Msy Blo Lecture 3 Topic. Cousbtutve Rel abous Reoadiva $ Course. Notes: % LO\-LO8 Notes ow Stress aud SAI , p ap = Red ationship between _styess and evan - We have. considered styess and Stvain pe an akel 4 ‘so far. ae relaboushi Noein sbyess and Stvain — bebveen the HRS af he and ie de efor mater whe resultd— depems on maternal on which the forces act. looo N (2ooN | | | Aawe |. Trunk abe Dee naw load “oh a len? beck he ay ak marshmallow. “AyThis is illustrated wt A expen ment in Rawe | at jo N a > O& ‘lm FF | Wwe, pg Ste) ly? block 6 uff ash mallow, they bal “ten develop *t) ye Same sess Ostee} = Cwarchwalloo = [C00 w = kPa However, WE exy pe ck is seth m IW Vvew differen WAYS Bee hawe Uiffelert constintive Eaiuhan? —matenal behaviour. The consbprtve \ mathemateat pelatoushi, Sstesses and the Strains, defined by the matenal, Uniaxial motvahon pr consbtxbve —* pean our dp isin, A a consbhtubve ed ft The simple Se 5k ae lading | bar te Oo tensile ae ¢ iguee 2 vA fae pe Figue 2 Tdealised tensile test ahThe measured force P ys ay ane AL the har are ple aoe ig chow’ iw we 5S. ee iar by CroS- “sechond Aen. a divi yes by the end) inal bea wb, Wwe soe th is. also -aqives “me. shape 4, the he Bain GUyVve fa > AL ices ical stvess. Strain curve Raure 3 Typ / re aun angi Ree vq metal Rey enqméeving metals, such as Steel ar Alumivivun, te curs hous an minal ee Cala region, up und] the pant be rd ‘whith the ourve is ye j and Ao longer els “Linewr stvaight line ‘Elashe” : ie rma on is receaecable , i Ke unload the speameh ‘the curve. yall yebun ow the Sdine. pat, Me eta Engingen na wetals ave linear aheast up aad) the. point R yied. Since the material js linear, we caw wate the relabouship Ox = E &xx where E, the Young's modus, the Slope Qtne & ect oS LS Curve. We fhe elashe region. Since “the. loading is uni ax) al, Cyy = 02% =O Ef we measure. the change in dimensions in the Yy- and 2- divecbous, We wll nodce Oxx Eyy = —VDExx = €22 = -V Ex = Oxx yp Ee “2 where Vv, the Poisson's es descnbes oe COWDALDOK expenencea pee penatadar te oe Todaing direc Here we nohce something else That is han pet eae needing. Metals a ghed approx ba) the eperbes Ge et sdme_ a all 4 Adivechors. We call this isotropic. We Say Stel and alumi iced sob qic lingay elasbc matenals Cushbabve celatioustips for iscbepic. Imear eTasbcchy Th we now extend our thinks fiom AL UMWlaxl Case, Qua Pret block. 2) matenal “with newt chyeses ake in all three. avers the. Sora’ in each divectou will be’p ve. to the Sbess in the same Fe Tons din arty Aue “bo tach chen in tise--bo the Swessess iu the other he CRXOUS, We write this general Sp relabouslip as the Generdlised Hoofe's Law & = © ~v (Oyu + OZ xx oe & é 4Y 22) Eyy = 8 “% (Oxx + O%) ez = Cap _ Vv (Om + Syy) 0) E E Se tt P Exy = Oxy Lie = = x 5)where = is the byes Nomad? modulus 16 Che Poisson vabo & = 6 is the shear modulis ZY) E,v,&@ are al) matenal properbes. Nobce that the pormal Stresses and sbains are all coupled, se even of there is no novimal’ Stvess in a pavbodlar Aiwectou , there will Shit in aeneral be a normal Styain in Anak Airectou ie. Gye © Eyy = © at not imply" Tr contvast, the shear styesses ae Zyans are unde up eg SO exy Gopends only ow Oxy, Grd vick on any othe OO wpe WET Y Gye Ss. Suppose ‘nat we Know he stains ae we wat to Calalate. the. aresses, \Ne need be invert the é)\hee eauatous @ to fud 1 the. “wes me teyms Od) the stains. Suce the novinal sb¥cses aud Stralus aye all Cou led, Ais vequires US invett the Sy stem 5} Imearequatons. Oxx = = xx + Ev lox +€ +€22) CAy2y) wv 2 (é + Eyy + +y pr fom 2Y) me es =) Ome = E ey t+ (Ex t+ E tear) TH a Oe 2yv) 4 Oyy = E rear wa, and gyou ee erent, ) e CeIn Riso i Anal eet iw the. felowng Sn OxK = Ci-Vbx +y yy tee * oS iC! ) » )] etcetera. T/Goustontve Jaw wi Thermal efjects What happens: amatenal Wher the Aen pero & Chawges a . metal ner _ bimetallic stv p The “eet temperature change. is bo cause the matterial te expend or combyact. There IS tro shape change Te. no chear stain due te trerwal edu. The thermal strain dlepends cu the tewy ner nile, cha ge, ond ov the Ae eee €Xp aw SICK x QR Wiconal operty I Em = a AT 1 o oO ~ eo 10 @ Oo oO ] Le ea = XAT Eyy = LAT gh = XAT ee materal is Su bject ¢d 0 esses as well as thermal loading , Wwe can tne. potal stain: 3/1sete et @ the total stvain js the Sum 4 the thermal Sam and the elastic styain Suppese. there is therwal loading iM a Specimen which is Coustya near ck expaunsi lS cnnifbed: restyct expansion, 1e- EM )S specified: evel gh, ett ob s > € el en _ ¢% L Wy? ie. pelacted 7h se ey wed change. . to stress “ by con Syaiut £4, Tv get © BE 2 = ghia = LAT [Lee ~ ~ g o) Thus, elaswe Stresses mill be poduced as @ result d coustvained thermal Expansion. an ne ft a) a heavihg Ch a ACheck 1 Our Pymulabour 4) oe a Ms _ Aplecenbat equa cus ih We' made the fassumpdton ee ihe aud displacements are small, let us check whether that is mavnable. , bp returning to the uniorial tenste test, Ghustated A Agure. ie Svaall stain assuwy £0 Fiowe. 4 ara Styaih Curve. fer typi eqn Ween metal In the “Linear 2lask (eqion , OCS, ON €< oe Eo = Ge Ee Steels Oe : Geow E 2 ee Aluminiuns de | er é i e lo tlCan we howe small stains le, below yield) but large. displacemedts Think, oh %& long Skwer dawtlever beaw 5 beta in Fgure & v SSS Ns Fqure 5. Aw example avae. i laces Cuts . eh ro+akous, i! mall Stvains. per. er — eld day one edge 1s UO peg hole a () Iu this es eyen Tho rgb the, Sdaus are small, We need bo Deca jouw we Apply ‘su models. WA