REVIEWER

ENVIRONMENT
• Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on
individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the natural
environment and humans.
• The highest level of organization that ecologists study is the biosphere.
• Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their
environment. It is the science that seeks to describe and explain the relationship between
living organisms and their environment.
• Species - a group of orgs so similar to one another that they can breed & produce
fertile offspring.
• Population - groups of individuals that belong to the same species & live in the
same area.
• Communities - groups of different populations that live together in a defined area.
There is two factors that Ecology study:

• The Abiotic Factors (non-living components) are those inert factors of the
ecosystem, as the light, the temperature, the chemical products, the water and the
atmosphere.

• Biotic Factors (living organisms) are all the living beings in an environment.

WEATHER
How do clouds Form?
• When water vapor in the air becomes liquid water or ice crystal.
CONDENSATION
• When the water vapor reaches the high cool air, it turns into water drops that form
the clouds.
• This is condensation and is part of the water cycle.
TYPES OF CLOUDS
• Clouds are classified by:
1. Their Color
2. Their Shape and Size
3. Where they form in the atmosphere
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STRATUS - Sheets of low, grey clouds that bring snow, rain, or drizzle.
FOG - A cloud in contact with the ground. Fog is a type of Stratus Cloud.
NIMBOSTRATUS - Thicker layer that stratus clouds that completely block out the sun.
they cause steady rain or snow.
CUMULUS
• Cumulus clouds are fun to watch.
• People often see "Pictures" in the sky made by Cumulus clouds.
CUMULONIMBUS - Dark, towering clouds that are also called "Thunderheads". These
clouds produce heavy rain, and thunder. Often referred to as nimbus.
CIRRUS - Thin, featherlike clouds that are made of ice crystals high in the atmosphere.
Usually means a change in the weather is coming.
What does the color of a cloud tell you?
•The color of a cloud lets you know how much water it contains.
• White clouds have little water.
• Dark clouds usually mean heavy rain.
• Grey clouds can mean snow or rain.
NAVIGATION

13. Plan, organize and go for a 6-8 Kilometers like with your outfit and explain with your
fellow scouts how to find direction with and without using a compass, describe and
predict weather and environment Condition read common trail signs and Safe hiking
procedure, Sketch the route from your home to the hike site.

I. Plan

II. Predict

III. Trail signs

IV. Sketch

V. Annotation
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FIRST AID

WOUND - A WOUND IS A RAPID ONSET OF INJURY THAT INVOLVES LACERATED

OR PUNCTURED SKIN (AN OPEN WOUND), OR A CONTUSION (A CLOSED
WOUND) FROM BLUNT FORCE TRAUMA OR COMPRESSION.
CLOSED WOUNDS - CLOSED WOUNDS ARE OFTEN CAUSED BY BLUNT
TRAUMA, AND THOUGH THE INJURED TISSUE IS NOT EXPOSED, THERE CAN BE
BLEEDING AND DAMAGE TO UNDERLYING MUSCLE, INTERNAL ORGANS AND
BONES.
OPEN WOUNDS - AN OPEN WOUND & A TYPE OF INJURY THAT CAUSES AN
EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL BREAK IN THE BODY'S TISSUE. IT IS COMMONLY
CAUSED BY ACCIDENTS INVOLVING SHARP OR ROUGH OBJECTS THAT CUT
THROUGH THE SKIN AND LEAVE SOME FORM OF TRAUMA. IF LEFT ALONE, IT
EXPOSES THE BODY TO HARMFUL BACTERIA, MAKING IT AT RISK OF
INFECTION.

CPR- Cardio pulmonary Resuscitation

THE AIMS OF FIRST AID
-to Preserve life
-to Prevent the condition getting worse
-to Promote recovery
That is the purpose of the first aid We do first aid to promote life
RESPONSIBILITIES OF FIRST AIDER
-Incident Management-assess the situation/get help
By stander sa tawag Ng mga chismosa sa paligid
-Casualty Care
-Protect casually and others from Danger
-Assess the casualty
-Identify casualty injury/illness
-Provide treatment
-Arrange Transport
-Remain with the casualty
-Prevent cross infection
PRIMARY ASSESSMENT
Danger your present environment
Responses of your casualty
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
COMPRESSION
Adults-2 inches press down ginagawa to 5 cycle 30 chest compression at the rate of
100 per minutes
Baby-1.5 inches press down
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Paano malalaman na madumi pa ang sugat o hindi nalinisan nang maayos
- kapag ito ay namumula pa at hindi nawala yung dugo. Kapag ito ay maayos na
nalinisan dapat ang kulay ng gilid ng sugat ay pinkish.
Pinakaunang dapat gawin bago hawakan ang sugat ay magdisinfect ng kamay at
siguraduhin na nalinis nang maayos ang kamay.
Huwag gagalaw kapag nakagat ng ahas kasi kapag gumagalaw ka lalong kakalat Yung
venom. At huwag sisipsipin Ng first aider Ang venom Ng tinutulungan niya Kasi pati siya
baka mamatay.
SIGNALING

How Does Two-Way Radio Work? Two-way radio works by converting audio to radio
waves that are then transmitted through the air. These radio waves are received by
other radios which convert the radio waves back to audio.
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KNOTS AND LASHINGS

Square knot - This knot is useful tying up bundles and packages. It is also used for first
aid, where it can be used to tie a bandage around a wound to stop the bleeding quickly.
Bowline - A bowline knot is used as a rescue knot in cases of mountain climbing, fires,
or water accidents. This knot forms an open loop that is easy for someone to grab onto
and be pulled up out of a dangerous situation.
Sheet Bend - In this knot, the loop of one rope is tied around the loop of the other. Its
name comes from its traditional use of holding a sail in place.
Clove Hitch - A quick temporary knot for tying moving objects to fixed ones or to secure
fenders. Be careful, this knot can come undone if both objects aren’t stable. A quick
solution knot.
Sheep Shank - A classic boating knot used to shorten a length of rope or take up slack.
Figure of Eight - Sometimes referred to as a stopper knot, it has a loop that won’t slip
out. It also forms a secure, non-slip loop at the end of a rope. It’s a common knot used
by mountain climbers, but comes in handy for securing to a mooring.
Overhand - This knot is commonly used as a stopper, either when hand sewing or to
prevent fraying or unraveling at the ends of rope, and is sometimes used as a basic
safety knot for climbers.
Timber hitch - The timber hitch is used to secure a rope round a post or any cylindrical
object.

Diagonal Lashings - A diagonal lashing is used when there is a need to close a gap
between two poles where they cross each other but do not touch. The traditional
diagonal lashing is tied as follows: Cinch the poles together by tying a timber hitch
around them where they cross.
Shear Lashings - A shear lashing (sometimes spelled "sheer lashing") is used when
two poles are to be opened out like scissors to make what are referred to as sheer legs.
The lashing joins two parallel poles at the tips, with the butt ends splayed apart,
normally to support some kind of weight.
Square Lashing - is a knot used to bind two poles together, usually but not necessarily,
at right angles. This lashing can be used in load bearing situations and thus can be
used to build anything from chairs, an emergency stretcher, a bed, a ladder, even a
bridge!
The Tripod lashing is a shear lashing that binds three poles together at the same
point. Use. The most common use of this lashing is to join three spars together to form
a tripod. The tripod lashing can be used just about anywhere in a structure that three
poles cross.
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SCOUT IDEALS

Scout Oath Explained

On My Honor
Honor is your most precious and sacred possession in life. It includes your good name,
your integrity and good reputation. When you commit yourself to the Scout Oath, you
promise to live by its precepts in order to give meaning and idealism to your way of life.
I will Do My Best
In everything you do, you promise to do the best you can. If anything worth doing is
worth doing at all, it is worth doing well. Doing your best is your personal challenge.
Always strive to do your best in everything you do.
To Do My Duty to God and My Country
We, who belong to the Scout Movement, believe in God. We may not all worship Him in
the same way, but we are one in our faith and belief that He is the Supreme Being, our
Lord and Master. To do your duty to God, you must worship Him and follow His
teaching according to your own religious beliefs. You will find happiness in life if you
faithfully do your duty to God. Our country, the Philippines, deserves our full love and
dedication.
And to Obey the Scout Law
In trying to live up to the Scout Oath - you will need the Scout Law to guide you. The
twelve points of the Scout Law are our norm of conduct as we travel along the Scouting
trail through life. Thus, you are asked to commit yourself to the Scout Oath and Law as
your way of life.
To Help Other People at All Times
One reason why Scouting has flourished in this country is because it has received the
willing support of the public. Scouting merits this support because Scouts have
demonstrated that they are useful members of society. This is evident when Scouts
perform rescue work in case of disaster-fires, earthquakes, typhoons and floods. During
emergencies anywhere, Scouts are always among the first to volunteer for service and
perform tasks which are ordinarily belong to adults.
To Keep My Self Physically Strong
By now, you have leamed certain rules of health and hygiene in school which i observed
will help you live a healthy and happy life. Sound minds swell in sound bodies. If you
want to have an alert mind and be always ready to serve others, you must keep yourself
physically healthy and strong.
Mentally Awake
Being mentally awake reflects mental alertness and mental health. It is not a enough
that a Scout is physically healthy, he must be mentally awake too. His reflexes, his
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responses, his movements must be ready to respond to his needs and the needs of the
situation.
And Morally Straight
A Scout always must be a model of moral uprightness. His norm of conduct must be
beyond reproach. His thought, words and deeds should always reflect his high ideals
and sound moral values.
The Scout Law Explained
A Scout is Trustworthy
A Scout tells the truth. He keeps his promises. Honesty is part of his code of conduct.
People can always depend on him.
A Scout Is Loyal
A Scout is true to his family, Scout leaders, school nation and world community.
A Scout is Helpful
A Scout is concerned about other people. He willingly volunteers to help others without
expecting payment or reward.
A Scout is Friendly
A Scout is a friend to all. He is a brother to other Scouts. He seeks to understand
others. He respects those with ideas and customs that are different from his own.
A Scout is Courteous
A Scout is polite to everyone regardless of age or position. He knows that good
manners make it easier for people to get along together.
A Scout is Kind
A Scout understands there is strength in being gentle. He treats others as he wants to
be treated. He does not harm nor kill any living creature needlessly but will strive to
save and protect all harmless life.
A Scout is Obedient
A Scout follows the rules of his family, school and troop. He obeys the law of his
community and country. If he thinks these rules and laws are unfair, he tries to have
them changed in an orderly manner rather than disobey them.
A Scout is Cheerful
A Scout looks for the bright side of life. He cheerfully does tasks that come his way. He
tries to make others happy.
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A Scout is Thrifty
A Scout works to pay his way and to help others. He saves for the future. He protects
and conserves natural resources. He carefully uses his time and property.
A Scout is Brave
A Scout can face danger even if he is afraid. He has the courage to stand for what he
thinks is right even if others laugh at him or threaten him.
A Scout is Clean
A Scout keeps his body and mind fit and clean. He goes round with those who believe
in living these same ideals. He helps keep his home and community clean.
A Scout is Reverent
A Scout is reverent toward God. He is faithful in his religious duties. He respects the
belief of others.
The Scout Motto Explained "Laging Handa" (Be Prepared)
The motto reminds the Boy Scouts of the meaning and purpose of his membership and
the training he is getting in Scouting. A Scout is being prepared and trained for
responsible citizenship. As he requires the necessary knowledge and skills in Scouting
his mind is conditioned and he is able to offer the same knowledge and skills not only
for himself but in the service of others. Scouting therefore, is a preparation and
readiness to serve others, hence the motto "Laging Handa."
The Scout Slogan Explained: "Do a Good Turn Daily (Gumawa nang Mabuti Araw-
Araw)
The Scout Slogan serves as a daily reminder and challenge to the Scout to look for
opportunities to render a good tum to somebody, be at home, in school, in the
community or elsewhere. This positive reminder to render service to others
complements the Scout Motto of "Laging Handa."
The Scout Sign is used by Scouts when he makes a solemn pledge, while reciting the
Scout Oath and Law, as well as the Panunumpa sa Watawat. It is also used as a
greeting or recognition sign among Scouts and Scouts all over the World.
The Scout Handshake Scouts all over the world use the Scout Handshake. Scouts
everywhere greet each other with a warm left handshake. Using it makes one feel that
he belongs to the world brotherhood of Scouting and that he is one among the millions
of Scout in various parts of the world dedicated to the same ideal of service.
The Scout Salute Its uses. When in uniform, the salute is rendered as a sign of respect
to the flag and the National Anthem. It is also used between Scouts and Scouters as a
sign of courtesy and respect.
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BANDAGING

Cravat Bandage

A standard triangular bandage is made from a piece of cloth approximately forty inches
square by folding the square diagonally and cutting along the fold.
It is easily applied and can be handled so that the part to be applied over wound or
burn dressings will not be soiled It is usually made from unbleached cotton cloth,
although any kind of cloth will do.
In emergencies, a triangular bandage can be improvised from a clean handkerchief a
clean piece of shirt, etc.
The triangular bandage is also used to make toumiquets, to support fractures and
dislocat ions, to apply splints and to form slings.

Head Bandage - To apply pressure to control hemorrhage from wounds of scalp, or to

hold dressings on wounds of ear or lower scalp
Forehead Bandage - To apply pressure to control hemorrhage from wounds of scalp,
or to hold dressings on wounds of ear or lower scalp
Bandage for Cheek or Ears - Use to protect wounds and control haemorrhage. They
must supply enough compression to support the injury but not so much that it restricts
breathing.
Eye Bandage - To protect an injured or diseased cornea from the mechanical rubbing
of the blinking eyelids, therefore allowing it to heal.
Chest Bandage - To hold a dressing in place over a wound, to create pressure over a
bleeding wound for control of hemor- rhage, to secure a splint to an injured part of the
body, and to provide support to an injured part.
UnderArm Sling - Holds the forearm in a raised or horizontal position and can support
an injured upper arm, forearm and wrist.
Shoulder Armpit Cravat - To hold dressings in the armpit (axilla) or on the shoulder.
Cravat for Elbow – Used to hold dressings around the elbow. a. Bend arm at elbow
and place center of cravat at point of elbow (olecranon).
Cravat for Forearm - A bandage used for support of the hand or a fractured upper arm.
Arm - To hold dressings around the elbow.
Leg - To hold dressings on the leg.
Cravat for the Knee - To hold dressings around the knee.
Standard size of Triangular Bandage - 40" x 40" x 56"
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SENIOR SCOUT CODE

As a Senior Scout,

I will live by the Scout Oath and Law and the Senior Scout motto and slogan.

I will be familiar with the Constitution of the Philippines especially my rights and
obligations as a Filipino citizen.

I will share in my responsibilities to my home, school, church, neighborhood, community

and country.

I will deal fairly and kindly with my fellowmen in the spirit of the Scout Law.

I will work to preserve our Filipino heritage aware that the privileges I enjoy were won by
hard work, sacrifice, clear thinking and faith of our forefathers.

I will do everything in my power to pass a better Philippines to the next generation.