SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE
FOR
GE 116: ART APPRECIATION
_____________________________________________________

WEEK 13
May 17, 2021

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 1 of 33
 COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE CODE : GE 116

TITLE : Art Appreciation
TARGET POPULATION : All students
INSTRUCTOR : MR. RICHARD A. ORONCE, JR. LPT

Overview:

In this world we see a lot of things that we can associate with art. These arts of all kinds
provide beauty and pleasure in our lives. By creating art, it expands our ability to interact with the
world and provides us with a new set of skills for self-expression and communication. Thus, we
always need beautiful things to look at, experience, and enjoy.

Finally, this book also intends to stimulate critical thinking among the students in the
Humanities as it allows them to have the freedom to express and articulate concepts through their
work of art especially in visual, performing, and literary. Hopefully, this will encourage them to
perform well on the subject as they use their God-given faculties to promote arts for the
betterment of themselves and of humanity.

Objective:

The learner will appreciate the universality and diversity of the aesthetic value of
masterpieces among our artists and their art works.

The following are the topics to be discussed

Week 13 MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Week 14 DANCE
Week 15 COMMON TYPES OF DANCES
Week 16 POETRY
Week17 ELEMENTS OF A GOOD POEM
Week 18 FINAL EXAMINATION

Instruction to the Learners

Each chapter in this module contains a major lesson involving the Humanities and Arts,
Function of Arts, Aesthetic Art and Crafts, and Paintings. The lesson are characterized by
continuity, and are arranged in such a manner that the present unit is related to the next unit. For
this reason, you are advised to read this module. After each unit, there are exercises to be given.
Submission of task will be given during your scheduled class hour.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 2 of 33
 WEEK 13
MUSIC

The word “music” comes from the Greek word mousike, “Art of the Muses”. It is the art of
arranging tones in an orderly sequence so as to produce a unified and continuous composition. Its
common elements are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated
concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture.
Most music includes peoples singing with their voices or playing musical instruments, such as
piano, guitar, drums, and others. It is a sound that has been organized by using rhythm, melody or
harmony. Someone who makes music is called a musician.

Music can be written in several ways. When it is written on a staff, the pitches (tones) and
their duration are represented by symbols called notes. Notes are to put on the lines and in the
spaces between the lines. Each position says which tone must be played. The higher the note is
in the staff, the higher the pitch of the tone. The lower the notes are, the lower the pitch.

Music can also be written with letters, naming them as in the solfa “Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La,
Si/ Ti, Do” or representing them by letters. The next table shows how each note of the solfa is
represented in the Standard Notation:

Solfa Name Standard Notation

Do C
Re D
Mi E
Fa F
Sol G
La A
Si/ Ti B

The Standard Notation was made to simplify the lecture of music notes, although it is
mostly used to represent chords and the names of the music scales. Theses ways to represent
music ease the way a person reads music. There are more ways to write and represent music, but
they are less known and may be more complicated.

The Importance of Music in Our lives

The importance of music is different in every individual’s life. It inspires people and allows
us to get in touch with our emotions in a way that is unique. Music works wonders on creating a
certain atmosphere. You can use music to liven up a boring party or to create a romantic
ambiance. Several people proclaim the benefits of much to heighten their spirituality. Every
religion on the planet uses music in some form to enhance the soul through rhythmic chants.

Music is everywhere, it pervades our world. Everyone knows music has power and
importance. But have you ever stopped to consider why? What it is about music that gives it so
much power and importance?

Likewise, Music is a universal language. It inspires common human feelings and bridges
gaps between cultures that spoken languages cannot.it brings people together and creates
universal community. Music inspires and evokes emotion in a healthy way. It touches our
emotional being and evokes moods and feelings that are sometimes difficult to express. It can

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 3 of 33
change a difficult mood and make it happy or excited; it can change a light mood and take it
deeper and more profound.

Elements in Music

Music is a highly useful art that originates in nature, and has been taken up by mankind as
a way of expression. Humans use music variously from personal entertainment to contemplative
activities. Music has the power to influence psychological aspects of behavior both consciously
and unconsciously and acquiring knowledge of music may create a deeper sensitivity in humans
for their environment and social culture and it is believed to enrich life generally.

1. Harmony- (From the Greek harmonia, meaning “joint or agreement”). It refers to the
combination of notes played together and the relationship between a series of chords. It is also
related to melody (the tune of a song or piece of music). It is created by playing a series of notes
one after another. Harmony accompanies and supports the melody. It is created by playing a
group of notes behind the melody thus giving it musical texture.

2. Key- It is also known as tonality, a principle in music composition wherein at the end of the
piece there is a tonic (main key or home key) is the principal pitch of a composition.

3. Melody- (From the Greek word meloidia, which means “singing” or “chanting”). It refers to the
tune of a song or piece of music. It is the memorable tune created by playing a succession or
series of pitches. Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually
repeated throughout a song or piece in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their
melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct
or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence,
and shape.

4. Pitch- It is a perceptual property that allows the ordering of sounds on a frequency related
scale. It refers to the relative lowness or highness that we hear in a sound. The pitch of a sound is
based on the frequency of vibration and the size of the vibrating object. The slower the vibration
and the bigger the vibrating object, the lower the pitch; the faster the vibration and the smaller the
vibrating object, the higher the pitch.

5. Rhythm- It comes from a Greek word rhythmos, which means “any regular recurring motion”/ it
is the pattern or placement of sounds in time and beats in music. It is a word that refers to the
length of time between each major “beat”, or accent, such as in a piece of music.

6. Tempo- The Italian word at the beginning of a music piece that indicates how slow or fast the
piece should be played. It refers to the speed of a given piece of music. It is a crucial element of
any musical composition, as it can affect the mood and difficulty of a piece.

7. Texture- It refers to the number of layers as well as the type of layers used in a composition
and how these layers are related. Texture may be monophonic (single melodic line), polyphonic
(two or more melodic lines) and homophonic (a main melody accompanied by chords).

8. Timbre- It is also known as tone color, the quality of sound that distinguishes as one voice or
instrument from another. Sound “quality” or “timbre” describes those characteristics of sound
which allow the ear to distinguish sounds which have the same pitch and loudness./ timbre is then
a general term for the distinguishable characteristics of a tone.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 4 of 33
Essentials in Songwriting

Song is a composition for voice or voices, performed by singing. A song may be

accompanied by musical instruments, or it may be unaccompanied, as in the case of a Capella
songs. A song may be for a solo singer, a duet, a trio, or larger ensemble involving more voices.
Songs with more than one voice to a par are considered choral works. Songs can be broadly
divided into many different forms, depending on the criteria used (Kamien,1997).

1. Arrangement- the arrangement is actually two-fold. First, the arrangement is the order in which
the sections of music are placed, such as, intro-verse-chorus-verse-chorus and so on. Secondly,
the organization of the instrumentation, vocals or other parts of music that make up the song, are
considered to be arrangement as well.

2. Beat and Rhythm- the beat of a song is what “drives” the listener to “feel” the song (fast or
slow). It is also referred to as the tempo (speed) of the song.

3. Chords (chord progression) - the chords accompany the melody of the song. It is formed
when multiple pitches (notes on a musical instrument) are placed together on a staff (a sheet of
music).

4. Concept (story)- all songs have a story line or theme. Typically the song title will convey the
essence of that story idea and the words (lyric) will expound upon that idea or theme.

5. Genre and Style- the genre of a song (rock, pop, country, or r&b) is typically established by the
beat and rhythm of the song. The style may vary once the song is constructed with the words
and / or instruments.

6. Length- the length of a song is always a consideration, depending on the use of the song. They
can be shorter or longer, but this is the typical length in today’s musical format.

7. Lyrics- (from the Greek word lyrikos, meaning “singing to the lyre”). It describes a concept or a
theme which rhyme in rhythmic phrases in the sections of music. It also often contains political,
social and economic themes as well as aesthetics elements, and so can connote messages which
are culturally significant.

8. Melody- the melody is the tune of the song that you sing and play. The best melodies are
considered to be captivating. This typically means that the melody is memorable, which should be
the desired effect.

9. Song Sections- songs are divided up into sections and have names, such as, intro, verse,
chorus, bridge etc. typically, the verse describes the concept of the title and hook that are typically
in the chorus. Other sections such of music, such as the intro, bridge, lead breaks, etc., will
function to support these main components of the song.

Different Music Genres

The dictionary defines music as “the art of arranging tones in an orderly sequence so as to
produce a unified and continuous composition”. However, in the larger picture, the definition of
music varies with culture, people, place or time.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 5 of 33
 Music is sublime and too varied, leaving each individuals with a different set of choice. For
some music may be a source of relaxation, while for others it could be the means to let out their
internal anguish. Even a person with the least inclination towards melody can recognize a piece of
music instantly.

With the diversity in the forms of music, here is a classification of some of the different
types of music:

1. Classical Music: Classical music is a complex form of music as it requires skills like learning
the ragas and ability to coordinate with other musicians. One has to maintain the complex
relationship between its emotional flows.

2. Rock Music: This music genre originated in the rock and roll era of the 950s. The vocals are
accompanied by guitar, drum and bass. Certain rock groups also use piano, synthesizer,
saxophone, flute, mandolin and sitar for a deeper effect.

3. Metal Music: Metal music emerged after the Second World War. Here the melody of the song
is heavily influenced by the structure of the songs. While in rock music, songwriting is based within
a form; in metal music, the central melody decides the structure of the song. It is also known as
‘information music’.

4. Hip-hop Music: Hip-hop music always includes the use of instruments such as guitar, violin,
fiddle, piano, bass and drums. In this type of music, the bass is the main instrument. This can be
used in different intensities to emote feelings of anger, pride and others.

5. Trance Music: This type of music is usually played in clubhouses and discotheques. It
originated in the 20th century. This music is characterized by fast tempo and repetitions beats of
the percussion.

6. Jazz: This type of music is featured by strong and complex rhythms. The main instruments
used for jazz music are cornet, trumpet or violin that help carry the melody. This is a rhythmic
music and has a forward momentum called “swing”.

7. Techno Music: Techno music is also known as “fusion music”. This became popular towards
the middle part of the 1980s. This is a form of electronic dance music and based on African-
American music styles like funk, electro and electric jazz.

9. Opera Music: Opera music first emerged in Italy in the 1600s. This genre has a remarkable
combination of theatrical art and musical invention and is specifically played in the theaters.

10. Funk: This music became known in the late 1960s. Funk made rhythm the most important
element while de- emphasizing melody.

Classification of Musical Instruments

A musical instrument is a device created or adapted for the purpose of making musical
sounds. In principle, any abject that produces sound can serve as a musical instrument- it is
through purpose that the object becomes a musical instrument.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 6 of 33
 Musical instruments are also often classified by their musical range in comparison with
other instruments in the same family. It becomes useful when placing instruments in context of an
orchestra or other ensemble. These terms are named after singing voice classifications.
a. Soprano Instruments

1. Flute- It is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike woodwind instruments with
reeds, a flute is a reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an
opening.

2. Violin- it is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest,
highest-pitched member of the family of string instruments.

3. Soprano Saxophone- it is a variety of the saxophone, a woodwind instrument, invented in

1840.

4. Trumpet- it is the musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family. It is usually
played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a “buzzing” sound that starts a standing wave
vibration in the air column inside the instrument.

5. Clarinet- it is a type of woodwind instrument that has a straight cylindrical tube with a flaring
bell and a single reed mouthpiece. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and
uses a single reed.

6. Oboe- it is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. A musician who plays the
oboe is called an oboist.

7. Piccolo- it is a half-size flute, and a member of the woodwind family of musical instruments.

b. Alto Instruments

1. Alto Saxophone- it is a member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments invented by

Belgian instrument designer Adolphe Sax in 1841. It is smaller than the tenor but larger than the
soprano, and is the type most used in classical compositions.

2. French Horn- it is a brass instrument made of about 12-13 feet (3.7-4.0 m) of tubing wrapped
into a coil with a flared bell.

3. English Horn- (also known as cor anglais). It is a double-reed woodwind instrument in the
oboe family.

4. Viola- it is a bowed string instrument. It is the middle voice of the violin family, between the
violin and the cello.

c. Tenor Instruments

1. Trombone- it is a musical instrument in the brass family. Like all brass instruments, sound is
produced when the player’s vibrating lips (embouchure) cause the air column inside the
instrument to vibrate.

2. Tenor Saxophone- it is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 7 of 33
instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s.

3. Guitar- it is a plucked string instrument, usually played with fingers or a pick. It consists of a
body with a rigid neck, to which the nylon or steel strings, generally six in number, are attached.
d. Baritone Instruments

1. Bassoon- it is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music
written in the bass and tenor registers, and occasionally higher.

2. Baritone saxophone- it is one of the largest members of the saxophone family. It is the lowest-
pitched saxophone in common use.

3. Bass Clarinet- it is regularly perform in symphony orchestras, wind ensembles, occasionally in

marching bands, and play an occasional solo role in contemporary music and jazz in particular.

4. Cello- it is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is a member of
the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola, and double bass.

5. Baritone Horn- it is a member of the brass instrument family. It has a predominantly cylindrical
bore as do the trumpet and trombone and uses a large mouthpiece much like those a trombone or
euphonium, although it is a bit smaller.

e. Bass Instruments

1. Double Bass- it is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern
symphony orchestra.

2. Bass Guitar- it is a stringed instrument with a longer neck and scale length, and four, five, six,
or eight strings. It is played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping,
tapping, thumping, or picking.

3. Bass saxophone- it is one of the largest members of the saxophone family- larger than the
more commonly encountered baritone saxophone.

4. Tuba- it is the largest and lowest-pitched brass instrument. Sound is produced by vibrating or
“buzzing” the lips into a large cupped mouthpiece.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 8 of 33
 ACTIVITY #13
(To be submitted next week)
Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Musical Therapy
Let the students listen or sing the song entitled “Lead Me Lord” by Gary Valenciano and
ask them to share their reflection on the meaning of the lyrics of the song.

"Lead Me Lord"

Lead me Lord
Lead me by the hand and help me face the rising sun
Comfort me through all the pain that life may bring
There's no other hope that I can lean upon
Lead me Lord
Lead me all my life

Walk by me
Walk by me across the lonely roads that I may face
Take my arms and let your hand show me the way
Show the way to live inside your heart
All my days, all my life

You are my light

You're the lamp upon my feet
All the time my Lord I need You there
You are my light
I cannot live alone
Let me stay by Your guiding love
All through my life
Lead me Lord

Lead me Lord
Even though at times I'd rather go along my way
Hear me take the right direction
Take Your road
Lead me Lord and never leave my side
All my days, all my life

You are my light

You're the lamp upon my feet
All the time my Lord I need You there
You are my light
I cannot live alone
Let me stay by Your guiding love
All through my life

You are my light

You're the lamp upon my feet
All the time my Lord I need You there
(You are my light)
(I just cannot live alone)
Let me stay by Your guiding love

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 9 of 33
 All through my life
All through my days
So Lead me Oh Lord
Lead me Lord

Assessment Tool: Holistic Rubric

Select from 1-5, wherein 1 is the lowest and 5 would be the highest score.
Score

1. Clarity in Defining the Topic ____________________

2. Reasoning _____________________
3. Technical Writing Skills ____________________
4. Creative and Aesthetic Appeal of the Presentation _____________________
Total Score _____________________

End of thirteenth week

---------------------------------------------Nothing Follows------------------------------------

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 10 of 33
 SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE
FOR
GE 116: ART APPRECIATION
_____________________________________________________

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 11 of 33
 WEEK 14
May 24, 2021

WEEK 14

DANCE

Dance is a “type of art that generally involves movement of the body, usually rhythmic and
used as a form of expression, social interaction and exercise or presented in a spiritual or
performance setting”. It is used to describe on method of non-verbal communication between
humans or animals (bee dance, patterns of behavior such as a mating dance), and certain musical
forms or genres.

The Nature of Dancing

Dancing was essential to agricultural, recreation, rituals and other religious festivals
(hunter, 2012). Dance, according to Greek thought, was one of the civilizing activities, like wine-
making and music. Most Greek Mythology was written by poets, like Homer, and as the spiritual
sustenance for its people, dance communicated its wisdom and truth as effectively as words.
According to oral tradition, one of the earliest dances was attributed to Phrygian origin, was the
Aloenes, dance to the Phrygian flute by the priests of Cybele in honour of her daughters Ceres.
The dances ultimately celebrate in her cult were numerous, such as the Anthem, the Bookolos,
and the Epicredos.

The Greeks admired dancing, including it among the activities fostered by their art, religion,
and philosophy. It also goes beyond the functional purposes of the movements used in work or
athletics in order to express emotions, moods, or ideas; tell a story; serve religious, political,
economic, or social needs; or simply be an experience that is pleasurable, exciting, or
aesthetically valuable.

Traditional Greek dancing has a primarily social function. It brings the community together
at key points of the year, such as Easter, the grape harvest or patronal festival; and at key points
in the lives of individuals and families, such as wedding.

Rhythm, indispensable in dancing, is also a basic element of music. It is natural to beat out
the rhythm of the dance with sticks. It is natural to accompany the mo9vement of the dance with
rhythm chanting. Dance and music begin as partners in the service of ritual. In most ancient
civilizations, dancing before the god is an important element in temple ritual.

Dance and the Human Body

In interpersonal communication, people need have a skill to read nonverbal information that
is reflected in people’s breathing manner, tone of voice, facial expression, posture, and gestures
on real-time basis (Yoshida, 1989, as cited by Sakata, et al., 2004). Everyone lives in the body,
and we have to live through our bodies. We have unconscious physical responses to temperature,
light, wind, pollen, pressure. Our physical well-being and our emotional state are buffeted by our
material surroundings and our bodies’ responses to them (Deagon, 1984).

Dancing helps the body keep in shape and stretches the muscles. The body can perform
such actions as rotating, bending, stretching, jumping, and turning. By varying these physical

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 12 of 33
actions and using different dynamics, human beings can devise an infinite number of body
movements.

Any type of dancing is good for your mind, soul, and body. In ballet, for example, the
dancer exercises to rotate, or turn out, the legs at the hips, making it possible to lift the leg high in
an arabesque. In India, some dancers learn to choreograph their eyeballs and eyebrows.
Costuming can extends the body’s capabilities. Toe or pointed shoes, stilts, and flying harnesses
are a few of the artificial aids employed by dancers.

The primary elements of dance include; the use of space; the use of time; the used of body
weighs; and the use of energy flow. The use of space refers to the floor patterns, the shapes of
moving body, and designs in space made by the limbs. Likewise, the used of time implies tempo,
the length of a dance, rhythmic variations, and the attitude toward filing time, from taking one’s
time to making quick stops and starts. In addition, the use of the body’s weight means overcoming
gravity to execute light, graceful movement, surrendering to gravity with heavy or limp
movements, or exerting the body’s weight against gravity with strength. Finally, the use of energy
flow emphasize tense, sustained, or bound movements or freely flowing motion.

The Aesthetics of Dance

One of the most basic motives of dance is the expression and communication of emotion.
People often dance as a way of releasing powerful feelings, such as sudden accesses of high
spirits, joy, impatience, or anger. These motive forces can be seen not only in the spontaneous
skipping, stamping, and jumping movements often performed in moments of intense emotion, but
also in the more formalized movements of set dances, such as tribal war dances or festive folk
dances.

People also dance for the pleasure of experiencing the body and surrounding environment
in new and special ways. Dance movements tend to be organized into a spatial or rhythmic
pattern, tracing lines or circles on the ground, following a certain order of steps, or conforming to a
pattern of regular accents or stresses. Dance can create a completely self-contained world for
dancers, in which they are capable of physical effort, powers, and endurance far beyond their
normal powers.

Dance is a universal language that can communicate emotions directly and sometimes
more powerfully than words. Because dance movements are closely related to the gestures of
ordinary life, the emotions they express can be immediately understood, partly though a visual
appreciation of the gesture and sympathetic kinesthetic response. Thus, when a dancer leaps, the
spectators understand it as a sign of exhalation, and they feel something of the lifting and lightning
sensations that excitement produces in the body.

Component of the Dance

Dance is the art from in which human movement becomes the medium for sensing,
understanding, and communicating ideas, feelings, and experiences. It has its own content,
vocabulary, skills, and techniques, which must be understood and applied to be proficient in the
art. All these elements are simultaneously present in a dance or even in a short movement
phrase.

a. Body

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 13 of 33
 The art of dance takes place in and through human body. In dance, the body is the mobile
figure or shape, felt by the dancer, seen by others. Dancers may emphasize specific parts of their
body in a dance phrase or their whole boy.

The way to describe the body in dance is to consider the body systems such as the
muscles, bones, organs, breath, balance, reflexes. The body is the conduit between the inner
realm of intentions, ideas, emotions, and identity and the outer realm of expression and
communication.
b. Action

Action is any human movement included in the act of dancing like dance steps, facial
movements, lift, carries, and catches, and even everyday movements. Movements that travels
through space is broadly called locomotor movement in contrast to axial movement, which occurs
in one spot.

Locomotor movements are the basic movements that create the ability to move in more
complex ways. Learning these skills is very important in the development for further success in
physical activities. This movements includes hop, jump, leap, skip, and gallop. On the other hand,
Axial movement is a non-locomotor movement that occurs above a stationary base involving the
spine. It is a movement that is anchored to one spot by a body part using only the available space
in any direction, without losing the initial body contact movement is organized around the axis of
the body rather than designed for travel from one location to another.

c. Space

There are countless variations and combinations of ways that movement can occur in
space. Dancers interact with space in myriad ways. They may stay in one place and move parts of
their body or their whole body, or they may travel from one place to another. They may alter the
direction, level, size, and pathways of their movements. The dance may take place in one corner
of a stage or in a big open circle outdoors with the entire community surrounding the dancers.

d. Time

Human movement is naturally rhythmic in the broad sense that wwe alternate activity and
rest. Breath and waves are example of rhythms in nature that repeat, but not as consistently as in
a meter. Spoken word and conversation have rhythm and dynamics, but the patterns are
characteristically more inconsistent and unpredictable.

Time may also be organized n other ways including clock time, sensed time, and event-
sequence. Dancers may take sight cues from each other to start the next phrase or use a shared
sense of sensed time to end a dance.

e. Energy

Energy refers to the force of an action and can mean both the physical and physic energy
that derives and characterizes in movement. Choice about energy include variations in movement
flow and use of force, tension, and weight. A dancer may step into an arabesque position with a
sharp, percussive attack or with light, flowing ease.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 14 of 33
 ACTIVITY #14
(To be submitted next week)

Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Direction: Answer the following questions cogently but honestly. Write your answers in the space provided.
Each number answer corresponds 20 points.

1. What do you think are the reasons why people dance?

2. What makes dance an art?

3. Explain this sentence: “Dance is a universal language that can communicate emotions”.

Assessment Tool: Holistic Rubric

Select from 1-5, wherein 1 is the lowest and 5 would be the highest score.
Score

1. Clarity in Defining the Topic ____________________

2. Reasoning _____________________
3. Technical Writing Skills ____________________
4. Creative and Aesthetic Appeal of the Presentation _____________________

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 15 of 33
 Total Score _____________________

End of fourteenth week

---------------------------------------------Nothing Follows--------------------------------------

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE
FOR`
GE 116: ART APPRECIATION

_____________________________________________________

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 16 of 33
 WEEK 15
May 31, 2021

WEEK 15

COMMON TYPES OF DANCES

Dance is one of the most beautiful forms of art that has grown in leaps and bounds. Dance
is no longer just a hobby; it is also one of the most lucrative professions as well. Besides, dance
therapy is very much in vogue these days simply because the experience of dancing helps a
person to heal from within. Dance is a form of expression that helps a person bring forth who they
are, and what they’re passionate about.

The different types of dances and dance styles that are prevalent all over the world are an
indication of the popularity of this art form. From the olden days till date, dance has always been
performed for social reasons or even if just something to aesthetically display. The various types
of dances are also considered as an entertaining way to remain.

a. International Standard Dances

1. Tango- This dance originated in Rio de la Plata, Argentina. It is usually performed by a man and
a woman, expressing in their synchronized movements. Originally, the tango was performed only
by women, but once it spread into South America, it developed into a dance for couples.

2. Waltz- It is danced to melodic, slow music and is an equally beautiful dance form. The waltz is a
graceful form of dance that requires fluidity and delicate movement.

3. Foxtrot- It gives a dancer flexibility to combine slow and fast dance steps together. This social
dance was named after the actor Harry Fox.

4. Viennese Waltz- This style of ballroom dance is based on the original form of the waltz. There
are many versions of this style of dance. It originated in the latter period of the 18 th century.

5. Quickstep- This style belongs to the International Style of Ballroom dancing which originated in
the 1920s. This dance includes many steps with quick momentum.

6. Cha-Cha-Cha- It is simply called the cha-cha, this is a type of Latin-American dance which is
very rhythmic in its appeal. This dance is energetic with slow movements as well.

7. Rumba- This sensual dance is based on slow hip movement. Rumba belongs to the
International Standard as well as the American style. This dance is known for the beauty of the
steps that are coordinated on a slow rhythm.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 17 of 33
8. Samba- This beautiful and energetic dance also has many forms. The steps may differ in
Samba that is danced as per the ballroom style and the traditional style samba choreography.

9. Jive- This dance is also amongst the five dances that belong to the Latin American dance
styles. Seen as a dance style that had taken the 30s and 40s (dancers moved mostly to jazz
music) to perfect and pass on years later, still keeping it just as upbeat like it were back in the day.

10. Paso Doble- This lively dance is also an International Latin dance style with less emphasis on
hip movement. The basic structure of this Latin dance is based on the sounds and the movements
used in Spanish bullfights.

b. American Style Dances

1. Bolero- This type of dance style is originated in Spain in 1870. It is usually danced to slow,
romantic music, giving dancers the opportunity to cling close to their partner and sway or make
big, showy movements. When dancing Bolero, you can wear anything you like, as long as the
clothes allow you to move freely and you are respecting the dance studio’s dress code. It can be
danced either in solo or as a couple.

2. East Coast Swing- This type of partner dance is based on the Lindy Hop. East Coast Swing
dancing consists of many simple steps that follow the basics of Lindy Hop.

3. Mambo- It is a Latin dance that makes the use of many steps which are considered complex in
origin. Mambo is also known as the root of salsa dance.

c. Worldwide Style Dances

1. Aerobics- It is a dance that prioritizes shaping your body and losing weight over choreography
and style. It is more suited to those who dearly need to exercise but are easily bored by the more
common workouts like jogging or sweating on the treadmill.

2. Contra Dance- It is a form of American folk dance in which the dancers from two parallel lines
and perform a sequence of dance movements with different partners down the length of the line.
Contra dances are relaxed with family- like atmospheres. It is usually friendly, active people with a
love of dance.

3. Country and Western dance- It is usually danced to country –western music. If you’ve ever
been to a country and western club or tavern, you’ve probably seen a few cowboy boot-wearing
dancers twirling around the dance floor with big smiles on their faces.

4. Ballet- Ballet is the kind of dance that a lot of us wish we could mimic, given the way the
dancers glide over the dance floor, often a dance that portrays a story or idea.

5. Belly dance- It is a unique form of dance characterized by a sharp, rolling movements of the
hips and abdomen. The true origins of belly dancing are debated among enthusiasts.

6. Break dance- It is the higher form of hip hop. It is performed in gymnastics with a groove.
Cartwheels, head spins, splits and jumps are just about the few moves that you’ll be asked to
learn if you’re interested in this type of dance.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 18 of 33
7. Fandango- This dance style is one of the main dances in Portugal. It involves the tapping of the
feet and quick changes of the position. This is a folk dance which has its origin in Southern Spain.

8. Flamenco dance- It is an expressive dance form that mixes percussive footwork with intricate
hand, arm and body movements. Flamenco is a Spanish art consisting of three forms: Cante, the
song, Baile, the dance, and the Guitara, guitar playing.

9. Folk Dance- It refers to a variety of dances developed by groups or communities, as opposed to

being made up by a choreographer. There are several types of folk dance including clogging
English country dance, international folk dance, Irish dance, Maypole dance, Morris dance, Nordic
polska dance, square dance, and many more. Folk dances are often performed at social events.
10. Hip-hop- It is a dance style, usually danced to hip-hop music that evolved from the hip-hop
culture. Hip-hop includes various moves such as breaking, popping, locking and krumping, and
even house dance. Improvisation and personal interpretation are essential to hip-hop dancing.

11. Lambada- This dance became internationally popular in the 1980s, especially in Latin America
and Caribbean countries. It is a sexy and stylish Brazillian type of dance that is performed as a
couple or even in groups. It is generally danced with arched legs, with the steps being from side to
side, turning or even swaying, and in its original form never front to back, with a pronounced
movement of the hips.

12. Jazz- It is a fun dance style that relies heavily on originality and improvisation. Many jazz
dancers mix different styles into their dancing, incorporating their own expression. Jazz dancing
often uses bold, dramatic body movements, including body isolations and contractions.

13. Latin dance- It is a fast-paced, often sensual, partner dance characterized by sexy hip
movements. However, hip movements are not intentional in any of the Latin dances. The hip
motion is a natural consequence of changing weight from one foot to the other.

14. Modern dance- It is a dance style that rejects many of the strict rules of classical ballet,
focusing instead on the expression of inner feelings. Modern dance was created as a rebellion
against classical ballet, emphasizing creativity in choreography and performance.

15. Salsa- This partner dance is a very sensual form that is known for its flirtatious and lively
antics. In this dance, the couples can even perform in the same spot, without shifting around the
dance floor.

16. Swing dance- It is a lively dance style in which couples swing, spin and jump together. Swing
dancing is a term that means dancing to swing music, or music that “swings”. Swing dancers know
when a song swings because when they hear it, they can’t stand still.

17. Top dancing- It is an exciting form of dance in which dancers wear special shoes equipped
with metal taps. Tap dancers use their feet like drums to create rhythmic patterns and timely
beats.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 19 of 33
 ACTIVITY #15
(To be submitted next week)

Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Direction: Answer the following questions cogently but honestly. Write your answers in the space provided.
Each number answer corresponds 20 points.

1. What is your understanding about “Dirty Dancing” Will you consider this as an art? Why or why Not?

2. When you are dancing, what are you thinking about?

3. Are you passionate about Dance and keen to know more?

Assessment Tool: Holistic Rubric

Select from 1-5, wherein 1 is the lowest and 5 would be the highest score.
Score

1. Clarity in Defining the Topic ____________________

2. Reasoning _____________________
3. Technical Writing Skills ____________________

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 20 of 33
4. Creative and Aesthetic Appeal of the Presentation _____________________
Total Score _____________________

End of fifteenth week

---------------------------------------------Nothing Follows--------------------------------------

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE
FOR
GE 116: ART APPRECIATION
_____________________________________________________

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 21 of 33
 WEEK 16
June 7, 2021

WEEK 16

POETRY

Poetry comes from a Greek word poiesis, which means “making”. It is an imaginative
awareness of experience expressed aesthetically through meaning, sound, and rhythmic
language choices so as to evoke an emotional response. It uses forms and conventions to
suggest differential interpretation to words, or to evoke emotive responses. Devices such as
assonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia and rhythm are sometimes used to achieve musical effects.

Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases or
sentences. For example, in the phrase “Do you like blue?” the /u/ (“o”/ “ou”/ “ue” sound) is
repeated within the sentence and is assonant. Likewise, Alliteration is the repetition of a particular
sound in the first syllables of a series of words or phrases. It occurs when a series of words in a
row have the same first consonant sound. For example, “She sells sea-shells down by the sea-
shore” or Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers” are both alliterative phrases.

Moreover, Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it
describes. Common occurrences of onomatopoeias include animal noises, such as “oink” or
“meow” or “roar” or “chirp”. Finally, Rhythm is the pattern or flow of sound created by the
arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in accentual verse or of long and short syllables
in quantitative verse.

Importance of Poetry

According to Patterson (2006), poetry contributes a major role in the development of many
aspects of life. The utilization of poets and poetry can serve for many different positive purposes
and effects on society. Poetry supplies an essential element in man’s growth such as building
fresh, articulate vocabulary and reasoning skills. It also establishes intellectual connections and
sometimes sparking insightful opinions through exciting and innovative ideas or ways of
expression that were never seen or thought of before.

1. It strengthens communication. Poetry as a form of communication and expressiveness in its

written form has been used to strengthen communal ties, to liberate people from sufferings, used
as a great tool against oppression and suppression, and lots more.

2. It voices your thoughts. A person is constantly involved in thinking a variety of things. Through
poetry, one can lend voice to one’s thoughts, feelings, and beliefs.This voice can be used to
express a variety of things. Often, people use poetry to express how they feel when they think

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 22 of 33
they are misunderstood.

3. It reveals reality. Real people, or precisely real poets, write poetry to express their real emotions
which are otherwise difficult to reveal in words. Emotions and sentiments that we would be feeling
at one time are penned by some poets around the world, at some other time. While, we prefer
confining those emotions in our heart, poets pour them out in the form of poetry.

4. It expresses beauty. Beauty is expressed, and art is emphasized through poetry. A fancy art in
itself, poetry incites a person to see beyond the missing bells and whistles that have been
deliberately removed from the poetry. This forces readers to concentrate and imagine the words
that would perfectly fit in the poetry, so as to complete the unsaid thoughts.

5. It depicts historical events. The thoughts and feelings of the oldies are depicted to us. Poems
from the ancient historical eras give us a glimpse of the previous generations, right from depicting
historical events to the primeval lifestyles. What was considered beautiful, important or even
profound, is clearly stated to us through those poems.

History of Poetry

Historically, the earliest poetry is believed to have been orally recited or sung. It was
employed as a way of remembering oral history, story (epic poetry), genealogy, and law. It was
used as a way to records of most cultures with poetic fragments found on monoliths (a geological
feature consisting of a single massive stone or a single piece of rock placed as, or within, a
monument).

Poetry is often closely related to musical traditions, and much of it can be attributed to
religious movements. Many of the poems surviving from the ancient world are a form of recorded
cultural information about the people of the past, and their poems are prayers or stories about
religious subject matter, histories about their politics and wars, and the important organizing myths
of their societies.

The oldest surviving poem is the epic of Gilgamesh, from the 4 th millennium BC in Sumer
(in Iraq/Mesopotamia), which was written in cuneiform script on clay tablets and, later, papyrus (a
plant that grows wild in Egypt in the marshes along Nile River). The Epic of Gilgamesh is based
on the historical king Gilgamesh. The oldest love poem, found on a clay tablet now known as
Istanbul #2461, was also a Sumerian poem. It was recited by a bride of the Sumerian king Shu-
Sin, who ruled from 2037 to 2029 BC. Other old Indian Sanskrit epics Ramayana and
Mahabharata. The longest epic poems ever written were the Mahabharata and the Tibetan Epic of
King Gesar.

Notability, Aristotle’s poetics describes the three genres of poetry: the epic, comic, and
tragic, and develops rules to distinguish the highest-quality poetry of each genre, based on the
underlying purposes of that genre. Later aestheticians identified three major genres: epic poetry,
lyric poetry and dramatic poetry, treating comedy and tragedy as subgenres of dramatic poetry.

How to Create a Poem

Writing a poem is all about observing the world within you or around you. As long as you
are enjoying it or finding a release of tension through it, you’re on the right track. A poem is an act
of passion and creativity. It is a product of inspiration. Writing poetry is also a very healing art. It is

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 23 of 33
a great way to let repressed emotions out. The following are the basic ways to create a poem.

1. Find an inspiration. Get inspired by seeking out the work of poets you admire. Start with a
concept, idea or intention. What do you want to say in the poem? What feeling or message do you
want to convey? Write down all the words and phrases that come to mind and put all these ideas
into words.

2. Listen and read poetry. To prepare your ear and meet like-minded people, attend poetry
readings. Explore a wide range of works, from poems that are widely regarded as classics to
popular song lyrics. As you interact with more poetry, you’ll find your aesthetic becoming more
shaped and refined.

3. Start writing. Write in stanzas using as many action words as possible. Think about why you are
writing your poem and who your intended audience is, and then proceed in your writing
accordingly.

4. Choose the right words. Use only those words that are necessary, and those that enhance the
meaning of the poem.

5. Listen to your poem. As you write and edit your poem, read it aloud and listen to how it sounds.

6. Edit your poem. When the basic poem is written, set it aside for a while and then read the poem
out loud to yourself. Edit it by taking out necessary words.

7. Share your work. Feedback from other people is good. Pass your poem around, and ask you
friends to evaluate your work. Tell them to be honest, even if it is hurting.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 24 of 33
 ACTIVITY #16
(To be submitted next week)

Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Direction: Answer the following questions cogently but honestly. Write your answers in the space provided.
Each number answer corresponds 20 points.

1. Explain this phrase: “Poetry strengthens communication”.

2. What makes poetry an act of “passion and creativity”?

3. Why are poems meant to be heard?

Assessment Tool: Holistic Rubric

Select from 1-5, wherein 1 is the lowest and 5 would be the highest score.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 25 of 33
 Score

1. Clarity in Defining the Topic ____________________

2. Reasoning _____________________
3. Technical Writing Skills ____________________
4. Creative and Aesthetic Appeal of the Presentation _____________________
Total Score _____________________

End of sixteenth week

---------------------------------------------Nothing Follows--------------------------------------

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 26 of 33
 FOR
GE 116: ART APPRECIATION
__________________________________________________

WEEK 17
June 14, 2021

WEEK 17
ELEMENTS OF A GOOD POEM

The elements of poetry are an essential part of the structure of a good poem. Although it is
not mandatory for a poet to use all these elements or devices, they form an important aspect of
poetry.

1. Rhythm

Rhythm is the music made by the statements of the poem, which includes the syllables in
the lines. The best method of understanding this is to read the poem aloud, and understand the
stressed and unstressed syllables. Listen for the sounds and the music made when we hear the
lines spoken aloud. How do the words flow when they are linked with one another? Do the words
fit with each other? These are the things you consider while studying the rhythm of the poem.

2. Diction

Diction is primarily the poet’s choice of words. Since poetry, of all literary forms, uses the
least number of words to accomplish its task, each word is important and must be chosen as the
exact word. Also, unnecessary words should be eliminated so they don’t obscure the essential
language of the poem.

3. Sounds

Sounds in a poem are meant to be heard. It is the language that “drips from the tongue”. As
poets, we must pay attention to the sound of language as well as to the meaning of language and
sound, when used intentionally and should always enhance or reinforce the meaning.

4. Stanza

Stanza in poetry is defined as a smaller unit or group of lines or a paragraph in a poem. A

particular stanza has a specific meter, rhyme scheme, etc. Based on the number of lines, stanzas
are named as Couplet (2 lines), Tercet (3 lines), Quatrain (4 lines), Cinquain (5 lines), Sestet (6
lines), Septet (7 lines), Octave (8 lines).

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 27 of 33
5. Rhyme

Rhyme is basically similar sounding words like ‘cat’ and ‘hat’, ‘close’ and ‘shows’, ‘house’
and ‘mouse’, etc. A poem may or may not have a rhyme. However, when you write poetry that has
rhyme, it means that the last words or sounds of the lines match with each other in some form.

6. Rhyme Scheme

As a continuation of rhyme, the rhyme scheme is also one of the basic elements of poetry.
It is defined as the pattern of rhyme. Either the last words of the first and second lines rhyme with
each other, or the first and the third, second and the fourth and so on.

7. Simile

Simile is a method of comparison using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’. When, in a poem, something
is said to be ‘like’ another, it means that the poet is using Simile to convey his feelings by
comparing it to something.

8. Metaphor

A metaphor is a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two

unlike things that actually have something in common. Example: “He was drowning in paperwork”.
This is a metaphor in which having to deal with a lot of paperwork is being compared to drowning
in an ocean of water.

9. Theme

The theme of the poem is the central idea that the poet wants to convey. It can be a story, a
thought, and a description of something or someone.

10. Symbolism

Symbolism is the technique of describing objects and imbuing them with new meanings.
Symbolism in poetry adds to the effect of the universal language and provides multiple levels of
meaning for interpretation by readers. A symbol can stand for many things at one time and leads
the reader out of a systematic and structures method of looking at things. Often poems will convey
ideas and thoughts using symbols. Often a symbol used in the poem will be used to create such
an effect.

11. Imagery

Imagery is a device used by the poet for readers to create an image in their imagination.
Imagery appeals to all the five senses. For e.g., when the poet describes, ‘the flower is bright re’,
an image of a red flower is immediately created in the reader’s mind.

The Sound and Meaning of Words

When we speak we say words and when spoken to we hear words. When we learn a word,
we store in our memory information that allows us both to say the word and recognize it when said

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 28 of 33
by someone else (Morris, 1992). Words or portions of words can be clustered to achieve specific
kinds of effects when we hear them. The sounds that result can strike us as clever and pleasing or
even soothing.

These various deliberate arrangements of words-sound have been identified, namely:

a. Alliteration- it is the repeated consonant sounds at the beginning of words placed near each
other, usually on the same or adjacent lines.

b. Assonance- it is the repeated vowel sounds in words placed near each other, usually on the
same or adjacent lines. These should be in sounds that are accented, or stressed, rather than in
vowel sounds that are unaccented.

c. Consonance- It is the repeated consonant sounds at the ending of words placed near each
other, usually on the same or adjacent lines. These should be in sounds that are accented, or
stressed, rather than in vowel sounds that are unaccented.

d. Cacophony- It is a series of harsh, unpleasant sounds that helps to convey disorder. This is
often furthered by the combined effect of the meaning and the difficulty of pronunciation.

e. Repetition- It is the purposeful re-use of words and phrases for an effect. Sometimes, especially
with longer phrases that contain a different key word each time, this is called parallelism.

f. Rhyme- This is a device most commonly associated with poetry by the general public. Words
that have different beginning sounds but whose endings sound alike, including the final vowel
sound and everything following it, are said to rhyme.

Likewise, most words also convey several meanings. Often, some of the more significant
words may carry several of meaning at once. The following are the ways in which the meaning of
words are used, namely:

1. Allegory- It is a representation (symbolic narrative) of an abstract or spiritual meaning.

Sometimes it can be a single word or phrase, such as the name of a character or place.

2. Allusion- It is a brief reference to some person, historical event, work of art, Biblical situation or
character.

3. Ambiguity- It is a word or phrase that can mean more than one thing, even in its context. Poets
often search out such words to add richness to their work.

4. Analogy- It is a comparison, usually something unfamiliar with something familiar.

5. Cliché- Any figure of speech that was once clever and original but through overuse has become
outdated.

6. Connotation- The emotional, psychological or social overtones of a word; its implications and
associations apart from its literal meaning.

7. Contrast- Closely arranged things with strikingly different characters.

8. Denotation- The dictionary definition of a word; its literal meaning apart from any associations

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 29 of 33
or connotations.

9. Euphemism- An understatement, used to lessen the effect of a statement; substituting

something innocuous for something that might be offensive or hurtful.

10. Hyperbole- An outrageous exaggeration used for effect.

11. Irony- A contradictory statement or situation to reveal a reality different from what appears to
be true.

12. Metaphor- A direct comparison between two unlike things, stating that one is the other or does
the action of the other.

13. Metonymy- A figure of speech in which a person, place, or things, is referred to by something
closely associated with it.

14. Oxymoron- It is a combination of two words that appear to contradict each other.

15. Paradox- It is a statement in which a seeming contradiction may reveal an unexpected truth.

16. Personification- It is a style in attributing human characteristics to an inanimate object, animal,

or abstract idea.

17. Pun- It is a word play in which words with totally different meanings have similar or identical
sounds.

18. Simile- It is a direct comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as”.

19. Symbol- It is an ordinary object, event, animal, or person to which we have attached
extraordinary meaning.

What Makes a Poem Good?

In the literary perspective, a debate has spanned across centuries as to what exactly
makes a poem good. Poetry is a careful, inventive, or creative consideration of words written in
order to convey some idea as a literary composition. Usually, the words written are designed to
evoke emotion. It arouses your senses and stimulates your imagination. It gives meaning, value,
or worth to a person, place, or thing. It speaks about or focuses on something that everyone can
relate tp. You’ve got to feel it in your heart, experience it in your mind, and reflect on it in your
thoughts.

A good poetry achieves the poet’s purpose through the effective use of language and
literary technique. Its purpose is to ask questions, explore a truth, recreate a moment, or capture a
feeling. A great poem touches something in us at some level below conscious thought, and it
connects us for a moment to the rest of humanity. A great poem is an experience of the soul.

In the book of Pettinger (2007), he explained that a good poem must be well written with a
concise and accurate use of language. The great advantage of poetry is that it can encapsulate
ideas in the minimum of words. This is one of the main distinguishing features of poetry as
compared to prose. A good poem should be able to lift the reader out of the ordinary and give

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 30 of 33
glimpses of a more illumining reality.

Moreover, a good poetry helps us widen our vision. It is not an argument but convinces the
reader through its own power. Each poem is an act of discovery that surprises our senses, stirs
our emotions, and alarms our imagination. It comes from the heart and therefore it cannot be
faked.

Types of Poetry

Poetry refers to pieces of literature written in verses to express various emotions via
various techniques such as similes, metaphors an onomatopoeia. Rhymes, meter, repetition, etc.
are used in poetry style of writing and it is these additions that differentiate poetry from prose.
Poetry itself is a vast subject that comprises various kinds of poems.

Below are the different types of poetry, namely:

1. Acrostic- this type of poem comprise the first letters of each line forming a word or message
relating to the subject. The word formed is usually the subject of the poem. Acrostics poems are
often used as mnemonic devices to aid memory retrieval.

2. Allegory- it is a narrative having hidden meanings. The reader has to read between the lines to
understand an allegory. The story expressed through the poem will have two meanings, with the
obvious literal one and the hidden symbolic one. The hidden or underlying meaning will have a
moral to it.

3. Ballad- it is a specific form of narrative poem, originally intended to be sung. It refers to poems
that narrate a story, like in a folk tale and often has repeated refrain. It is mostly centered on love
and is sung. It is a story that is expressed in poetic form. The story is told in compact dramatic
scenes, with simple dialogue and concrete imagery.

4. Cinquain- it is a poem or stanza, composed of five lines invented by the American poet,
Adelaide Crapsey. These five lines do not rhyme with one another, however, contain fixed number
of syllables in each line. The first line contains one or two syllables, the second line contains 2-4
syllables, the third line contains 6 syllables, the fourth line contains 8 syllables and the last fifth
line contains two syllables.

5. Epic- it is a long narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. It deals with legendary or
historical events of national or universal significance, involving action of broad sweep and
grandeur. Most epics deal with the exploits of a single individual, thereby giving unity to the
composition.

6. Epitaph (also known as Epigram)- a commemorative inscription or short text on a tomb written
to honor and praise a deceased person is termed as epitaph. It is a terse, pointed, frequently witty
observation, often in verse. Ancient Greek epigrams were inscriptions on tombs or statues. Latin
poets, including Catullus, Juvenal, and especially Martial, developed the epigram as a short satire
in verse, with a twist or thrust at the end.

7. Elegy- it is a poem composed of stanzas. Classical elegies addressed various subjects,

including love, lamentation, and politics, and were characterized by their metric form.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 31 of 33
8. Haiku- it is a Japanese verse form, notable for its compression and suggestiveness. It consists
of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. It presents a pair of contrasting images,
one suggestive of time and place, the other a vivid but fleeting observation. Working together, they
evoke mood and emotion.

9. Limerick- it refers to those funny five line poems, wherein, the last words of the first, second and
fifth line rhyme with one another. Moreover, the last words of the middle third and fourth line rhyme
with each other. The famous Edward Lear, in his Book of Nonsense, included this form of poetry.

10. Lyric- it is a short poem that conveys intense feeling or profound thought. In ancient Greece,
lyrics were sung or received to the accompaniment of the lyre.

11. Ode- it is a dignified and elaborately structures lyric poem praising and glorifying an individual,
commemorating an event, or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally. Odes
originally were songs performed to the accompaniment of a musical instrument.

12. Metrical Romance- it is a love story in verse form. The stories of metrical romance typically
involved stories that included the adventures, trials, and tribulations of knights as well as typically
told stories of chivalrous feats of said knights. Courtly love was a typical theme of metrical
romance as well.

13. Sonnet- it is derived from Occitan and Italian words which mean “little song”. It usually has one
or more rhyme scenes. People who write sonnets are referred to as sonneteers. The most famous
sonneteer was William Shakespeare who has 154 sonnets.

14. Satire- it is aliterary term used to ridicule or make fun of human weakness. The term is derived
from the Latin satura, meaning a “medley” or “mixture”, and is related to the Latin adjective satur,
meaning “replete”.

ACTIVITY #17
(To be submitted next week)

Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Poetry Display

Let the students write their own poetry, either using a formula or something original they
want to create. They can illustrate their poetry and make a border. Frame the work with a
construction paper frame. To make a colorful display of this poetry, hang it in the wall of the
classroom along with other accessories. Spray some cologne in your paper frame for a
surprisingly sweet smell in the air.

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 32 of 33
Assessment Tool: Holistic Rubric

Select from 1-5, wherein 1 is the lowest and 5 would be the highest score.
Score

1. Critical thinking of using language/words ____________________

2. Style _____________________
3. Technical Writing Skills ____________________
4. Creative and Aesthetic Appeal of the Presentation _____________________
Total Score _____________________

End of seventeenth week

---------------------------------------------Nothing Follows------------------------------------

GE 116: Art Appreciation

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Page 33 of 33