time min [sec] = 0.0000000000000

Time max [sec] = 600.00000000000
Integration step [sec] = 0.0200000000000
Precision for immediate events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Precision for simultaneous events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Integration process [-] = RK45
Write in output files every [1] = 1
Initial conditions from [E/M] = E
Disturbances activated [Y/N] = NO

CONSTANT DATA :

PARAMETERS :

INITIAL CONDITIONS :

DISTURBANCES :

Explanation:

Transient behavior of the system will be simulated during 600s with an integration step of 20
ms.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 15

4.3 Simulation

Click the Sim menu to enter simulation mode and answer Yes to the next question. The
transient simulation starts. When the simulation is terminated, the simulation window looks as
shown in figure 4.3.1.

Figure 4.3.1: End of the simulation

At the end of the simulation, wait until you can read the last simulation message:
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Close the simulation window without saving the last calculated point by pressing <any other
key>.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 3: MASS OSCILLATION WITH SURGE SHAFT 16

4.4 Simulation results

Figure 4.4.1: Water level of both the surge tank and the surge shaft

Figure 4.4.2: Head and discharge at both the upstream and the downstream valve

Explanation:

A mass oscillation occurs between the surge shaft and the surge tank while a Watherhammer
is present in the penstock.

End of Tutorial

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