Simulation Software for the Analysis of electrical Power Networks,

Adjustable Speed Drives and Hydraulic Systems

TUTORIAL HYDRO 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT

Table of contents page

1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2
2 Simulation model setup ................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Open the 1hydro.stm example ....................................................................................... 3
2.2 Importation of 5tstop.stm ............................................................................................... 3
2.3 Modification of the system ............................................................................................ 4
2.4 Graphical features .......................................................................................................... 5
2.5 Parameters of the elements ............................................................................................ 6
2.6 Simulation parameters ................................................................................................... 9
3 Initial condition determination ..................................................................................... 14
3.1 Inisim ........................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Simulation parameters ................................................................................................. 15
3.3 InHydro ........................................................................................................................ 16
3.4 InHydro results............................................................................................................. 17
4 Simulation model setup ................................................................................................. 18
4.1 Parameters of the elements .......................................................................................... 18
5 Simulation ....................................................................................................................... 19
5.1 Simulation .................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 Simulation results......................................................................................................... 20

Last update : 28.05.2019

SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 2

1 Introduction

This tutorial shows how to simulate the transient behavior of a whole hydroelectric power plant
resulting from a power acceptance followed by an emergency shutdown. The figure 1.1 shows
the example we are going to study comprising an upstream reservoir, a penstock, 2 mechanical
masses a pump turbine, a downstream tank, a generator with its voltage regulator, a transformer
and the infinite electrical grid. This example being based on 2 previous tutorials, “5tstop.stm”,
and “1hydro.stm”, the simulation will proceed in three steps. First step, the initial conditions
of the electrical part are determined. Second step, the initial conditions of the hydraulic
installations are determined according to the generator specified operating point. Third and last
step, the transient behavior of the installation is simulated. The transient event of concerns is
the successive power acceptance and emergency shutdown.

Figure 1.1: Studied example

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2 Simulation model setup

2.1 Open the 1hydro.stm example

From the submenu File, select Open and pick the “1hydro.stm” simulation example. From the
submenu File, select Save as and save the simulation example with the name “8hydroel.stm”
in a new folder.

2.2 Importation of 5tstop.stm

From the submenu File, select Import and pick the “5tstop.stm” simulation example. Then,
click in the editing window below the “8hydroel.stm” present block elements to give the
position of the imported “5stop.stm” simulation blocks. Remember that the click defines the
upper left corner of the imported simulation example. The turbine characteristics file
“simsen_yn11q11t11_nu0298.txt” has to be added in the current folder. Save again your
example. The resulting example layout is presented in Figure 2.2.1.

Figure 2.2.1: Selecting and placing elements on the editing grid

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2.3 Modification of the system

All necessary elements are here, but some of them have to be deleted. Select the element and
with a right-click, delete the following elements according to Figure 2.3.1 denominations:

Mechanical mass Stator STAT1

Mechanical mass Rotor ROTOR
Mechanical mass Rotor TURBINE
Function and regulation Fpoint FP2

Figure 2.3.1: Selecting and placing elements on the editing grid

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2.4 Graphical features

Modify the label according to the Figure 2.4.1.

Figure 2.4.1: Graphical features modifications

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2.5 Parameters of the elements

It is necessary to specify the parameters of the elements. The corresponding names are shown
in figure 2.3.1.

Directly double-click on the element you want to parameterize. Thus, you can open the related
window for each element. The next pages will show you, with bold characters, the parameters
you have to introduce for each element of the hydraulic part.

When introducing the parameters for each element, you can open the related help file by
clicking on the corresponding element and pressing F1. Thus, you can benefit from more
information about the current element.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 7

2.5.1 Mechanical Mass Jturb

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = JTURB
Comment =
Writing = SI

- MECHANICAL MASS CONNECTED :

JSYNCHR

- RATED VALUES :

Pn [W] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Nn [rpm] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- INERTIA PARAMETERS :

J [kgm2] = 5.00000000000E+0004
Ae [Nms/rad] = 0.00000000000E+0000
NAe [rpm] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Tmin [Nm] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Tfr [Nm] = 0.00000000000E+0000
kpext [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Text [Nm] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- COUPLING PARAMETERS :

K [Nm/rad] = 5.00000000000E+0008
Ai [Nms/rad] = 1.00000000000E+0003
r [1] = 1.00000000000E+0000
Tcoupl [Nm] = 0.00000000000E+0000
state [1] = 0.00000000000E+0000

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

N [rpm] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Thm [deg] = 0.00000000000E+0000

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 8

2.5.2 Synchronous Machine SM1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = SM1
Comment =
Writing = PU

- MECHANICAL SYSTEM :

JSYNCHR 1 0

- RATED VALUES :

Sn [VA] = 8.30000000000E+0007
Un [V] = 1.75000000000E+0004
Fn [Hz] = 5.00000000000E+0001
Pp [1] = 5.00000000000E+0000
Ifd0 [A] = 5.78300000000E+0002
Connect [-] = Y

- PARAMETERS :

rs [p.u] = 1.81000000000E-0003
xss [p.u] = 1.12000000000E-0001
xad [p.u] = 1.02700000000E+0000
xsDf [p.u] = -2.10000000000E-0002
rf [p.u] = 4.97400000000E-0004
xsf [p.u] = 1.96818900000E-0001
rD [p.u] = 1.00658000000E-0002
xsD [p.u] = 8.28562000000E-0002
xaq [p.u] = 6.02000000000E-0001
rQ [p.u] = 1.61368000000E-0002
xsQ [p.u] = 7.79325000000E-0002

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

Ila [A] = 9.84124375061E+0002

Ilb [A] = -3.72842221737E+0003
Ilc [A] = 2.74429784230E+0003
Ip [A] = 0.00000000000E+0000
iD [p.u] = 0.00000000000E+0000
If [A] = 1.07961007034E+0003
iQ [p.u] = 0.00000000000E+0000
Thm [deg] = 8.53151967807E+0001
N [rpm] = 6.00000000000E+0002

- SPECIFIED OPERATING POINT :

Ulrms [V] = 1.75366413225E+0004

Ths [deg] = 2.20595513957E+0002
Pc [W] = -7.47000000000E+0007
Qc [Var] = -3.61789000000E+0007

- CALCULATED VALUES :

Ulrms [V] = 1.75366413323E+0004

Ilrms [A] = 2.73256922414E+0003
P [W] = -7.47000000000E+0007
Q [Var] = -3.61789000000E+0007
Rf [Ohm] = 1.17040616710E-0001

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 9

2.6 Simulation parameters

Select the following submenu command:

Parameters Simulation Parameters

Fill the main file as follows:

- COMMENT :

- SIMULATION PARAMETERS :

Time min [sec] = 0.0000000000000

Time max [sec] = 2.0000000000000
Integration step [sec] = 0.0002000000000
Precision for immediate events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Precision for simultaneous events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Integration process [-] = RK45
Write in output files every [1] = 5
Initial conditions from [E/M] = E
Disturbances activated [Y/N] = YES

- CONSTANT DATA :

;--------------------------------------------------------
;Rated values
;--------------------------------------------------------
SN = 250E6 ; Nominal Power in [VA]
UN = 17.5E3 ; Nominal voltage in [V]
FN = 50 ; Nominal frequency
PN = 8 ; Pole pair
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Synchronous machine parameters
;--------------------------------------------------------
rs = 0.00181 [p.u]
xss = 0.112 [p.u]
xad = 1.027 [p.u]
xsDf = -0.021 [p.u]
rf = 0.0004974 [p.u]
xsf = 0.1968189 [p.u]
rD = 0.0100658 [p.u]
xsD = 0.0828562 [p.u]
xaq = 0.602 [p.u]
rQ = 0.0161368 [p.u]
xsQ = 0.0779325 [p.u]
Ifd0 = 1008.2 [A]
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Specified operation point of the machine
;--------------------------------------------------------
Ulrms = 17500 [V]
Ths = 210 [deg]
Pc = -1E-6 [W]
Qc = -1E-6 [Var]
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Stator
;--------------------------------------------------------
JSTAT = 208.1E3 [kgm2]
KSTAT = 1.182E9 [Nm/rad]

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 10

DSTAT = 0.00 [Nms/rad]

RSTAT = 2.07 [m]
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Mechanical shaft
;--------------------------------------------------------
JROTOR = 168.3E3 [kgm2]
kpext1 = 0.0 [1]
k12 = 12.656E9 [Nm/rad]
JTURB = 8.415E3 [kgm2]
kpext2 = 1.0 [1]
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Transformer
;--------------------------------------------------------
SNT1 = 250E6 [VA]
UN1 = 220E3 [V]
UN2 = 17.5E3 [V]
rcc = 0.003 [p.u]
xcc = 0.14 [p.u]
xh1 = 1E3 [p.u]
type = 1 [0/1]
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Network and transmission line
;--------------------------------------------------------
URN = 220E3 [V]
UR = 205E3 [V]
RL = 0.01 [Ohm]
LL = 0.1 [H]
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Circuit breaker
;--------------------------------------------------------
Ron = 0.0 [Ohm]
Roff = 1E8 [Ohm]
dt = 0.0001 [sec]
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Grounds
;--------------------------------------------------------
RGRND = 1E8 [Ohm]
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Voltage regulator
;--------------------------------------------------------
k = 250 [1]
T1 = 0.1 [sec]
T2 = 0.02 [sec]
T3 = 1.0 [sec]
T4 = 5.0 [sec]
Tms = 0.04 [sec]
Tst = 0.005 [sec]
poF1 = 0.04 [p.u]
puF1 = -0.05 [p.u]
poF2 = 5.5 [p.u]
puF2 = -4.5 [p.u]
poF3 = 5.5 [p.u]
puF3 = -4.5 [p.u]
;--------------------------------------------------------
ON = 1
OFF = 0
TON = 0.04
TOFF = 0.24
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Calculation
;--------------------------------------------------------

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 11

aux = (xad*Ifd0)^2
RF = rf*SN/aux ; field circuit resistance in [Ohm]
Ufd0 = RF*Ifd0 ; no-load field circuit voltage

- PARAMETERS :

;--------------------------------------------------------
;Synchronous machine
;--------------------------------------------------------
SM1.SN = SN
SM1.UN = UN
SM1.Fn = FN
SM1.Pp = PN
SM1.Ifd0 = Ifd0
SM1.rs = rs
SM1.xss = xss
SM1.xad = xad
SM1.xsDf = xsDf
SM1.rf = rf
SM1.xsf = xsf
SM1.rD = rD
SM1.xsD = xsD
SM1.xaq = xaq
SM1.rQ = rQ
SM1.xsQ = xsQ
SM1.Ulrms= Ulrms
SM1.Ths = Ths
SM1.Pc = Pc
SM1.Qc = Qc
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Stator
;--------------------------------------------------------
; deleted element
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Mechanical shaft
;--------------------------------------------------------
; deleted element
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Transformer
;--------------------------------------------------------
T1.SN =SNT1
T1.UN1 = UN1
T1.UN2 = UN2
T1.Fn = FN
T1.rcc = rcc
T1.xcc = xcc
T1.xh1 = xh1
T1.type = type
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Network
;--------------------------------------------------------
VS1.Sn = SN
VS1.Un = URN
VS1.Fn = FN
VS1.Ulrms= UR
VS1.Fs = FN
;--------------------------------------------------------
;transmission line
;--------------------------------------------------------
LN1.Sn = SN
LN1.Un = URN

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 12

LN1.Fn = FN
LN1.Ra = RL
LN1.La = LL
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Circuit breaker
;--------------------------------------------------------
CB1.Ron = Ron
CB1.Roff = Roff
CB1.dt = dt
CB1.Fn = FN
CB2.Ron = Ron
CB2.Roff = Roff
CB2.dt = dt
CB2.Fn = FN
CB3.Ron = Ron
CB3.Roff = Roff
CB3.dt = dt
CB3.Fn = FN
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Grounds
;--------------------------------------------------------
GND1.R = RGRND
GND1.Fn = FN
GND2.R = RGRND
GND2.Fn = FN
GND3.R = RGRND
GND3.Fn = FN
;--------------------------------------------------------
;Voltage regulator
;--------------------------------------------------------
VREG1.k = k
VREG1.T1 = T1
VREG1.T2 = T2
VREG1.T3 = T3
VREG1.T4 = T4
VREG1.Tms = Tms
VREG1.Tst = Tst
VREG1.poF1 = poF1
VREG1.puF1 = puF1
VREG1.poF2 = poF2
VREG1.puF2 = puF2
VREG1.poF3 = poF3
VREG1.puF3 = puF3

- INITIAL CONDITIONS :

- DISTURBANCES :

30:CB2.ABC=OFF

Explanation

The following modifications are done:

- the number of pairs poles Pp of the generator is adapted to the nominal value of the
turbine;
f network  60
o Pp =
N[rpm]

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 13

- the nominal apparent power Sn is re-evaluated for this unit considering losses and
power factor;
P[W ] P[W ]
o Sn = 
electrique  cos( ) 0.98  cos( )
- for this example, it has been chosen to adapt the rated value Ifd0 (corresponding to the
“Excitation current corresponding to the no- load rated voltage on the air - gap line (no
saturation)”) to the nominal apparent power Sn using the following expression:
1 rf  S n
o Ifd 0 =  ;
xad Rf
o and assuming the same rf, xad and Rf, we obtain new Ifd0;

- specified operating point of the synchronous machine SM1 is modified to correspond

to no-load condition;
- stator and rotor parameters of the deleted mechanical masses elements are removed;
- disturbance corresponding to the circuit breaker CB2 opening are set to happen for
t=30s.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 14

3 Initial condition determination

3.1 Inisim

Click the Inisim menu to launch the Inisim procedure. After that the active and reactive power
are stabilized, press any key, see Figure 3.1.1, then press <e> to go out of the Inisim procedure
and press <s> to update the initial conditions.

Figure 3.1.1: End of the Inisim

At the end of Inisim, as the synchronous machine SM1 is connected to the turbine Fturb1
through the mechanical masses, the specified operating torque of the turbine is automatically
set-up to the value corresponding the synchronous specified operating point.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 15

3.2 Simulation parameters

Select the following submenu command:

Parameters Simulation Parameters

Fill the main file as follows:

- COMMENT :

- SIMULATION PARAMETERS :

Time min [sec] = 0.0000000000000

Time max [sec] = 100.00000000000
Integration step [sec] = 0.0002000000000
Precision for immediate events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Precision for simultaneous events [%] = 1.0000000000000
Integration process [-] = RK45
Write in output files every [1] = 5
Initial conditions from [E/M] = E
Disturbances activated [Y/N] = YES

- CONSTANT DATA :

;--------------------------------------------------------
;Rated values
;--------------------------------------------------------
…

Explanation

The duration of the stabilization simulation is set to 100 s. To speed up the determination of
the initial conditions of the hydraulic part of the example, the integration time step is reduced
to dt = 0.0002s.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 16

3.3 InHydro

Click the InHydro menu to enter stabilization mode. Then, in the menu InHydro select
Francis Turbine: Nc, Tc => y then answer Yes to the next question and press <c> to launch
the InHydro procedure. Note that “Warning” messages related to the main parameters file are
display. The simulation for initial condition determination starts. When the stabilization
simulation is terminated, the simulation window looks as shown in figure 3.3.1.

Figure 3.3.1: End of the stabilization

Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Then, save the last calculated point by pressing the <s> key, to use it as initial condition for
the next simulation.
The window closes automatically.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 17

3.4 InHydro results

Figure 3.4.1: Initial condition determination values of the turbine1

Explanation

According to the specified operating conditions of the synchronous machine, the turbine has
reached the no load conditions by adapting the guide vane opening. All values are stabilized
after 100s.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 18

4 Simulation model setup

4.1 Parameters of the elements

4.1.1 Fpoint Fp1

- GENERAL DATA :

Name = FP1
Comment =
Writing = YES

- REFERENCES X :

FP1 Time 1 0

- REFERENCES Y :

FTURB1 y 1 0

- DATA :

x1 [s] : 0 y1 [1] : 4.58629029516E-0001

x2 [s] : 1 y2 [1] : 4.58629029516E-0001
x3 [s] : 16 y3 [1] : 0.9
x4 [s] : 30 y4 [1] : 0.9
x5 [s] : 36 y5 [1] : 0.3
x6 [s] : 52 y6 [1] : 0
x7 [s] : 100 y7 [1] : 0

Explanation

The guide vane opening is set to the value obtained from InHydro for 1s, then power acceptance
is simulated by increasing linearly the guide vane until 90% guide vane opening, and after 30s,
an emergency closing law is undertaken as the circuit breaker CB2 is opened.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 19

5 Simulation

5.1 Simulation

Click the Sim menu to enter simulation mode and answer Yes to the next question. The
simulation starts. When the simulation is terminated, the simulation window looks as shown in
figure 5.1.1.

Figure 5.1.1: End of the simulation

Please wait until you can read the last simulation message
‘End of simulation: <s> = save and update, <any other key> = quit’.

Close the simulation window without saving the last calculated point by pressing <any other
key>.
The window closes automatically.

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SIMSEN Tutorial 8: HYDROELECTRIC TRANSIENT 20

5.2 Simulation results

Figure 5.2.1: Simulated values of the turbine

Figure 5.2.2: Simulated values of the turbine

Explanation

From no-load conditions, the turbine increases power until reaching 60% of power and after
14s (t=30s), an emergency shutdown is undertaken.

End of Tutorial

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