THE EFFECT OF USING MUSA PARADISIACA AS AN ALTERNATIVE IN

MAKING SANITARY NAPKINS

A Capstone Project Presented to the Faculty

of Senior High School Department

San Diego Parochial School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Subject STEM-Based

Capstone Project

Alvareda, Neslie Mae

Cadawas, Jessie Mae P.
Legaspi, Mayline Anne S.
Policarpio, Jace Matthew D.
Santos, Ralph Luigi M.

April 2023
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APPROVAL SHEET
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To God, the Almighty, be given praise and thanks for providing direction,

strength, and blessings throughout the execution of this study effort;

To San Diego Parochial School, the location where this project was learned

and experienced, for devoting their time and efforts to judging its effectiveness and

showcasing this final output, as well as to other researchers who never shied away

from offering their assistance.

To the dearest principal of the school, Sr. Susana B. Bundoc, O.P., who gave

her blessing to this endeavor and made it possible;

To the research adviser, Mr. Roberto C. Dizon, for his leadership during this

study and assistance in making this project successful, as well as for his excellence

and never-ending encouragement;

To the many writers and sources of the studies for sharing your expertise on

numerous subjects with the researchers to help them produce this study paper and

product;

Finally, thanks to the researchers' families, friends, and companions for

offering advice throughout the course of this endeavor. For your unending love,

encouragement, support, and motivation to keep working on this project;

The researchers sincerely thank you for your unwavering assistance and your

selfless contribution of your time to this achievement.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Title Page
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
SCIENTIFIC STUDIES AND LITERATURE
PROCEDURAL DESCRIPTION
SUMMARY
CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS

Reference List
Accomplishment Report
Resume
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INTRODUCTION
Sanitary pad, which is also known as sanitary napkin or menstrual pad, is a

layered-textile product that absorbs and retains menstrual products. Leak proofing,

good fit to body contour, dryness, and material comfort and hygiene are all desirable

functional properties (Naresh, 2022). Based on a health study in Korea, the most used

type of menstrual product are sanitary napkins followed by cloth menstrual pads, and

cups. Disposable sanitary napkins are also the common product in the market (Choi,

et al., 2021). It is an important part of menstrual hygiene and for women to take

hygiene practices to reduce the risk of vaginal infections, bacteria, or disease (Centers

for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022).

Menstrual hygiene management is a significant issue in the water, sanitation,

and hygiene (WASH) sector. Every day, millions of menstruating girls and women in

low-income countries struggle to find safe places to change and adequate blood-

absorbing materials (Crofts & Fisher, 2016). Thus, more affordable and eco friendly

sanitary products are in need to sustain the wide population of women specially in the

low- income countries like Philippines. Unfortunately, one aspect of this topic that is

not discussed or addressed as frequently is the extent to which sanitary napkins are

harmful to both the environment and human health. Although they are useful and

sanitary, they generate a lot of plastic waste (Abitha & Peter, 2021).

The conventional techniques of controlling menstruation bleeding include

using flimsy absorbent materials like paper, cotton, wool, and even leaves.
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Additionally, menstrual hygiene products are often disposed of in abandoned areas or

latrines to avoid embarrassment because public places like shopping malls and

schools lack appropriate disposal facilities. This leads to environmental pollution. In

addition, most sanitary napkins contain chemicals that may disrupt the natural system

of the private area. Manufacturers use the addition of these substances to entice

customers to purchase more sanitary napkins. Another way to address this matter,

while aligning with current habits is the use of fabric pads and/or disposable pads

manufactured from biodegradable materials such as hyacinth and banana fibres. This

explains how commonly available fabrics of biodegradable natural fibres can be used

as sanitary pads (Arumugaprabu & Sivaranjana, 2021).

In this research, researchers created a sanitary napkin using banana fibers.

These days, many people have struggles in using napkins because of the chemicals

that are used. In addition, this is helpful in our environment because apart from

creating sanitary napkins it is helpful in the environment at the same time.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Sanitary napkin contributes to the increasing pollution and waste problem

since napkins are made of plastic and cotton, and are made to degrade for a long time.

Most of the napkin that ends up in landfills are one use or disposable which could end

up in sewages without proper management. To add, most sanitary napkins include

chemicals that disrupts the natural system of the private area. Chemicals are the

common irritants found in sanitary napkin that causes bacterial infection, heavier

menstrual period than normal, skin discoloration, and odor. These chemicals are

added as a marketing tactic of manufacturers for consumers to buy more sanitary

napkins.

The purpose of this study is to develop a biodegradable sanitary napkin made

of Musa paradisiaca (banana fibers) as an alternative material. This product is not a

replacement for commercial sanitary napkins on the market but rather an alternative

to reduce the waste problem surrounding the industry and a low-cost menstrual

product as the extraction and supply of banana fibers are abundant in the Philippines

without the addition of chemicals that disrupt the natural hormones or balance of the

private area.
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SCIENTIFIC STUDIES AND LITERATURE

The paper gives a closer view on the papers’ related literature, significant

theoretical underpinnings, and a brief survey of related studies on properties of Musa

paradisiaca, problems with sanitary napkins, and studies on compostable napkins.

These will provide the bases for the systematic analyses of data that will form the

findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study.

Properties of Musa paradisiaca. Bananas were given the Linnean name

Musa paradisiaca, making it technically the type species for the genus Musa. It is

Carl Linnaeus, the founder of modern taxonomy, who coined the name to the genus

after appropriating it from Georg Eberhard Rumphius. A specimen grown in George

Clifford's glasshouse outside of Haarlem, the Netherlands, and renowned for being

the first banana to flower in Europe, was the only banana Linnaeus was familiar with.

It refers to the hybrid of Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana bananas, where this

latin binomial names are considered synonymous to Musa paradisiaca (Vézina,

2013).

The development of new eco-friendly green materials based on sustainability

principles has been made possible by concerns about environmental pollution and

resource conservation. In one study, the hybrid carbon and banana fibers were tested

for their tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and water absorption. The

investigation concluded that banana fibers absorbed between 62.8% and 98% more

water than carbon fibers (Kumar, et al., 2017).

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Banana fibers have hydrophilic properties that attract water molecules. The

main component of banana fibers is 60% to 65% cellulose, along with 6% to 19%

hemicellulose and 3% to 5% pectin. Though there are some hydrophobic components,

such as lignin, oil, and wax, it still has a high percentage of hydrophilic properties for

water absorption (Bhatnagar, 2015).

In a similar study, Begum, et al., (2021), the absorption of banana fibers is

compared to when it is treated with alkali. The alkali treatment removes the wax and

oil present in the fibers while decreasing lignin, a hydrophobic component in the

fiber. The fiber goes through a process of conditioning before it is tested with alkali

treatment. Raw banana fiber naturally has less wax and oil compared to cotton, and

due to the conditioning, the hydrophobic lignin is removed, resulting in high water

absorption. However, it reduces water absorption when treated with alkali as it affects

the cellulose and hemicellulose structures of the fiber, which are responsible for water

absorption.

Furthermore, the chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties

were found to be the suitable raw materials for various applications. Basu, et al.,

(2021) conducted a study where banana fibers are chemically treated and combined

with ramie fibers where results shows that banana fiber can be used for textiles. In a

similar study, the effects of various alkali and softening treatments on the mechanical,

chemical, and physical characteristics of yarns and fabrics made from cotton and

banana fiber blends. Several amounts of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrogen

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peroxide (H 2 O2), and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO3) were used to scour, bleach, and

mercerize fibers. Aloe Vera, castor oil, cotton seed oil, and soap were used to soften

the fibers. By eliminating both natural and artificial impurities and creating a rough

surface topography, the retting and alkalization processes enhance the fiber surface

adhesive properties. While the oils have reduced the fibre roughness. Through these

treatments, banana fibers can be used for textile and other uses (Elayaperumal, 2016).

A review on characterization of banana fibers by Nallakumarasamy, et al.,

(2015), shows that natural fibers have more biodegradability than synthetic fibers

where it can be used as eco-friendly materials. The extraction of banana fibers is low

cost and through chemical treatments, the fiber’s strength and water absorption may

be improved for industrial uses and other purposes.

A review of banana fiber-based hybrid composites Arumugaprabu and

Sivaranjana (2021), shows that it has excellent mechanical properties and moisture

absorption. However, there are few studies of its flammability and electrical

resistance, but the composites showed greater thermal stability than other natural

fibers. The Banana Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (Atreya, et al., n.d.) were

showed under scanning electron microscopy to observe the fracture behavior of the

fibers. It showed that when combined with epoxy resin composites or other natural

fibers, it can withstand high loads of stress or impact.

Problems with Sanitary Napkins. A wide range of menstrual hygiene

products are now available. Menstrual hygiene and health, on the other hand, remain
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a global issue linked to education, socioeconomic inequality, and the environment. A

sanitary pad is a layered-textile product that absorbs and retains menstrual products.

Leak proofing, good fit to body contour, dryness, and material comfort and hygiene

are all desirable functional properties. Commercial disposable pads made of super

absorbent polymer material with a polyethylene back cover have raised concerns

about chemical hazards and pollution (Naresh, 2022).

Menstrual hygiene management is a significant issue in the water, sanitation,

and hygiene (WASH) sector. Every day, millions of menstruating girls and women in

low-income countries struggle to find safe places to change and adequate blood-

absorbing materials (Crofts & Fisher, 2016). Unfortunately, one aspect of this topic

that is not discussed or addressed as frequently is the extent to which sanitary napkins

are harmful to both the environment and human health. Although they are useful and

sanitary, they generate a lot of plastic waste (Abitha & Peter, 2021).

Cultural taboos and collectively shaped menstrual outcomes in developing

countries, such that disposable pads gained popularity while knowledge of menstrual

hygiene and reusable alternatives remained low and levels of period poverty remained

high. Researchers investigated whether information and choice matter for menstrual

outcomes using data from a community-based intervention with 277 Indian women.

Exposure to information and access to alternatives increased preference for reusables

and better waste management practices significantly. It also increased knowledge of

menstrual management and alternatives, but traditional menstrual beliefs remain

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entrenched. It is concluded that, while existing informational asymmetries limit the

uptake of reusables, informed choice as a policy tool has the potential to reduce

period poverty sustainably (Garikipati & Philips-Howard, 2017).

A tangled web of traditional taboos, markets, and government policies have

merged to create and support asymmetric information in menstrual health, promoting

the single product category of disposable pads. This has profoundly influenced

menstruating women's beliefs and behavioral practices, with negative consequences

for environmental ecosystems. It also severely limits women's agency in the selection

of menstrual products because awareness of alternatives is low. Analyzing women's

responses when presented with information on other menstrual alternatives suggests

that 'informed choice' has the potential to steer the menstrual health market in a more

sustainable direction as a policy tool. These findings are especially relevant now,

given the supply chain vulnerabilities exposed by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

The most popular types of products are currently the most harmful to the natural

environment, owing to the amount of hidden plastic in disposable items. Currently,

the most popular types of products are also the most detrimental to the natural

environment, particularly due to the amount of hidden plastic in disposable items

(Ahuja & Singh, 2018).

The menstrual hygiene product market has been shaped by imperfect

information and a culture of silence surrounding menstruation. The use of sanitary

napkins is widely regarded as equivalent to hygiene. This point of view is critically

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examined in light of the evidence. Materials used in sanitary napkin products have

evolved significantly in a highly competitive market. Policymakers and regulators

must be informed about the nature of products entering the Indian market, as well as

their implications for women's health and environmental costs. The menstrual

hygiene product market has been shaped by imperfect information and a culture of

silence surrounding menstruation. The use of sanitary napkins is widely regarded as

equivalent to hygiene. This point of view is critically examined in light of the

evidence. Materials used in sanitary napkin products have evolved significantly in a

highly competitive market. Policymakers and regulators must be informed about the

nature of products entering the Indian market, as well as their implications for

women's health and environmental costs (Mahajan, 2019).

Unflushable product disposal in the toilet is an ongoing issue that is

contributing to environmental and infrastructure challenges such as fatbergs, water

quality, and plastic pollution. Rising scientific and public interest in "throwaway"

cultures, as well as renewed government pressure on water and sewerage companies

to act as water resource custodians, raises questions about how and why harmful

disposal practices occur, and what can be done to change them. There has been little

systematic research on unflushable products to date, and little is known about the

routines and practices that allow unflushable products to enter wastewater systems.

To understand the challenges of unflushables, social science research including

historical, sociological, and anthropological studies of cleanliness and hygiene, as

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well as sociotechnical approaches to the study of household practices and

infrastructures, is being conducted. The paper offers a new conceptualization of the

unflushables challenge based on this research. Researchers contend that unflushables

are a distributed problem, the result of a variety of social, cultural, and material

developments in society rather than a direct result of individual behavior, product

design, or infrastructure decline. These include differences in "flushing" cultures,

gendered expectations in cleanliness practices, the evolution of conventions

surrounding cleanliness and hygiene, infrastructure imaginaries and expectations, and

the political dimensions of infrastructure development and maintenance (Alda-Vidal,

et al., 2020).

The results also indicate that consumers purchase based on their lifestyles;

most women collected enough product information before purchasing while

overcoming the difficulties in dealing with the environment and learning to adapt

them, and the majority of consumers attach importance to comfort, volume, and

duration of blood absorption. The results suggest that the government and private

enterprises should increase and improve sanitation education and sanitary facilities

and guide the approach and serve as an important reference index for the promotion

of eco-friendly menstrual products for environmental benefits.The results also

indicate that consumers purchase based on their lifestyles; most women collected

enough product information before purchasing while overcoming the difficulties in

dealing with the environment and learning to adapt them, and the majority of
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consumers attach importance to comfort, volume, and duration of blood absorption.

The results suggest that the government and private enterprises should increase and

improve sanitation education and sanitary facilities and guide the approach and serve

as an important reference index for the promotion of eco-friendly menstrual products

for environmental benefits.The results also indicate that consumers purchase based on

their lifestyles; most women collected enough product information before purchasing

while overcoming the difficulties in dealing with the environment and learning to

adapt them, and the majority of consumers attach importance to comfort, volume, and

duration of blood absorption. The results suggest that the government and private

enterprises should increase and improve sanitation education and sanitary facilities

and guide the approach and serve as an important reference index for the promotion

of eco-friendly menstrual products for environmental benefits (Lai, et al., 2021).

Studies on Compostable Napkins. In landfill circumstances, synthetic

materials used to make menstrual items do not biodegrade properly. Although there

are biodegradable plant-based menstrual products, they are disposed of in the trash

because there are no alternative options. This study shows the possible risks of and

lack of concern with menstrual fluid and its disposal by contrasting the disposal

methods of regulated trash, biohazards, and biodegradable items. The pathogens

contained in common yard waste, food leftovers, animal rendering, and baby diaper

waste can all be eliminated by industrial composting plants (DaSilva, 2018).

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Used sanitary napkins are typically regarded as residual waste, which is waste

that cannot be recycled or composted and instead ends up in landfills. Yet, since

wood pulp and nonwoven cotton are the two ingredients that make up most feminine

napkins, they can be composted (Batong, et al., n. d.).

Sustainability, accessibility, and longevity are the factors used as the basis for

distinction. The most suitable sustainable alternatives to disposable sanitary napkins

have been found to be menstrual cups, washable cloth pads, and 100% biodegradable

sanitary pads. Women who use disposable sanitary napkins run the danger of

developing cervical cancer, different infections, and interference with their bodies’

natural functions. Commercial plastic sanitary napkins also contribute to climate

change because of how they are made and how menstrual waste is handled

improperly, which suffocates the ecosystem (Bhalla & Maurya, 2020).

Due to their biodegradability, renewability, lightweight nature, and superior

biochemical and strength capabilities, natural fibers of plant and animal origin have

undergone extensive research over the past 20 years and are now gaining relevance

over synthetic counterparts. Natural fibers derived from plants, including banana,

coir, sisal, jute, kenaf, and many others, have been investigated for use in industry.

Banana fiber is particularly interesting among these as it is one of the most consumed

fruits globally, producing 115.7 million tonnes annually in 2018, and is grown in 130

countries, making banana waste accessible locally. Banana plant parts including fruit,
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fruit peel, flower bud, leaves, and pseudo-stem (banana trunk) are used for a variety

of industrial applications (Balda, et al., 2021).

Across the world, the banana or plantain plant (Musa paradisiaca) is a vital,

well-known, and much more beneficial crop. This plant’s flower, stem, fruit, leaves,

trunk, and roots or rhizomes can all be beneficial to not just humans, but also some

other animals and species. The fruit is divided into two categories: edible and

inedible. Around the world, around 75% of edible bananas are grown for their fiber,

which is produced from both plants and is a natural fiber similar to cotton (Devi, et

al., 2022).

In a study, a conventional degradable sanitary pad is remade using organic,

biodegradable materials in an effort to add a more ecologically friendly option while

maintaining the absorbency of the product through numerous sustainability tests.

Following some testing, it is possible to determine which organic components can be

combined to produce a sanitary feminine pad that is safe, biodegradable, and

sustainable (Bayani & Pinera, 2022).

Liu, et al., (2014), studied the use of flax yarn. Because of its abundant

supplies and exceptional qualities of biodegradability and biocompatibility, cellulose-

based superabsorbent has recently received interest as a potential material in several

applications. The absorbent core layer of sanitary napkins is where this study explores

the potential use of a novel flax yarn waste-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)

(FYW/PAA) superabsorbent (Liu, et al., 2014).

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Furthermore, the study Development of eco-friendly herbal finished sanitary

napkin (Asagekar, et al., 2017), focuses on creating a multilayer, environmentally

friendly sanitary napkin using biodegradable materials. To keep the top sheet dry,

hybrid top sheets were created by needle punching wool fiber over cotton non-woven

fabric. By sandwiching SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer) sheet between cotton,

bamboo, and a cotton/bamboo blend (50/50), three different core layer combinations

were tested. As a barrier layer, biodegradable polyethylene plastic was used. The

absorption capacity, strike through, and wet back tests were used to evaluate the

performance of the sanitary napkin. Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica, two

natural plant extracts, were utilized as antibacterial agents. The findings demonstrate

that sanitary pads with a bamboo core and top sheets treated with Azadirachta indica

exhibit the best menstrual hygiene performance.

A study of Environmentally Friendly Menstrual Absorbents Foster and

Montgomery (2021), the absorbency index of some biodegradable materials was

studied with gelatin solution and compared with commercial tampons. Bamboo

cotton sheets have been proven to be the most absorbent natural material compared to

hemp, linen and cotton fabrics. With almost twice the absorbency of commercial

tampons, bamboo pads seem to be the most suitable material to use as sanitary

products because of their excellent absorbency, affordable price, lightweight,

Biodegradable, not harmful to users and the environment. This research is exploratory

and needs repetition and further investigation, but is a promising start in the field.
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Further research may enable girls in low- and middle-income countries to make their

own higher quality tampons than tampons in high-income countries from bamboo in

their villages. Finding this physical material from a technical perspective, if explored

further from a policy and social science perspective, could increase school

attendance, improve girls' educational attainment and is an important step towards

gender equality.

From this study, it can be concluded that. The fibers of Sansevieria trifasciata

(snake plant) have properties for use in feminine hygiene products such as tampons

because of its ecology. User-friendly and biodegradable properties. Quality yarn is

improved after pretreatment with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide.

Furthermore, fibers are treated with Rosa damascena (Damask Rose) extract. The

microencapsulation technique is proven to be a good antibacterial activity against

Pseudomonas sp. E coli. and Candida sp. So, using Sansevieria trifasciata fiber will

be a promising alternative in future development of environmentally friendly sanitary

ware towels to improve your health and hygiene women (Mekala, 2021).

In this study, tampon expectations, perceived performance characteristics of

tampons, functional properties requirements and usage habits of 500 women in

Turkey were evaluated in detail. The most important performance requirements of

tampons have been identified as absorbency, leak resistance, dryness, soft surface and

odor prevention. The most common problems of the respondents were moisture, leaks
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and the need for frequent changes. Therefore, in further studies, the colloidal

properties of the absorbent layer should be improved and some research should also

be done on the moisture management properties of the upper layers, namely the top

and bottom layers. According to survey results, women prefer tampons with better

performance and that means they can spend more money on a better option. In

addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the ratings of some

statements based on respondents` age groups, such as leak prevention, and having

wing ratings as performance criteria. The survey results also indicate that the most

important functional property to add to tampons is antibacterial properties.

Respondents do not like perfume on tampons to cover the smell, they want an

antibacterial system to completely solve this problem. Considering the duration of use

of tampons, the price-performance ratio should be carefully adjusted. Another issue

the survey highlighted was the respondents' lack of confidence in their tampons. They

think that there may be harmful chemicals in tampons and that it can damage their

skin. According to the results of the survey, the frequency of tampon changes is

related to the duration of menstruation. The frequency of tampon changes can be

assessed from many different angles (Kara, 2021).

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PROCEDURAL DESCRIPTION

1. Extract a small trunk from a banana tree, cutting it into thin stalks and further cut

into small pieces.

2. Fill a pot with water and put in the small banana trunk pieces to boil until

softened. This process softens and prepares it for the extraction of banana fibers.
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3. When softened, turn off the stove and let it cool. Rinse the small pieces three

times and it is now ready for fiber extraction.

4. In a blender or food processor, put in the small pieces of banana trunks. Blend

until the fibers are extracted and transfer in a container with water.
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5. Using a silk screen and large container, submerge the silk screen in the container

with the fibers floating. Transfer in a cloth and hang it up to be sun dried.

6. After drying the fibers, they are now shaped into pads. The non-woven fabric and

top layer are also shaped into pads.

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7. Sheets of banana fibers are layered with a non-woven fabric at the bottom. The

pads are then pressed.

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SUMMARY

Sanitary napkin contributes to the increasing pollution and waste problem

since napkins are made of plastic and cotton, and are made to degrade for a long time.

Most of the napkin that ends up in landfills are one use or disposable which could end

up in sewages without proper management. To add, most sanitary napkins include

chemicals that maybe disrupting the natural system of the private area. These

chemicals are added as a tactic of manufacturers for consumers to buy more sanitary

napkins.

The researchers conducted and came up with this kind of project for women to

have an alternative and better environmentally friendly napkin. The project is a

sanitary napkin made from banana fibers. This project is good for health and uses

materials that is environmentally friendly. Additionaly, it did not use any chemical in

the whole procedure of the product.

As the researchers work on the production of the sanitary napkin, the project

involved a significant amount of time in drying as the process is a manual way of

extracting the fibers. The outer layers of the napkin are materials that is easily

accessible to the researchers, but the final output of the product is still subjected for

improvements. However, the study proves that musa paradisiaca is a useful material

in creating a replacement for commercial napkins. On the other hand, in terms of

finances, the researchers did not spend a lot of money on the project; instead, most of

the equipment was merely purchased at minimal cost.

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CONCLUSION

Most of the sanitary napkin available in the market nowadays are made up of cotton,

plastic, chemicals and added fragrance thus making an alternative sanitary napkin

made up of banana fibers. Following the creation of our capstone project, we have

come to the following conclusions:

The product is subjected to experimental research as it can be improved more and it

was not tested and used clinically.

The prototype chemical-free sanitary pad made from banana fibers proved to be a

viable material.

The researchers did not employ any chemicals during the manufacturing process,

which is common in typical sanitary pads. So, we concluded that chemicals are the

most prevalent irritants that might cause illness, whereas a sanitary pad should

provide comfort and hygiene.

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RECOMMENDATION

The researchers discovered a few flaws throughout the development of the product

that can be improved for the following researchers to make it function more

effectively and suitably:

 The fiber can be improved to a texture like cotton using a machine. This is to

enhance the performance of the sanitary pad for better absorption and

provides comfort for the users. However, the machine is not available in the

Philippines, and although there are alternative ways, it might require the use

of chemicals.

 Replacing the materials used for the outer layer for improved functionality

and comfort. The non-woven fabric used in the sanitary napkin can still cause

leakage as the moisture inside the pad sits over a long period of time in which

other materials can be a great alternative to avoid leakage.

 Banana fiber layers and shape should be compacted using a machine.

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REFERENCE LIST

Abitha, K., & Peter, A. (2021, August 22). Menstrual Cup: A replacement to sanitary

pads for a plastic free periods. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.527

Ahuja, P., & Singh, N. (2018). Sustainable menstrual products: A classic or a fad?

International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare.

https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJHRH-05-2022-0038/

full/html

Alda-Vidal, C., Browne, A. L., & Hoolohan, C. (2020, May 3). “Unflushables”:

Establishing a global agenda for action on everyday practices associated with

sewer blockages, water quality, and plastic pollution. Wiley Interdisciplinary

Reviews: Water.

https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wat2.1452

Arumugaprabu, V., & Sivaranjana, P. (2021). A brief review on mechanical and

thermal properties of banana fiber based hybrid composites. SN Applied

Sciences, 3, 1-8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-021-04216-

Asagekar, D., Katkar, M., & Barman, A. (2017). Development of eco-friendly herbal

finished sanitary napkin. International Journal for Innovative Research in

Science & Technology, 4(1), 183-89.

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used to create an environmentally friendly sanitary pad. Academia Self-

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Begum, H. A., Tanni, T. R., & Shahid, M. A. (2021). Analysis of water absorption of

different natural fibers. Journal of Textile Science and Technology, 7(4), 152-

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in India.

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for-Sustainable-Menstruation-in-India-compressed.pdf

Bhatnagar, R., Gupta, G., & Yadav, S. (2015). A review on composition and

properties of banana fibers. Cellulose, 60, 65.

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Crofts, T., & Fisher, J. (2016). Menstrual hygiene in Ugandan schools: an

investigation of low-cost sanitary pads. Loughborough University. Journal

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DaSilva, A. (2018). TerraFemme: A Social Entrepreneurship Investigation into

Composting Menstrual Waste.

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Anna-FINAL.pdf

Devi, R. K., Dhesinghraja, M. J., & Mayandi, K. (2022). Banana Fiber: A

Sustainable Raw Material for Product Development from the Biowaste of

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_FOR_SUSTAINABLE_GROWTH/links/62d27e3bd351bd24f51b037e/

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Foster, J., & Montgomery, P. (2021). A study of environmentally friendly menstrual

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lang=en
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attitude with Eco-friendly menstrual products by consumer lifestyle.

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of banana fiber-a review. Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology, 4(2), 23-

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 SAN DIEGO PAROCHIAL SCHOOL PAGE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT 35

NESLIE MAE ALVAREDA

154 E Dama de Noche St. Paliwas, Obando, Bulacan

09564634007

neslie1003@gmail.com

EDUCATION BACKGROUND

Senior High School San Diego Parochial School, Inc

2021-2023 Polo, Valenzuela City

With Honors

Junior High School San Diego Parochial School, Inc

2017-2021 Polo, Valenzuela City

With Honors

Elementary School San Diego Parochial School, Inc

2011-2017 Polo, Valenzuela City

 SAN DIEGO PAROCHIAL SCHOOL PAGE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT 36

JESSIE MAE P. CADAWAS

12 Avocado St. Balangkas, Valenzuela city

09682190759

cadawasjessie@gmail.com

EDUCATION BACKGROUND

Senior High School San Diego Parochial School, Inc

2021-2023 Polo, Valenzuela City

Junior High School Polo National High School

2017-2021 Paliwas, Obando, Bulacan

Elementary School Arcadio F. Deato Elementary

School

2011-2017 Balangkas, Valenzuela City

 SAN DIEGO PAROCHIAL SCHOOL PAGE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT 37

MAYLINE ANNE S. LEGASPI

003 F. Alcanar St. Wawangpulo, Val City

09359535674

legaspimayline@gmail.com

EDUCATION BACKGROUND

Senior High School San Diego Parochial School, Inc

2022-2023 Polo, Valenzuela City

With Honors

2022-2021 Arellano University

Pascual Avenue, Malabon City

Junior High School Wawangpulo National High

School

2017-2021 Wawangpulo, Valenzuela City

With Honors

Elementary School Wawangpulo Elementary School

2011-2017 Wawangpulo, Valenzuela City

Valedictorian

With High Honors

 SAN DIEGO PAROCHIAL SCHOOL PAGE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT 38

JACE MATTHEW D. POLICARPIO

24p. Deato St. Balangkas, Valenzuela City

09682190759

Policarpiojacematthew@gmail.com

EDUCATION BACKGROUND

Senior High School San Diego Parochial School, Inc

2021-2023 Polo, Valenzuela City

With Honors

Junior High School Emmaus Christian School, Inc

2017-2021 Malanday, Valenzuela City

Elementary School Isla Elementary School

2011-2017 Isla, Valenzuela City