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    AASHTO T 290-94

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    281 views5 pages

    Aashto T 290-94

    Uploaded by

    carol santos

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5
    Standard Method of Test for Determining Water Soluble Sulfate on Content in Soil 1. SCOPE. LL This test method covers the de- termination of the water soluble sulfate jon content in soils. This standard is divided into two parts. The first part specifies the procedure for sampling and preparing the sample to size for testing ‘The second part delineates two test pro- cedures (Methods A or B) for the deter- ‘mination of the sulfate ion content in soils. The selection of the method is dependent on the concentration of sulfate ion and the accuracy desired. Two meth- ds are given as follows: Sections Method (Gravimorie Method) aon £81016) Matha! 8 (urbidimctse Method) 07 £17 0 26) 1.2 Method A is a primary measure of sulfate ion Method B is less time-consuming, but often more liable to interference than Method A. It is particularly useful in the lower sulfate range and can be used as a screening test. This method is directly applicable over the range of 10 to 100 mg/kg. 13° The values stated in ST units are to be regarded as the standard, 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2A AASHTO Standards: T2 Sampling Aggregates T 248 Reducing Field Sam. ples of Aggregate to Testing Size 2.2. ASTM Standards: D859 Test Methods for Sit- ica in Water AASHTO DESIGNATION T 290-94 D 1129 Definitions of Terms Relating to Water 1D 1198 Specification for Re- agent Water D 1339 Test Methods for Sul fite Ton in Water Practice for Photomet- ric Methods for the Chemical Analysis of Metals Practice for Describ- ing and Measuring Performance of Ulra- violet, Visible, and Near Infrared Specro- photometers E60 BS DEFINITIONS 3.1 For definitions of terms used in these methods, refer to Definitions D 1129, PART 1 INITIAL PREPARATION OF ‘TEST SAMPLES, 4. SCOPE 4.1 This method covers the dry prep- aration of soil and soil-aggregate sam- ples, as received from the field, for use jn determining the sulfate ion’ content in soils. 42 The following applies to all spec: ified limits in this standard: For the pur: pose of determining conformance with these specifications, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded off to the nearest unit” in the last right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance wi the rounding-off method R11, Recom- mended Practice For Indicating Which Places Of Figures Are To Be Considered Significant In Specified Limiting Values. S. APPARATUS 5.1 The balance shall conform to the requirements of M 231, for the class of general purpose balance required for the principal sample mass of the sample be- ing tested 52. Drying Apparatus—Any suite able device capable of drying samples At a temperature not exceeding 60°C 40°). 53 _Sieves—A series of sieves of the following sizes: 6.3-mm ('s in.) 4.75- mm (No. 4), 2.00-mm (No, 10) and a ppan. The sieve shall conform to M 92, Sieves for Testing Purposes (Note 1), Sa Pulverizing Apparanes—Either @ ‘mortar and rubber-covered pestle or any device suitable for breaking up the aggre gations of soil particles without reducing the sizeof the individual grains (Note 2), 55. Sample Spliner—A suitable sif- fle sampler or sample splitter for propor- ‘ional splitting ofthe sample and capable of obtaining representative portions of the sample without appreciable loss of fines. The width of the container used to feed the riffle sampler spliter should bbe equal to the total combined width of the riffle chutes, Proportional splitting of the sample on a canvas cloth is also permitted NOTE 1—The sieve sizes which have an ‘opening size of 6.3 mm (Ms in.) or larger shall conform tothe requirements specified in M692 excluding column no 7. This exclusion permits the use of heavier screens in non Standard frames which are larger than the 203.2-mm (8 in.) round frames. NOTE 2—Oter types of apparatus are satisfactory ifthe aggregations of soil pani= cles are broken up without reducing the size fof the individual grains 769 70. 6. SAMPLE SIZE, 6.1 The amount of soil material re- quired to perform the individual test is as follows: Approx. Mass Sieve Size est (2) _Finer Than Soltate 250 2.00 mm (%o. 10) 7. INITIAL PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLES 7.1. The sample as received from the ficld may be dried in air or a drying apparatus not exceeding 60°C (140°F) piior to sample selection (Note 3). A representative test sample of the amount ‘required to perform the tests shall thea be obtained with the sampler, or by spit- ting or quartering. The aggregations of soil particles shall then be broken up in the pulverizing apparatus in such a way as to avoid reducing the natural size of the individual particles NOTE 3-Samples dried in an oven or ‘other drying apparatus at a temperaice not ‘exceeding 60°C (I40°F) are considered to Be air dred 7.2. The portion of the sample se- lected for sulfate testing shall be sepa- ‘ated into fractions by one of the follow- jing methods: 721 Aliemate Method Using 2.00- ‘mm (No. 10) Sieve—The dried sample shall be separated into two fractions us- ing a 2.00-mm sieve. The fraction re- tained on the sieve shall be ground with the pulverizing apparatus until the aggre- gation of soil particles are separated into individual grains. The ground soil shall then be separated into two fractions using the 2.00.mm sieve, 722 Alternate Method Using 4.75- ‘mm and 2.00-mm (No. 4 and No. 10) Sieves—The dried sample shall frst be separated into wo fractions using a 4.75. ‘mm sieve. The fraction retained on this sieve shall be ground with a pulverizing apparatus until the aggregations of soil Particles are broken into separate grains {and again separated on the 4.75-mim sieve. The fraction passing the 4.75-mm sieve shall be mixed thoroughly and, by the use of the sampler or by spliting METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING ‘and quartering, a representative portion adequate for testing shall be obtained, ‘This split-off portion shall then be sepa- rated on the 2.00-mm sieve, and pro cessed as in Section 7.2.1 723° Alternate Method Using 6.3- ‘mm and 2.00-mm (‘iein. and No, 10) Sieves—The dried sample shall frst be separated into two fractions using a 63- ‘mm sieve. The fraction retained on this sieve shall be ground with a pulverizing apparatus until the aggregations of soil particles are broken into separate grains and again separated on the 6.3-mam sieve ‘The fraction passing the 6.3-mm sieve shall be mixed thoroughly and, by the use of the sampler or by splitting and quartering, a representative portion ade- uate for testing shall be obtained. This split-off portion shall then be separated on the 2.00-mm sieve, and processed as in Section 7.2.1 PART 2 DETERMINATION OF ‘SULFATE CONTENT Method A—Gravimetrie Method (Sections 8 to 16) 8. SCOPE 8.1 This method is utilized to deter- ‘mine the amount of water soluble sulfate jon in soil. It is directly applicable to ‘samples containing approximately 20 to 100 mg/kg of sulfate ion. It can be ex- {ended to higher or lower ranges by ad justing the sample size 82° This standard may involve haz- ardous materials, operations, and equip- ‘ment. This standard does not purport to address all the safety problems associ- ated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the appli- ability of regulatory limitations prior to use, 9. SUMMARY OF METHOD 9.1 Sulfate ion is precipitated and the mass determined as barium sulfate 7290 after removal of silica and other insole ble mater. 10. INTERFERENCES TOA. Sulfites and sulfides may oxi size and precipitate withthe sulfate. Tur. bidity caused by silica or other insoluble ‘material would interfere if allowed to be present, but removal of such interference {is provided in this method, 10.2 Other substances tend to be oc-

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