Mey 51 Lelyre 6 Topics: Styess and stvain ansformebou Mm 35 Pancpa, Styesses and Stains in SD Read was : Gowse Notes, ‘LOS-LO’ Stress and stain vans fovis arouw” pe l=S ) pple (4 Coordinate brancsfymabhon We élten nee & mte the ice awd sbains ad ey ina de coovdinacte sytem fh cc Why make we weed , Te help us Cink about the effect of Loovdindke tvaustymahon on Styesses Or On ae let beg hs threw i Siwy by example ' ectsy ‘ae Dorma ‘pvaneReranecion in 2D Foure | ShowS a vectyy © wa 2D coordinate System deuctal — by x and We AXES - VpAgue lL A Vector a IW tuo chi ferent Con di Rage ayst ems Th tis Coorduase system, the vector has ceanpe newts A.~and Ay, wnitten ia airay PYM Os a> fay ? new coordi nae sustem 1s Now defined by x'- and wy’ axes. Tn this View C8, the vectey has components ax aud - ay ) wntten iM cured y, for m as a . oe 5 ay! Notice tat the vector a is miei under coordinate trans ny Th Vecter ie om a ead Physica Gu aunt ce , displacement, Wid i Ne A adpeud ent om the. choice we make COOTAIWANE SYsten . What _ change Under coord 2 3tyausfy Wabouw is the @mponeuts as i eee as Fepresental Wy , thea vw This jis Mike when we draw au object ae different views wm endineeny vawna') — ae ht Object ches Wot chawge, but § we hs Ch auges deperd ow our Soph - TRIS Same, pnicc le applies te the sues oy Strain Manx’ under coovdinate Se aac The actwal Stress of Syain a powt do not Change when we chatae the covdl Aware ‘suStet only the components @ stress - Stain IM the’ Mamx change Agure 2 shows the ce wp on cuts SO ASkress MANX, | rep recoult een e Stes clement , in the on ai xyes eer Hd te aay ew, and on inna diwade System -(Notia net ale Cannot vain the Nal ses & - we al ways nepoeserct rt In COM poneut mM iq the. Stress element. TiS 15 jh contrast fe to the. Vectey represen Fane, in Aqure I, whee we cold See the ditfereuce Wwtween the peal vecty a laud its component. in the two cowdinak- . CMS . “4° pzcoordinate, transfer much E quce 2 Representation I, a Ses Clement Usher Stress tyausfer mabon Coordinate transfer madou_matx @ We need o WAY to compute the | Components 2) ~ the stress oy strain mathx in the new Coed i nae system, We do this b making Use hw condi wate “by ave makou matnx Q , which has compeoheuts pepetor ny Ane divechou cosines Je We engi cocy Aine System expr sseq | oh the new covdinate systen, vUS 3You will net be asked to Hyd g ion will pe filet Q oY Supiaek ct 1 fev echion bo de The cus 2, Sones oy Stain im the ‘new coorlinate < ae ae. becca Cnn = OC @ E Snew = Qa Ej & @ This Operadon requres mabix mul Inpho. twi — tedicus to do by hand tbe Se wt Tipyter ea athe COUN ak oud : Exawiples & “he. sane mak ou meth,& f 4 A ee aera nade system ig he x- fawe Dur oe te Aina E) as Shown | Figure 3 2 ny ra Rawe 3 se] / Retahon G the | 4 plane “0 ot , mage es z Bh;The ty ausfoymakoa mam fr this operak ow * 1s: Q = (ts 6 hE oO ~ sine cos oO oO Oo | Riobiees Das, tne Zaxis remains uk changed in this exawple , ro ba tre-third ron dnd Coluwu i @ e.g. no covvdinase. System henge Q = | © © ~ oO | oO OC: © When we compute tue tyausfoymed stvess vy StYain using ils O oY Q, they will be ui chaliged Frow ese examples, we Man nobce. An int aunt oy ty We ty assphnation ‘4 athe ‘5 a (lezen nat & G's always exact JQ\ = | ® This makes Sense - if we applied a tranSfor maton m dey with dekecmiude cther than |, fre. Stvess oy Shain max wel bf,chair iaagitude. under ccovd( wale dyansermabyon , Prncipal Stresses and Strains th 3D Think a vector under coordinate ) aes Puc ou , as Show in Fg gue Ts there a Coovdinate 5 user, chowe- where the “a on eats vey? vectoy will have a Gee Cal pre Now we ask. Is tnere a choice. wovadinate sustem jn which the tess mah ty chain max wil howe a specra Shape. ; e What wold that special shape be? 7This j¢ an eldenvalue— problem GX = Ax @) Ts there @ Aivecdou X& fr which when the Stress mahix Eek Oh F4 rt Cn al ° ee & ag Aut nok fired 1M, Riles tt we ie down We Solve the eigenvalue poblea b rear anging equtben ©: a (g-ab)jz -2 @ where To = is the, = Jtloso Oo), & Lo oo} j dewtty moan Solubhous bo equaty OW S: i. z= (net veu intevesting ) 2. det (6 -AL)=0 © Salviva equation (e ©, Wwe fra s/s» tne eigenvalue the stvess mann , awa “hence x" y, € ei qewvector s. The exqenvalues a stress mamx are the ah a esses , aud the Roane SWEEE mee keg = al divecbous epi the oH ae Zyctew a leuced ie Reve cipal stress Stave. , t Stay Hg Coordinate. system. 2 lawl Gey meas a Strain mad a ave. he pnuncipal brauns | and the Liaeuvects i eal rm mathx avethe vin cevd Aivech ous The. prvicepad Sivess state, illustrated M gun. ) IS Witten Oo = oO oO” ~ o & O O © O% Ov Os ae OF Faure & A inne wl StvesS state, ‘Note hock “there are | ouly aonual oO a oy Sesses awk a | fro Shear Os StyvesSs . WiNote that iw the paucipal Stvess Stake there ave Ne Shear Stwesses. We denote the prin cipal Stresses by oO, Or , OB Tn nis course, Wwe will not are Bout the ovduy 2 the, principal SYESES, Ke. Op 0 po THs S 1S becauSe we will want bud y how the Shes Stecte ous a ra he chawes jn mate ee Me Ieen Aang al ey, will by CON iF The bvdiv the. Tong chal Fe Vai ROWS 1, load We ad denote the mari mumw poncipal Stbres , Cmax Cn = max (oy, %,6) @ aud tue miniituim pa acipal stvess, min Cmin = min C0, Cz, 3) (8) Tmax and Omin represent the maximum and wi inate Values, lofwpe eavey, that the stvess Componesk a matenad powict an attain under ai coord inate. yrourSfor maton Recall that the et Lgenvectors © pete shes maMx are Ke pricipel Aivechous . rf we wnte bran sfor mab mann Q = ‘a, L, c) @ ~ Ar by Cz Oz bs Ces where & ,b, € Aye we eigeuseckys, = ) then we can’ USe Q to yas tue tcovdnae Sustem to the poacepal coor dl Rake. SYUStem Recall tnat det & = |. This means that the. eTaen vedors must all be normalised unit vectsyS, be, Ja | » {be | = Je| - | You ct elacnvectoys with non- # net fay i need ‘bo nommalisr tei € y asi ene lu the Sronspr We have depuck Q to transi bo the pnic ipa GH as 4 matic meg thle, eigenvectors as Clunus. WV (2:Some. _ COM prt ak onal packa ey, Wher Gompucdu Bi wecters pehin a matty X a witch the ‘eigenveckvs are the rows, which id OT Please make suve te” check the Ae fracbon 2D _Mehrs circle a) stress oy Stain We a draw a Mol a ave te % resent, wien all possible Lyesk Apo ee . bie as dena, ‘We ay Grewal sing the effect a, au possi bl @. Deora brauStev mahtous We constvuch @ 3D Mohs corde. On O- T axes as shown In FF 5 tA o- ae Re ale 2 hy eSSible Vv alwes he Ane hoydal sey diced. ie T- Axis is poSitve downwards, pe Pi bug possible values é)~ the shear Syesses. AS Shout iW Fa ure s Ob), we plet the three prinec StYESLS mW ye O- axis, “Then, mn gure Ss AP we raw a cucle comechia hc Mae i is CCpal ice OS cubles mM pel Each corde moresentS styvess tv ansf voto “in A Ancipak plane. soe Mig tne otter phiscipl (Hz ayes«) FRliaure 3 Zoastruchy a 3d Mots Cucle (a) draw os alles Cb) plot “the Lives pancipal Stresses (c) draw cvcles commectwa zack paw é] Stresses. From the Meohes civcle we Aw | visualise the maxiimuwr and Minimud normal Stresses — Cmax And Cmin~ ae well as the Maximum shear Aon ee Se, “Tmax: Bre