Properties

of
Gases
Presentation by: Ms. Justeen A. Ramasasa
 Learning Target:
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:

1. Describe the properties of gases

2. Understand the kinetic molecular theory of gases

3. Apply the gas laws to problems involving the

temperature, volume and pressure of a contained gas.
ACTIVITY: My
Property of Symbol
Properties! Gases
Definition

1. Pressure
DIRECTION: In less than 3
minutes. Try to research 2. Volume
the four properties of
gases and their 3.
corresponding symbol Temperature
and definition.
4. Amount of
Substance =
 GASES
Mix well

Takes the shape of the container

Most compressible

Lower density that solid and liquid – move in random motion,

collide with each other and the walls of the container.
 𝑚
𝐾𝑔 𝑚 = 1 𝑁. 𝑚
𝑠2
1. A gas consists of very small particles. The particles are
in constant, random, and straight-line motion.

▪Gases, similar to the first two

states, are made up of atoms.
These atoms are constantly
moving in a random and
straight – line motion.
 2. The particles of a gas are separated by distances much larger than
their size. The attractive forces between particles are negligible, and
the particles act independently.

▪ Gas molecules have spaces that is greater than its

atomic size. Since there is a space between the
atoms, the intermolecular forces of attraction
between the particles are negligible, and that the
particles continue to hit each other, thus,
constantly changing its individual velocities.
3. The gas particles collide with each other and with the
walls of the container in a perfectly elastic manner.

▪ Collision between and among the particles and

walls of the containers are perfectly elastic,
which means to say that momentum, speed and
total kinetic energy is kept by the particle even
after hitting another particle or wall of the
container.
 4. The average Kinetic Energy of the gas particles is
proportional to the absolute temperature.

▪ Since the particles of gases have independent

velocities, so as with its kinetic energy. But when taken
as an entire system, the average kinetic energy of the
particles, which also translates to the temperature of the
substance, has direct relations to the movement of
particles. When the temperature is absolute (0
Kelvin) the movement of particles stop, thus, the
average KE of the particles is zero.
 Measurable Properties of Gases
Property of Gas Symbol Standard Unit (SI) Description Conversion Factors

Volume V L ( Liter ) - Refers to the amount of 1 L = 1,000 mL

space being occupied by the 1 mL = 1 cm3
object. 1 m3 = 1,000,000 cm3

Pressure P atm (atmosphere) - Refers to the force applied 1 atm = 760 mmHg
per unit of surface area. 1 atm = 760 torrs
1 atm = 1.01325 bar
1 atm = 101. 325 KPa
1 atm = 101, 325 N / m2 or Pa

Temperature T K ( Kelvin ) - The average kinetic energy K = OC + 273.15

of the particles. OC = 5 / 9 ( OF – 32 )

OF = (9 / 5) OC + 32

Amount of Substance n ( small Kg / M (Kilogram per - The amount of substance n = m / M (mass divided by
or Number of Moles letter ) Mole) or g / M ( grams per that comprises matter. molar mass )
Mole)
 CONVERSION PRACTICE
1. 2.75 L to gal(US)
2. 1,521 mmHg to bars
O
3. 0 C to K
1.) 5.75 L to gal(US)
1 𝑔𝑎𝑙
5.75 L x = 1.52 gal
3.78541 𝐿
*https://opentextbc.ca/intermedia
tealgebraberg/chapter/chapter-1-
6-unit-conversion-word-problems/
2.) 1,521 mmHg to bars
1.01325 𝑏𝑎𝑟
1,521 mmHg x = 2.03 bar
760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
Pressure Equivalents / Conversion
1 atm = 760 mmHg
1 atm = 760 torrs
1 atm = 1.01325 bar
1 atm = 101. 325 KPa
1 atm = 101, 325 N / m 2 or Pa
3.) 0 OC to K 4.) - 73.15 OC to K
K = OC + 273.15 K = OC + 273.15
K = 273.15 K = -73.15 + 273.15
K = 200
5.) 75 K to OC
K = OC + 273.15
GAS LAWS
GAS LAWS
• 17th century
• Volume
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Amount of Gas

✓ Boyle's Law
✓ Charles' Law,
✓ Gay-Lussac’s Law
✓ Combined Gas Law
Boyle's Law
▪ In 1662, Robert Boyle an
English Chemist.
▪ Who investigated the
relationship between
pressure and volume of a
gas when temperature is
held constant.
▪ Experiment using J-tube.
▪States that pressure and volume of a gas is
inversely proportional to each other. An
increase in the pressure will cause a
decrease in volume under constant
temperature.
▪In equation:
P ∞ 1 /V
▪Adding a constant into this equation and
equating it to the constant it will become:
PV = k
▪Where:
▪ P – Pressure
▪ V – Volume
▪ k – Constant ( Temperature)
▪ If a certain gas changes pressure and volume at
constant temperature in a given time, then, there
will be an initial and final pressure and volume,
thus, the equation for Boyle’s Law:
P1V1 = P2V2
▪ Where:
▪ P1 and V1 – INITIAL Pressure and Volume
▪ P2 and V2 – FINAL Pressure and Volume
Example: Problem Solving!
▪ A gas tank holds 15 L of Hydrogen at a
pressure of 25 atm. How many liters
will the gas occupy if the pressure is
changed to 10 atm at constant Equation: V1P1 = V2P2
temperature?
V1P1 = V2P2
P2 P2
Given: V1 = 15 L
V2 = V1P1
P1 = 25 atm
P2
P2 = 10 atm Solution: V2 = (15 L) (25 atm)
10 atm
Required: V2 = ?
Answer: V2 = 37.5 L
Example #2:
A Hydrogen tank holds 36 L of Hydrogen at a
pressure of 78 atm. How many liters will the gas
occupy if the pressure is changed to 30 atm at
constant temperature?
Example #3:
A sample of a gas has an initial volume of 2500 L
at 760 torrs. What will be its final pressure if the
volume changed to 1000 mL?
Conversion!
1. An area in a mountain has an Convert atm to kPa
atmospheric pressure of 816 1 atm = 101.325 kPa
mmHg. What is the measurement
in atm and kPa?
▪ Convert mmHg to atm using 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
conversion units. 1.07 atm × 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
1 atm = 760mmHg = 108 kPa

1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
816 mmHg × 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔

= 1.07atm
1 atm = 760mmHg, 1 atm = 101.325 kPa, 1 atm = 760 torr, 1 atm = 14.7 psi
2. The pressure of a gas 3. The pressure of the air in a
is 725 torr. What is the mountain is 0.843 atm what will be
pressure of a gas in the height of the mercury column in
atm?
a barometer?
1 atm = 760 torr
1 atm = 760mmHg
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
725 torr × 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
760 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 0.843 atm × 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚

= 0.9539 atm
= 640.68 mmHg
Convert us! 2. 1000 atm to torr =

1000 atm x 760 torr

1.798 mmHg to atm = 1 atm
2.1000 atm to torr = = 76,000 torr
3.500 torr to mmHg =
3. 500 torr to mmHg =
1. 798 mmHg to atm =
500 torr x 760 mmHg
798 mmHg x 1 atm 760 torr
760 mmHg
= 498.69 mmHg
= 1.05 atm
 Conversion! 2. Convert 25 oC to oF = ____

oF = (9/5) oC + 32
▪ K = oC+273.15
oF = (1.8) 25 oC + 32
▪ oC = 5/9 (oF – 32)
= 45 + 32
▪ oF = (9/5) oC + 32 = 77 oF

Example:
1. What is 100 oC to K = ____ 3. Convert 212 oF to oC = ____

oC = 5/9 (oF – 32)

K = oC+273
oC = 5/9 (212 oF – 32)
K = 100 oC + 273
= 373 K = 5/9 (180)
= 100 oC
Convert us! 2. 210 oC to oF = ____

1.140 oF to oC = ____ oF = (9/5) oC + 32

oF = (1.8) 210 oC + 32
2.210 oC to oF = ____ = 378 + 32
= 410 oF
3.200 oC to K = ____
3. 200 oC to K = ____
1. 140 oF to oC = ____
K = oC+273
oC = 5/9 (oF – 140) K = 200 oC + 273
oC = 5/9 (140 oF – 32)
= 473 K
= 5/9 (108)
= 60 oC
Conversion!
1 L = 1,000 mL, 1L = 1 cm3, 1L = 1,000,000 cm3

1.560 mL to L = 2. 76 L to mL =
56 mL x 1L 76 L x 1000 mL
1000 mL 1L
= 0.56 L = 76,000 mL
Example #3:
A sample of a gas has an initial volume of 2,000 mL
at 750 torrs. What will be its final pressure if the
volume changed to 1,000 mL?
GRESA Method:
Given: V1 = 2,000 mL x 1L
1,000 mL = 2 L
P1 = 750 torrs x 1 atm Solution: P2 = (2 L) (0.99 atm)
760 torrs = 0.99 atm 1L
V2 = 1,000 mL x 1L
1,000 L = 1L Answer: P2 = 1.98 atm
Required: P2 = ?

Equation: V1P1 = V2P2

V1P1 = V2P2
V2 V2

P2 = V1P1
V2
Charles’ Law
▪ Jacques Charles
▪ French Inventor, Mathematician, Scientist and
Balloonist
▪ Investigated the relationship between volume
and temperature of an ideal gas at constant
pressure.
▪ In equation:
V ∞T
▪Adding a constant into this equation and
equating it to the constant it will become:
𝑽
= k
𝑻
▪Where:
▪ V – Volume (in Liters)
▪ T – Temperature (in Kelvin)
▪ k – Constant ( pressure)
▪If a certain gas changes temperature and
volume at constant pressure in a given time,
then, there will be an initial and final
temperature and volume, thus, the equation
for Charles’ Law:
𝑽𝟏 𝑽𝟐
=
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐
▪Where:
▪ V1 and T1 – INITIAL Temperature and Volume
▪ V2 and T2 – FINAL Temperature and Volume
Example: Problem Solving!
▪ A balloon is filled to a volume of 2.20 L at a temperature of 22OC. The
balloon is then heated to a temperature of 71OC. Find the new volume of the
balloon.

𝑽𝟏 𝑽
Equation: = 𝑻𝟐
Given: V1 = 2.20 L 𝑻𝟏 𝟐

T1 = K = 22 OC + 273 = 295 K V2 = V1T2

T2 = K = 71 OC + 273 = 344 K T1
Solution: V2 = (2.20 L) (344 K)
Required: V2 = ?
295 K

Answer: V2 = 2.57 L
Gay-Lussac’s Law
▪Joseph Louis Gay – Lussac
▪French Chemist
▪Investigated the relationship between
temperature and pressure of an ideal gas.
▪Pressure and temperature of the gas is
directly proportional under constant
volume.
▪In equation:
P ∞T
▪Adding a constant into this equation it will
become:
P = (k) T
▪Where:
▪ P – Pressure
▪ T – Temperature
▪ k – Constant ( Volume)
▪ Isolating the constant on the right side of the equation, it will
become:
P/ T = (k)

▪ SITUATION A – P / T = (k)
▪ SITUATION B – P / T = (k)
▪ Pressure and temperature in situation A and B is different from
each other, even if there is no change in the volume (k) of the
gas.
▪ Thus, we label it as 1 for initial P and T in situation A and 2 for
final P and T in situation B.
▪Final Base Equation for Gay – Lussac’s Law
𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐
=
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐
▪Where:
▪ P1 and T1 – INITIAL Pressure and Temperature
▪ P2 and T2 – FINAL Pressure and Temperature
Example: Problem Solving!
1. What will happen to a can of spray paint containing only the propellant at a
pressure of 750 torr at 30OC if it is thrown at a heap of garbage burning at
165OC?

𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐
Given: P1 = 750 torr x 1atm Equation: =
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐
760 torr = 0.99 atm
T1 = K = 30 OC + 273 = 303 K P2 = P1T2
T2 = K = 165 OC + 273 = 438 K T1
Solution: P2 = (0.99 atm) (438 K)
Required: P2 = ? 303 K

Answer: P2 = 1.43 atm

Combined Gas Law
▪In nature, it is hard to keep any of the volume,
temperature or pressure of a gas.
▪When these properties change all at once, we
use the Combined Gas Law.
▪Combination of all the three laws –Boyle’s,
Charles’ and Gay-Lussac’s Law.
▪States that pressure is directly
proportional to temperature and
inversely proportional to the volume.
▪In proportionality:
𝑻
P∞
𝑽
▪The constant is the number of moles (n) of the
gas.
▪Adding the constant in the proportionality:
𝑻
P= (𝐤)
𝑽
▪Equating it to the constant:
𝑷𝑽
=𝐤
𝑻
▪Equating it to the constant:
𝑷𝑽
=𝐤
𝑻
▪Where:
P – Pressure
V – Volume
T – Temperature
K – number of moles
▪ If you have a gas that changes its pressure, volume and
temperature all at once, without changing its number
of moles, then we have initial and final values of that
gas.
𝑷𝑽
▪ Situation A 𝑻
=𝐤

𝑷𝑽
▪ Situation B 𝑻
=𝐤
 𝑷𝟏 𝐕𝟏
▪Situation A =𝐤
𝐓𝟏

𝑷𝟐 𝐕𝟐
▪Situation B 𝐓𝟐
=𝐤
▪Thus, base equation for combined
gas law:
𝑷𝟏 𝐕𝟏 𝑷𝟐 𝐕𝟐
=
𝐓𝟏 𝐓𝟐

Where:
▪ P1 , V1 and T1 – INITIAL Pressure, Volume and Temperature
▪ P2 , V2 and T2 – FINAL Pressure, volume and Temperature
Example: Problem Solving!
▪Find the volume of a gas at STP when 2.00 liters is
collected at 745.0 mm Hg and 25.0 degrees Celsius.
Given: P1 = 745.0 mmHg x 1 atm = 0.98 atm
760 mmHg
V1 = 2.00 L Required: V2 = ?

T1 = K = 25.0 OC + 273 = 298 K

P2 = 760.0 mmHg x 1 atm = 1 atm

760 mmHg

T2 = 273 K
 𝑷𝟏 𝐕𝟏 𝑷𝟐 𝐕𝟐
Equation: =
𝐓𝟏 𝐓𝟐

P1V1T2 = P2V2T1

V2 = (P1V1T2)
(P2T1)

Solution: V2 = (0.98 atm) (2.00 L) (273 K)

(1 atm) (298 K)

V2 = 535.08
298

Answer: 1.795 L or 1.80 L

 1. A gas tank holds 36 L of Hydrogen at a pressure of 78
atm. How many liters will the gas occupy if the
ACTIVITY: Problem pressure is changed to 30 atm at constant
Solving… temperature?
Direction:
Solve the following 2. A balloon is filled to a volume of 5.20 L at a
problem using the temperature of 25OC. The balloon is then heated to a
formulas of the temperature of 50OC. Find the new volume of the
different gas law. balloon.

3. What will happen to a can of spray paint containing

only the propellant at a pressure of 750 mmHg at 27
K if it is thrown at a heap of garbage burning at
34OC?
“It is for freedom that Christ has set us
free. Stand firm, then, and do not let
yourselves be burdened again by a
yoke of slavery.”
- Galatians 5:1