TROCKERS ONLINE REVISION

Upper 6th TERM 3 2020

Wednesday 04 November 2020

EXERCISE 1: FUNCTIONS

Answers-20 Marks

1. Functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are defined by

𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 − 1)2 + 3, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

𝑥−3
𝑔(𝑥) = √ + 1, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥 ≥ 𝑝
2

(i) State the value of 𝑝. [1]

𝑝=3
𝑥−3
𝑁𝐵: ≥0
2
𝑥−3≥0
𝑥≥3
(ii) Find 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) and sketch the graph of 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4. [5]
𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 2[𝑔(𝑥) − 1]2 + 3
2
𝑥−3
= 2 (√ + 1 − 1) + 3
2

2
𝑥−3
= 2 (√ ) +3
2

𝑥−3
= 2( )+3
2
=𝑥−3+3
=𝑥
𝑦

𝑥
0 4

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 (iii) Hence, deduce the relationship between
a) 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥), [1]
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) or 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔−1 (𝑥)
𝑁𝐵: 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

b) the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) and the graph of 𝑔(𝑥). [1]

They reflect along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥

(iv) Sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) for 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 11 and clearly state its range. [3]

𝑥−3
𝑔(𝑥) = √ +1
2
𝑦

1
𝑥
0 3 11

Range: 𝑦 ∈ ℝ: 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 3

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ .
(i) Find
a) 𝑓 2 (𝑥), where 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥), [1]
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
⇒ 𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑓(𝑥) + 1
= 2(2𝑥 + 1) + 1
= 4𝑥 + 2 + 1
= 4𝑥 + 3

b) 𝑓 3 (𝑥). [1]

𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3
⇒ 𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑓 2 (𝑥)] = 2𝑓(𝑥) + 1
= 2(4𝑥 + 3) + 1
= 8𝑥 + 6 + 1
= 8𝑥 + 7

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 (ii) Deduce the result for 𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥). [2]
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 = 21 𝑥 + (21 − 1)
𝑓 2 (𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3 = 22 𝑥 + (22 − 1)
𝑓 3 (𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 7 = 23 𝑥 + (23 − 1)
⇒ 𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥) = 2𝑛 𝑥 + (2𝑛 − 1)

(iii) Hence, prove by mathematical induction the result in 2(ii). [5]

𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥) = 2𝑛 𝑥 + (2𝑛 − 1)
When 𝑛 = 1:
LHS
𝑓 𝑛 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
RHS
2𝑛 𝑥 + (2𝑛 − 1) = 21 𝑥 + (21 − 1)
= 2𝑥 + (2 − 1)
= 2𝑥 + 1
Since 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆 ÷ the statement holds for 𝑛 = 1

Assuming true for 𝐧 = 𝐤:

𝑓 𝑘 (𝑥) = 2𝑘 𝑥 + (2𝑘 − 1)

Then for 𝒏 = 𝒌 + 𝟏:
𝑓 𝑘+1 (𝑥) = 2𝑘+1 𝑥 + (2𝑘+1 − 1)

Proof
𝑓 𝑘+1 (𝑥) = 2𝑘+1 𝑥 + (2𝑘+1 − 1)
LHS:
𝑓 𝑘+1 (𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑓 𝑘 (𝑥)]
= 2𝑓 𝑘 (𝑥) + 1
= 2[2𝑘 𝑥 + (2𝑘 − 1) ] + 1
= 2𝑘+1 𝑥 + (2𝑘+1 − 2) + 1
= 2𝑘+1 𝑥 + (2𝑘+1 − 1) 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1
∴The statement holds for 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1
Since the statement is true for 𝑛 = 1, 𝑛 = 𝑘 and 𝑛 = 𝑘 + 1 ∴ by induction the statement
holds for all 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ .
Psalms 145:14-16 ~ Tarakino N.P. (Trockers)

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