PRESENTATION ABOUT

THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
STARS
WHAT IS A STAR?
What is a star?
• A star is an astronomical object
comprising a luminous spheroid of
plasma held together by self-gravity.
The nearest star to Earth is the Sun.
Many other stars are visible to the
naked eye at night, but their
immense distances from Earth make
them appear as fixed points of light.
Characteristics
of a star
1
COLOR
AND
TEMPERATURE
the common color of a star that
we usually see was color white.
The cause was because the
pigment rhodopsin is sensitive
to green and blue light but our
brains translate all sensations
of light in the rods to a shade of
white.
What is RHODOPSIN?
RHODOPSIN
• It is the opsin of the rod cells in the
retina and a light-sensitive receptor
protein that triggers visual
phototransduction in rods. Rhodopsin
mediates dim light vision and thus is
extremely sensitive to light. When
rhodopsin is exposed to light, it
immediately photobleaches.
so to summarize it. when we saw
a blue star an alnilam star to be
specific. it photobleaches our
vision caused by the rhodopsin
because it is sensitive to strong
light. thats why white star was
the the common star we usually
see in the night sky.
how can we know if a star
is the hottest and the
lowest by color?

•we can identify if it is the hottest

by its color.
ALNILAM
(blue star and
the hottest star)
average surface
temperatures
have been
estimated to be
around 27.500 K.
This means that
Alnilam is around
4.7 times hotter
than our sun.
SIRIUS
(white star)
Sirius is
classified by
astronomers as
an “A” type star.
That means it's a
much hotter star
than our sun.
VEGA STAR
(Also white
star)
Vega is a bluish-white,
class A0 main sequence
star that's 2.1 times as
massive as the Sun and
about 2.5 times as big
located 25 light-years
away.

•Fun fact: the vega star

was the first to be
photographed other
than the sun.
SUN
(yellow star)
The Sun is a 4.5
billion-year-old yellow
dwarf star – a hot
glowing ball of
hydrogen and helium
– at the center of our
solar system. It's
about 93 million miles
(150 million
kilometers) from
Earth and it's our solar
system's only star.
 EPSILON
IRIDANI
(orange star)
Epsilon Eridani is
smaller and less
massive than the Sun,
and has a lower level
of elements heavier
than helium. It is a
main-sequence star
of spectral class K2,
with an effective
temperature of about
5,000 K (8,500 °F),
giving it an orange hue.
PROXIMA
CENTAURI
(Red star) also
known as redwarf
Of all the stars in the
universe — and there
are untold billions of
them — Proxima
Centauri, a run-of-
the-mill red dwarf
star, is closest to the
Sun. It's about 14%
the Sun's diameter
and located in the
southern celestial
sky.
2
SIZE
SUN
• Because the Sun continues to 'burn'
hydrogen into helium in its core, the
core slowly collapses and heats up,
causing the outer layers of the Sun
to grow larger. This has been going
on since soon after the Sun was
formed 4.5 billion years ago.
causing the size to be 1.3927
million km.
PROXIMA CENTAURI
• In 2002, VLTI used optical
interferometry to measure an
angular diameter of 1.02 ± 0.08
milliarcsec for Proxima Centauri.
Knowing its distance, the actual
diameter can be determined to be
about 1/7 that of the Sun, or 1.5
times that of Jupiter.
EPSILON IRIDANI
• Epsilon Iridani has an estimated
mass of 0.82 solar masses and a
radius of 0.74 solar radii. It shines
with a luminosity of only 0.34
solar luminosities.
VEGA
•Vega has a radius of
around 1.1 million mi /
1.8 million km, about 2.5
times bigger than our
Sun.
SIRIUS
•Sirius itself has a mass
two times that of the Sun
and a diameter of 1.5
million miles (2.4 million
kilometers). At 8.6 light-
years away.
ALNILAM
• Alnilam is a supergiant star of the
spectral type B0 Ia, appearing
bluish or blue-white in colour. It is
about 40 times more massive than
the Sun and has a radius 32.4 times
solar. Its estimated luminosity is in
the range between 275,000 and
832,000 times that of the Sun.
What are the factors
that may affect the
brightness of a star?
DISTANCE
• The brightness of a star is
inversely proportional to the
square of its distance from Earth.
So, the farther a star is from
Earth, the dimmer it appears.
• The brightness of a star
decreases as the distance
between the star and the
observer increases. This is
known as the inverse square law.
SIZE
• The size of a star plays an important
role in determining its brightness.
Generally, larger stars are brighter
than smaller stars because they have
more surface area to emit light.The
brightness of a star is directly related
to its size, because larger stars have
more surface area to emit light.
TEMPERATURE
• The temperature of a star also
affects its brightness. Hotter stars
emit more light than cooler stars.
This is because the energy output of
a star is directly related to its
temperature.The temperature of a
star also affects its brightness, with
hotter stars emitting more light than
cooler stars.
MASS
• The mass of a star also influences its
brightness. Generally, more massive stars
are brighter than less massive stars. This
is because more massive stars have a
higher rate of nuclear fusion, which
produces energy and light.The mass of a
star affects its brightness because more
massive stars have a higher rate of energy
production through nuclear fusion.
AGE
• The age of a star can also affect its
brightness. Young stars are
generally brighter than older stars
because they have not yet used up
all of their fuel.The age of a star can
also affect its brightness, with
younger stars generally being
brighter than older stars.
COMPOSITION
• The composition of a star also
plays a role in its brightness. Stars
with higher metal content tend to
be brighter than stars with lower
metal content.
VARIABILITY
• Some stars are variable in
brightness, meaning that their
brightness changes over time.
This can be due to a variety of
factors, including pulsations,
eclipses, or changes in the star's
atmosphere.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING