THE EFFECTS OF CONFLICT BETWEEN POLICEMEN AND LOCAL

OFFICIALS IN COPING UP PEACE AND ORDER SITUATION

IN FIVE SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES IN THE FIRST
DISTRICT OF NORTHERN SAMAR:
TOWARDS PUBLIC SAFETY

Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN SAMAR
Libertad, Lavezares, Northern Samar

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

JOVIL DOMANAIS
JHON PAUL VARGAS
MANUEL ANQUILO

2022-2023

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 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis titled “THE EFFECTS OF CONFLICT BETWEEN POLICEMEN

AND LOCAL OFFICIALS IN COPING UP PEACE AND ORDER
SITUATION IN FIVE SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES IN THE FIRST
DISTRICT OF NORTHERN SAMAR: TOWARDS PUBLIC SAFETY.
Prepared by JOVIL DOMANAIS, JHON PAUL VARGAS and MANUEL
ANQUILO
Hereby recommended for oral defense.

EUFEMIA A. JATAP , Ph.D.

Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

DDGen. ARMANDO M. LLAMASARES,(Ret) DPA

Chairman

RANNIE R. JATAP, MAEd MAE VIDA M. LIPATA, Ed.D

Member Member

ROMMEL P. GREGORIO ABE A. VILLARINO, CPA,DPA

Member Member

Accepted and approved by the examining committee in partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology with the

grade of ______________________,November, 2022

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 ABSTRACT

Title : THE EFFECTS OF CONFLICT BETWEEN

POLICEMEN AND LOCAL OFFICIALS IN COPING UP
PEACE AND ORDER SITUATION IN FIVE SELECTED
MUNICIPALITIES IN THE FIRST DISTRICT OF
NORTHERN SAMAR: TOWARDS PUBLIC SAFETY.

Researchers : JOVIL DOMANAIS, JHON PAUL VARGAS and

MANUEL ANQUILO

Adviser : Dr. Eufemia A. Jatap

School : Colegio De San Juan Samar

Year : 2023

Degree : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Introduction

There are instances that conflict may arise between the PNP and the local officials

due to some factors. One of the factors may be politics and personal reason.

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 The local leader such as Mayor may transfer the assignment of the PNP of

his duties to different places and this may start the conflict of the police officers

and the local official.

A well discipline and organized is Philippine National Police truly needed in

our society. Their oath of protecting and safeguarding every lives of Filipino is

utmost expected to them. For this, that they should render a more extraordinary

care and be more vigilant in all their actuations, as saying goes that the PNP plays

a vital role in the maintenance of peace and order in the community and securing

the public safety so that people will be more convenient in their daily lives.

If in any of the event that a conflict in terms of decision and application of

policy making between the PNP and the local officials in some places, the core

values of the public officials should be paramount and the interest of the

community must subsist.

The researchers are interested to conduct this study in order to know the

effects of the conflict of the policemen and the local officials and the common

reasons why it so happen.

The researchers, as a future law enforcers could understand the nature of the

PNP and its relation not only to the community but also to the local officials they

were assigned.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the Effects of Conflict between Policemen and

Local Officials in Coping Up Peace and Order Situation in five selected

Municipalities in the first district of Northern Samar: Towards Public Safety.

Specifically, it sought further to answer the following questions:

1. How may the respondent profile be described in terms of;

a. Age;

b. Gender;

c. Civil Status; and

d. Educational Attainment

e. Seminars and trainings attended?

2. What are the effects of the conflict between National Police and the

Local Officials in coping up peace and order situation?

3. What are the government actions with regards to such conflict?

4. What are the problems encountered regarding such government actions?

5. What are the solutions offered to the above mentioned problem?

6. How may the researchers findings be utilized towards public safety?

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Research Design

This study generally aimed at determining the effects of conflict between

policemen and local officials in coping up peace and order situation towards public

safety.

The researchers employed a descriptive design in answering the specific

questions laid down in the Statement of the Problem. Descriptive research designs

help provide answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, and how

associated with a particular research problem; a descriptive study cannot

conclusively ascertain answers to why. Descriptive research is used to obtain

information concerning the current status of the phenomena and to describe "what

exists" with respect to variables or conditions in a situation.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the Local Government Units, youth of legal

age, parents, PNP personnel and other elected officials. There will be a total of 100

respondents in five municipalities.

Research Instrument

The researchers used a survey questionnaire to gather data relevant to

answering the questions posed in the statement of the problem. The survey

questionnaire will be distributed to the selected samples as discussed in the

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Respondents of the Study. Furthermore, municipal mayors also took part in filling

out the survey questionnaire.

There were six survey questionnaire used. This included: Part I – Personal

Information, Part II – The effects of conflict. Part III. The government actions. Part

IV. Problems encountered. Part V. Solutions to the Problem. Part VI. Researchers

Findings. The responses of the respondents were categorized into five such as

Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Undecided, Agree and Strongly Agree. Lastly, Part

III was accomplished by the respondents’ respective perceptions.

Summary of findings

I. On the Respondents’ Profile

1.1 As to the age distribution of the respondents, it disclosed that in the age

bracket of 21-30 years old there are 25 or 25%, 31-40 years old are 37 or 37%, 41-

50 years old are 30 or 30% and age bracket of 51 years old and above are 8 or 8%.

The table as it presented the age of the respondents could be categorically

concluded that they are matured enough to discern the issue on the conflict

between the two agency, if there exists.

1.2 As to the gender of the respondents. It shows that majority of the

respondents are male with a frequency of 86 or 86% and female with a frequency

of 14 or 14%.

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 It categorically disclosed that male are more responsive to the issue on the

conflict between the PNP and local officials based on the number of the

respondents.

I.3 As to the respondents as to civil status, it shows that respondents

are almost married with a frequency of 54 or 54%. Others are

single with a frequency of 42 or 42%, separated with a frequency

of 1 or 1% and widow with 3 or 3%.

I.4 As to the educational attainment of the respondents which

majority are College graduate with a frequency of 36 or 36%,

elementary level with 12 or 12%, 22 or 22% are high school level,

20 or 20% are high school graduate and only 10 or 10% are

College level.

I.5 As to the trainings and seminars attended, based on the result,

there are 22 out of 100 respondents who have not identified they

have attended trainings, but majority have signified that they have

In service training with 51%.

II. On the effects of the conflict between National Police and the Local
Officials in coping up peace and order situation

The most effects if there is a conflict between the PNP and the local officials will

be the following, based on the mean and percentage:

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 1.1 There will be conflict in the implementation of the ordinance in the

municipality with a mean of 3.86 gained the most approval of the respondents.

1.2 There will be no unity in terms of program and policies in the

Municipality where PNP and local officials have conflict with mean of 3.84.

1.3 The PNP is being reluctant to persevere their duties and responsibility

by reason of the conflict with mean of 3.82.

III- On the government actions with regards to such conflict

The respondents mostly agreed as to the government actions on the following:

1.1 Exhaust all the administrative remedy for the solution of the said

conflict mean of 4.17.

1.2 The government imposed strict mediation to end conflict between the

PNP and local official with a mean of 4.12

1.3 A policy will be imposed by the government to suppress any conflict

by the PNP and local official mean of 4.04.

IV. On the problems encountered regarding such government actions

The most problems encountered regarding the government actions are the

following based on the result of the survey:

1.1 is lack of investigation by the government as to the main cause of the

conflict response with mean of 4.14.

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 1.2 Their no serious mediation made between the two conflicting agency

with mean of 4.10.

1.3 A policy imposed is not effective in the dispute between the PNP and the

local official with mean of 4.02.

V-On the possible solutions to the above mentioned problems

The solutions with regards to the problems encountered will be the

following, this also on the basis of the statistical formula:

1.1 In order to avoid a court dispute, a remedy outside of court settlement

must be exhausted is mostly agreed upon with a mean of 4.03.

1.2 A full investigation by the government as to the main cause of the

conflict should be addressed into mean of 4.01.

1.3 The policy must benefit both with the PNP and the local officials with

mean of 3.94.

VI-On the researchers’ findings be utilized towards public safety

On the researchers Findings be Utilized Towards public safety. The result of

the survey of the respondents are the following:

1.1 Result of the study will help how dispute be settled amicably with a

mean of 4.29.

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 1.2 Findings of this study will be beneficial to both the PNP and local

officials with mean of 4.28.

1.3 Result of the study will bring more closer outlook to the main issue of

the dispute between the PNP and local officials with a mean of 4.18.

Conclusions

In analysis as to the findings of the study, the following conclusions are

herein coined by the researchers:

1. The respondents are between 31-40 years old, male, married, College

graduate and have had In Service training.

2. The effects of conflict between the PNP and the local officials in coping

peace and order situation are here will be conflict in the implementation of

the ordinance in the municipality and there will be no unity in terms of

program and policies in the Municipality where PNP and local officials have

conflict

3. When it comes to government actions with regards to such conflict being

mentioned in the preceding number are exhaust all the administrative

remedy for the solution of the said conflict and the government imposed

strict mediation to end conflict between the PNP and local official.

4. There are problems encountered regarding the government action in order to

settle the dispute between the PNP and local officials, these are lack of
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 investigation by the government as to the main cause of the conflict response

and their no serious mediation made between the two conflicting agency.

5. Due to the problems being encountered, the solutions are herein formulated,

hence, the most agreed proposed solutions are in order to avoid a court

dispute, a remedy outside of court settlement must be exhausted is mostly

agreed upon and a full investigation by the government as to the main cause

of the conflict should be addressed.

6. This research is based on the personal survey and interview by the

researchers as to why and the possible reason of conflict between the PNP

and the local officials. The most answered findings that could be utilized are

result of the study will help how dispute be settled amicably and findings of

this study will be beneficial to both the PNP and local officials.

Recommendations

It is with the full understanding of the study that the researchers are

recommending the following points. These are rooted from the findings of the

study and the conclusions above.

1. The nature of being a human, there are instances that a dispute may arise.

During the interview there are cases that it happened. Hence, the researchers

recommend that there is no stupid quarrel that cannot be settle. Any little

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 problems should be solve immediately and should not prolong so that it

won’t be tainted by any grudge.

2. Due to conflict, the relationship between the PNP and the local officials are

being shrouded by their personal and ill motive based on the information

gathered by the researchers. In this premise, the researchers are

recommending that they should be guided by the CORE values of being a

government official.

3. Due to the conflict between the PNP and the local officials it affects to the

efficiency of their work as public servant. With this, the government must

serve as mediator in reconciliation between the two conflicting agency so

that they could deliver the efficient public service to the community.

4. Conflict between the PNP and local officials transpired due to some reasons.

Problems must be settle judiciously and with cold neutrality between the two

parties in order to protect the interest of the government service.

5. A code of conduct or a bilateral agreement must be initiated so that it will

avoid any conflict between the PNP and the local government officials.

6. It is highly recommended that the findings of this study will be given

consideration when any issues relating to this topic is being raised.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers wish to thanks the following persons who shares their

expertise and knowledge so that this research will be more meaningful and

substantial in its content.

DR. EUFEMIA A. JATAP, College President and our thesis adviser giving

her time to edit our thesis from its title, chapter one and the rest of the part of

research, the researchers owe it a lot to you, ma’am.

DR. ARMANDO M. LLAMASARES, our Department Head and

Chairman of the Examining Committee, for giving a light environment with your

jokes, but we won’t remember only the jokes the true meaning of being a students,

that we will persevere.

DR. ABE VILLARINO, for being humble and sharing his wisdom. Thank

you, sir.

DR. MAE VIDA M. LIPATA, member of the examining committee for her

additional inputs that adds to the color and makes this thesis more acceptable to the

readers.

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 MR. RANNIE R. JATAP, likewise a member of the examining committee

for being a light when there is gloomy. You encourage the students to work hard

and always be determined to achieve what we long for.

MR. ROMMEL P. GREGORIO, also member of the examining

committee, for fatherly support. You symbolizes both being a true leader and being

a friend. Thank you, Sir Rom Greg.

- The researchers

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 DEDICATION

This research is ardently yet silently dedicated to our : parents for the

financial help despite of being poor.

Our Friends, for the bonding with some bottle in the middle of conversation

And to loving God our strength and foundation

- The Researchers

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 Table of contents

Pages
Title Page…………………………………………………… i
Approval Sheet……………………………………………… ii
Abstract……………………………………………………………....iii
Acknowledgment…………………………………………………. .ix
Dedication…………………………………………………………… x
Table of contents……………………………………………………xi
Chapters:

I- THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction…………………………………………..…..…... 1
Statement of the Problem....................................................... 6
Conceptual Framework…………………………………. 8
Paradigm of the Study………………………….………… 12
Assumptions of the Study……………….……………… 12
Significance of the Study………………………………… 13
Scope and Delimitation of the Study……………………… 14
Definition of Terms………………………………………. 15

II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Local Literature................. ....................................... 16
Foreign literature……….………….……………… 24
Related Studies………….……………………………… 40
Relevance of the present study and Literature….…………...... 48

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 III. RESEARCH METHOLOGY
Locale of the Study…………………………………..……… 51
Respondents of the Study…………………………..………. 55
The Variables of the Study...………………..………………… 55
Research Design.................................................................... 56
Research Instrument Used…………………………………….. 56
Construction of the Instrument…………………………………56
Scoring and Interpretation of Data……………………………. . 57
Validation of the Research Instrument……………….……….. . 57
Population and Sampling…………………………….……….... 57
Administration and Retrieval of the Instrument………………. 58
Data Gathering Procedure……………….…………………..….. 58
Statistical Treatment of Data………………………….….….... 58

IV - PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Respondents Profile
Distribution of Respondents by Age……………………………..….60
Distribution of Respondents by Gender………………………… 61
Distribution of Respondents by Civil Status……………… 61
Distribution of Respondents by Educational Attainment… … 62
Distribution of Respondents by Trainings/Seminars……............ 62
Distribution of Respondents on the Effects of Conflict…… 63
Distribution of Respondents on the problems encountered……. 68
Distribution of Respondents on the Solutions Offered……….. 69
Distribution of the Respondents on the Researchers Findings…… 70

III- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings…………………………………… 74
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 Conclusions……………………………………………… 76
Recommendations………………………………………… 78

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………79
APPENDICES……………………………………………………… 80
Appendix A Letter to the Mayor
Appendix B Letter to the Respondents
Appendix C Questionnaire
CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………… 90

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