Name of Student: FLORES, JULIANE MARIE J.
Primitive Reflexes
Reflex Use
To shield the eyes from foreign
1. Blink Reflex bodies and bright lights.
Helps the baby in finding and
2. Rooting Reflex latching onto the breast to start
feeding.
Helps with nursing or bottle
3. Sucking Reflex feeding.
Propel the food bolus from the oral
4. Swallowing Reflex cavity to the esophagus without
aspiration of food into the airways.
Helps protect babies from choking
5. Extrusion Reflex or aspirating food and other
foreign objects.
Enables the clenching of an object
6. Palmar Grasp Reflex by a newborn when pressure and
touch are introduced to the palm.
Walking or dancing.
7. Step-In Place Reflex
For burping your baby after eating.
8. Placing Reflex
The state and position, eliciting the
9. Plantar Grasp Reflex palmar grasp reflex.
Stimulus
Trigeminal sensory nerves and the
facial motor (VII) nerve innervation
of the orbicularis oculi muscles.
Corner of the baby’s mouth is
stimulated.
When the roof of the mouth is
stimulated.
Reflex closure of the glottis, larynx
elevation, and transient cessation of
breathing.
When their tongue is touched or
depressed in any way by a solid and
semisolid object, like a spoon.
By placing an object in the palm of
the infant's hand.
Occurs when a baby is held upright
with the soles of their feet touching
a flat, solid surface.
Hold the newborn baby in an upright
position in front of a table or other
object.
By pressing a thumb against the sole
of a foot just behind the toes.
Response
When a sensory stimulus contacts
either free nerve endings within the
epithelium of the cornea.
The baby should start sucking as
soon as a nipple touches the roof of
their mouth.
The baby will begin to suck when
the area is stimulated.
Acts suggest that several muscles
are engaged throughout the
swallowing process.
When a newborn uses their tongue
to push solid food out of their
mouth.
Leads to involuntary flexion
response.
Part of your baby's brain already
understands the motions needed to
walk.
They will raise their foot to try to
step onto the object, or they will
raise their arm automatically.
Flexion and adduction of all the
toes.
 Helps infants learn to move the top
half and the bottom half of their
body independently from each
10. Tonic Neck Reflex
other.
A normal reflex for an infant when
he or she is startled or feels like
11. Moro Reflex
they are falling.
It can help to evaluate a
12. Babinski Reflex neurological problem.
To test spinal cord integrity of
13. Magnet Reflex newborns.
That allows the body to
compensate on one side for a
14. Crossed Extension stimulus on the other.
To encourage movement and
develop range of motion in the hip
15. Trunk Incurvation
in preparation for walking and
crawling.
Helps to increase muscle tone in
16. Landau Reflex the back and neck.
To assess the integrity of the
motor system and provides
17. Deep Tendon Reflexes
information on the condition of
upper and lower motor neurons.
Elicited by turning the child's head
to one side.
Occurs when a baby gets startled by
a loud sound, sudden movement, or
intense light.
The Babinski reflex occurs after the
sole of the foot has been firmly
stroked.
Elicited by applying pressure on the
soles of the foot of newborns lying
in supine position.
When one footstep on a nail, the
crossed extensor reflex shifts the
body’s weight onto the other foot,
protecting and withdrawing the foot
on the nail.
By holding the baby face-down in
one hand while using the other hand
to stroke the baby's skin along either
side of the spine.
Change of muscle tone and the
reflex gives the child an opportunity
to practice balance.
Tapping the appropriate tendon
causes passive stretch of the
associated muscle.
When your baby is lying down and
their head is turned to the right or
left, the corresponding arm extends
while the other arm bends next to
their head. This makes them look
like they're about to start fencing.
The infant will have a startled look
and the arms will fling out sideways
with the palms up and the thumbs
flexed.
The big toe then moves upward or
toward the top surface of the foot.
The other toes fan out.
The newborns would push back
against the pressure.
Shifts the body's weight onto the
other foot, protecting and
withdrawing the foot on the nail.
The baby's spine should curve in
response, causing the head and feet
to move towards the side being
stroked.
Maintain a convex arc with the head
raised and legs slightly flexed.
0 = no response abnormal. 1+ = a
slight but present response may or
not normal. 2+ = a brisk response;
normal.
Fill-in the specific newborn measurements:

Average Newborn

Weight 2.5 – 3.4 kg

Length/ Height 46 – 54 cm

Head Circumference 34 – 35 cm

Chest circumference 32 – 33 cm

Temperature 36.4 – 37 °C

Pulse 120 – 140 bpm

Respiration 30 – 60 cpm

Normal Physical Assessment of a Newborn

DESCRIPTION
Acrocyanosis The decrease in oxygen delivery to the extremities causes a bluish coloring of the extremities called acrocyanosis.
It is a chronic disease that lacks triphasic episodic color response.
Physiologic Jaundice Physiological jaundice is the most common type of jaundice in infants. Jaundice of this kind is typical. Most babies
experience physiological jaundice by their second or third day of life. Your baby's liver will begin to eliminate
extra bilirubin once it has grown.
Meconium Meconium is the earliest stool of a mammalian infant resulting from defecation.
Harlequin Sign The 'Harlequin sign' is characterized by asymmetric flushing and sweating of the face, representing localised
ipsilateral autonomic dysfunction, which is an indication of localized ipsilateral autonomic dysfunction and is
caused by a cervical sympathetic deficit on the side that doesn't flush.
Mongolian spots Flat, bluish- to bluish-gray skin patches known as "Mongol blue spots" frequently occur at birth or shortly after.
Vernix Caseosa Vernix Caseosa is a white, creamy, naturally occurring biofilm covering the skin of the fetus during the last
trimester of pregnancy.
Lanugo Lanugo is very thin, soft, usually unpigmented, downy hair that is sometimes found on the body of a fetus or
newborn.
Desquamation Desquamation, commonly called skin peeling, is the shedding of the outermost membrane or layer of a tissue,
such as the skin.
Milia Milia are small, dome-shaped bumps that are usually white or yellow. They're usually not itchy or painful.
Erythema Toxicum Erythema toxicum is a common rash seen in full-term newborns. It usually appears in the first few days after birth
and fades within a week.
Fontanels The space where 2 sutures join forms a membrane-covered "soft spot."
Molding The shaping of a baby's head to facilitate passage down the birth canal.
Caput Succedaneum Caput succedaneum is swelling of the scalp in a newborn. It is most often brought on by pressure from the uterus
or vaginal wall during a head-first (vertex) delivery.
Colostrum Colostrum is the first type of breastmilk produced by the mammary glands following childbirth. It's high in
antibodies and antioxidants, which help build a newborn baby's immune system.

Essay:
1. How do the concepts of growth and development differ?
The change in a person's age, weight, size, and habits is called growth. On the other hand, development is the process by which a
person's growth is apparent in relation to the physical, environmental, and social variables.One of the main differences between
growth and development is that growth is more of a physical assessment.Growth and development cannot be measured in the same
way.

2. Why are gross and fine motor skills important? Give examples
Skills that allow us to move and do the things we do every day are called motor skills.A child's development cannot proceed without
mastering these abilities.Fine motor skills are those that use the small muscles of the hand or wrist with a lot of control and
precision (like using a fork or crayon).Our ability to perform larger movements like walking, running, and jumping is made possible
by gross motor skills, which make use of the large muscles in our bodies.